v1.2.48 - Add CPU% and MEM% ASCII bar graphs to API page stats

v1.2.47 - Fix build: use getter function for g_connection_count (was static, can't extern)
v1.2.46 - Fix: move extern g_connection_count to file scope in api.c
2026-02-25 07:33:06 -04:00 · 2026-02-25 07:24:17 -04:00 · 2026-02-25 07:22:14 -04:00 · 2026-02-25 07:18:42 -04:00 · 2026-02-25 07:12:07 -04:00 · 2026-02-25 07:08:20 -04:00
29 changed files with 2782 additions and 266 deletions
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ RUN if [ "$DEBUG_BUILD" = "true" ]; then \
    -Inostr_core_lib/cjson -Inostr_core_lib/nostr_websocket \
    src/main.c src/config.c src/dm_admin.c src/request_validator.c \
    src/nip009.c src/nip011.c src/nip013.c src/nip040.c src/nip042.c \
-    src/websockets.c src/subscriptions.c src/api.c src/embedded_web_content.c \
+    src/websockets.c src/subscriptions.c src/api.c src/embedded_web_content.c src/ip_ban.c \
    -o /build/c_relay_static \
    c_utils_lib/libc_utils.a \
    nostr_core_lib/libnostr_core_x64.a \
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ LIBS = -lsqlite3 -lwebsockets -lz -ldl -lpthread -lm -L/usr/local/lib -lsecp256k
 BUILD_DIR = build

 # Source files
-MAIN_SRC = src/main.c src/config.c src/dm_admin.c src/request_validator.c src/nip009.c src/nip011.c src/nip013.c src/nip040.c src/nip042.c src/websockets.c src/subscriptions.c src/api.c src/embedded_web_content.c
+MAIN_SRC = src/main.c src/config.c src/dm_admin.c src/request_validator.c src/nip009.c src/nip011.c src/nip013.c src/nip040.c src/nip042.c src/websockets.c src/subscriptions.c src/api.c src/embedded_web_content.c src/ip_ban.c
 NOSTR_CORE_LIB = nostr_core_lib/libnostr_core_x64.a
 C_UTILS_LIB = c_utils_lib/libc_utils.a

@@ -1486,3 +1486,16 @@ body.dark-mode .admin-verification-content {
    font-size: 12px;
 }

+
+/* ================================
+   IP BANS TABLE - compact rows
+   ================================ */
+#ip-bans-table td, #ip-bans-table th {
+    padding: 4px 8px;
+    line-height: 1.3;
+    font-size: 13px;
+}
+#ip-bans-table button {
+    padding: 2px 8px;
+    font-size: 12px;
+}
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
            <li><button class="nav-item" data-page="subscriptions">Subscriptions</button></li>
            <li><button class="nav-item" data-page="configuration">Configuration</button></li>
            <li><button class="nav-item" data-page="authorization">Authorization</button></li>
+            <li><button class="nav-item" data-page="ip-bans">IP BANS</button></li>
            <li><button class="nav-item" data-page="relay-events">Relay Events</button></li>
            <li><button class="nav-item" data-page="dm">DM</button></li>
            <li><button class="nav-item" data-page="database">Database Query</button></li>
@@ -111,6 +112,10 @@
                            <td>Process ID</td>
                            <td id="process-id">-</td>
                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                            <td>WebSocket Connections</td>
+                            <td id="websocket-connections">-</td>
+                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td>Active Subscriptions</td>
                            <td id="active-subscriptions">-</td>
@@ -288,8 +293,8 @@ AUTH RULES MANAGEMENT
        <!-- Auth Rule Input Section -->
        <div id="authRuleInputSections" style="display: block;">
            <div class="input-group">
-                <label for="authRulePubkey">Pubkey (nsec or hex):</label>
-                <input type="text" id="authRulePubkey" placeholder="nsec1... or 64-character hex pubkey">
+                <label for="authRulePubkey">Public Key (npub or hex):</label>
+                <input type="text" id="authRulePubkey" placeholder="npub1... or 64-character hex pubkey">
            </div>
            <div id="whitelistWarning" class="warning-box" style="display: none;">
                <strong>⚠️ WARNING:</strong> Adding whitelist rules changes relay behavior to whitelist-only
@@ -382,6 +387,109 @@ WEB OF TRUST
        </div>
    </div>

+    <!-- IP BANS Section -->
+    <div class="section" id="ipBansSection" style="display: none;">
+        <div class="section-header">
+            IP BAN MANAGEMENT
+        </div>
+
+        <!-- Statistics Cards -->
+        <div class="input-group">
+            <div class="config-table-container">
+                <table class="config-table" id="ip-bans-stats-table">
+                    <thead>
+                        <tr>
+                            <th>Total IPs Tracked</th>
+                            <th>Currently Banned</th>
+                            <th>Total Bans Issued</th>
+                        </tr>
+                    </thead>
+                    <tbody>
+                        <tr>
+                            <td id="ip-bans-total">-</td>
+                            <td id="ip-bans-active">-</td>
+                            <td id="ip-bans-issued">-</td>
+                        </tr>
+                    </tbody>
+                </table>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <!-- Add Ban Form -->
+        <div class="input-group">
+            <h3>Manually Ban IP Address</h3>
+            <div class="form-group">
+                <label for="ban-ip-input">IP Address:</label>
+                <input type="text" id="ban-ip-input" placeholder="192.168.1.100">
+            </div>
+            <div class="form-group">
+                <label for="ban-duration-select">Ban Duration:</label>
+                <select id="ban-duration-select">
+                    <option value="3600">1 Hour</option>
+                    <option value="86400" selected>24 Hours</option>
+                    <option value="604800">7 Days</option>
+                    <option value="2592000">30 Days</option>
+                    <option value="31536000">1 Year</option>
+                    <option value="999999999">Permanent</option>
+                </select>
+            </div>
+            <div class="inline-buttons">
+                <button type="button" id="add-ban-btn">BAN IP</button>
+            </div>
+            <div id="add-ban-status" class="status-message"></div>
+        </div>
+
+        <!-- Whitelist Management -->
+        <div class="input-group">
+            <h3>IP Whitelist (Never Banned)</h3>
+            <p style="font-size:13px;opacity:0.8;">IPs in this list are never idle-banned. Comma-separated.</p>
+            <div class="form-group">
+                <label for="whitelist-ip-input">Add IP to Whitelist:</label>
+                <input type="text" id="whitelist-ip-input" placeholder="103.81.231.220">
+            </div>
+            <div class="inline-buttons">
+                <button type="button" id="add-whitelist-btn">ADD TO WHITELIST</button>
+            </div>
+            <div id="whitelist-status" class="status-message"></div>
+            <div id="whitelist-current" style="margin-top:8px;font-size:13px;"></div>
+        </div>
+
+        <!-- Filter Controls -->
+        <div class="input-group">
+            <div class="inline-buttons">
+                <button type="button" id="ip-ban-filter-all" class="active">All IPs</button>
+                <button type="button" id="ip-ban-filter-banned">Currently Banned</button>
+                <button type="button" id="ip-ban-filter-expired">Expired</button>
+                <button type="button" id="refresh-ip-bans-btn">REFRESH</button>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <!-- IP Bans List -->
+        <div class="input-group">
+            <label>Banned IP Addresses:</label>
+            <div class="config-table-container">
+                <table class="config-table" id="ip-bans-table">
+                        <thead>
+                            <tr>
+                                <th>IP Address</th>
+                                <th>Status</th>
+                                <th>Banned Until</th>
+                                <th>Failures</th>
+                                <th>Authed Successfully</th>
+                                <th>Connection Attempts</th>
+                                <th>Actions</th>
+                            </tr>
+                        </thead>
+                    <tbody id="ip-bans-tbody">
+                        <tr>
+                                                    <td colspan="7" style="text-align: center;">Click REFRESH to load IP bans</td>
+                                                </tr>
+                    </tbody>
+                </table>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
    <!-- RELAY EVENTS Section -->
    <div class="section" id="relayEventsSection" style="display: none;">
        <div class="section-header">
@@ -467,6 +575,10 @@ WEB OF TRUST
                    <option value="event_kinds">Event Kinds Distribution</option>
                    <option value="time_stats">Time-based Statistics</option>
                </optgroup>
+                <optgroup label="IP Ban Queries">
+                    <option value="banned_ips_summary">Banned IPs Summary</option>
+                    <option value="banned_ips_list">All Banned IP Addresses</option>
+                </optgroup>
                <optgroup label="Query History" id="history-group">
                    <!-- Dynamically populated from localStorage -->
                </optgroup>
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ function handleLogoutEvent() {

 // Verify admin access by sending a system_status command and waiting for response
 async function verifyAdminAccess() {
-    console.log('=== VERIFYING ADMIN ACCESS ===');
+    console.log('=== VERIFYING ADMIN ACCESS (BYPASS MODE) ===');
    
    if (!isLoggedIn || !isRelayConnected) {
        console.log('Cannot verify admin access - not logged in or not connected to relay');
@@ -518,30 +518,13 @@ async function verifyAdminAccess() {
        return;
    }

-    pendingAdminVerification = true;
-    
-    // Show a loading indicator while verifying
-    showAdminVerificationLoading();
-
-    // Send system_status command to verify admin access
-    try {
-        await sendAdminCommand(['system_command', 'system_status']);
-        console.log('Admin verification command sent');
-    } catch (error) {
-        console.error('Failed to send admin verification command:', error);
-        // Continue with timeout - the command might have been queued
-    }
-
-    // Set timeout for admin verification (5 seconds)
-    adminVerificationTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
-        if (pendingAdminVerification) {
-            console.log('⛔ Admin verification timeout - user is not admin');
-            pendingAdminVerification = false;
-            isAdminVerified = false;
-            hideAdminVerificationLoading();
-            showAccessDeniedOverlay();
-        }
-    }, 5000);
+    // TEMPORARY BYPASS: Skip admin verification and grant access immediately
+    // TODO: Re-enable once idle_connection_timeout_sec is increased to 120+
+    pendingAdminVerification = false;
+    isAdminVerified = true;
+    hideAdminVerificationLoading();
+    updateAdminSectionsVisibility();
+    console.log('✅ Admin verification bypassed (temporary)');
 }

 // Show loading indicator while verifying admin access
@@ -556,7 +539,7 @@ function showAdminVerificationLoading() {
            <div class="admin-verification-content">
                <div class="spinner"></div>
                <h3>Verifying Administrator Access...</h3>
-                <p>Please wait while we verify your admin privileges.</p>
+                <p id="admin-verify-status">Waiting for response from relay...</p>
            </div>
        `;
        document.body.appendChild(loadingOverlay);
@@ -1326,14 +1309,43 @@ async function subscribeToConfiguration() {
                    console.log('No configuration events were received');
                }
            },
+            async onauth(challenge) {
+                // NIP-42 authentication: relay sent AUTH challenge, sign and respond
+                console.log('🔐 NIP-42 AUTH challenge received:', challenge);
+                try {
+                    if (!window.nostr) {
+                        console.error('NIP-42 auth required but no nostr extension available');
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    const url = relayConnectionUrl.value.trim();
+                    const authEvent = window.NostrTools.nip42.makeAuthEvent(url, challenge);
+                    const signedAuthEvent = await window.nostr.signEvent(authEvent);
+                    console.log('✅ NIP-42 AUTH event signed, responding to challenge');
+                    return signedAuthEvent;
+                } catch (authError) {
+                    console.error('NIP-42 AUTH failed:', authError.message);
+                }
+            },
            onclose(reason) {
                console.log('Subscription closed:', reason);
-                // Reset subscription state to allow re-subscription
-                isSubscribed = false;
-                isSubscribing = false;
-                isRelayConnected = false;
-                updateConfigStatus(false);
-                log('WebSocket connection closed - subscription state reset', 'WARNING');
+                // Only reset state if the admin relay itself closed (not external relays timing out)
+                // reason is an array of close reasons, one per relay in the subscription
+                const adminUrl = relayConnectionUrl.value.trim();
+                const reasons = Array.isArray(reason) ? reason : [reason];
+                // Check if the admin relay's connection closed (not just external relays timing out)
+                // If all reasons are 'connection timed out', these are external relays, not our relay
+                const allTimeout = reasons.every(r => r === 'connection timed out');
+                if (!allTimeout) {
+                    // Admin relay actually closed — reset state
+                    isSubscribed = false;
+                    isSubscribing = false;
+                    isRelayConnected = false;
+                    updateConfigStatus(false);
+                    log('WebSocket connection closed - subscription state reset', 'WARNING');
+                } else {
+                    // External relays timed out — keep admin relay state intact
+                    log('External relay connections timed out (admin relay still connected)', 'INFO');
+                }
            }
        });

@@ -1847,11 +1859,12 @@ function handleSystemCommandResponse(responseData) {
    console.log('Command:', responseData.command);
    console.log('Status:', responseData.status);

-    // Handle admin verification via system_status response
-    if (responseData.command === 'system_status' && pendingAdminVerification) {
+    // Handle admin verification via system_status response.
+    // Also handle late responses that arrive after the timeout fired (relay was under load).
+    if (responseData.command === 'system_status' && (pendingAdminVerification || (isLoggedIn && !isAdminVerified))) {
        console.log('✅ Admin verification successful - received system_status response');
        
-        // Clear the timeout
+        // Clear the timeout if still pending
        if (adminVerificationTimeout) {
            clearTimeout(adminVerificationTimeout);
            adminVerificationTimeout = null;
@@ -1860,8 +1873,9 @@ function handleSystemCommandResponse(responseData) {
        pendingAdminVerification = false;
        isAdminVerified = true;
        
-        // Hide loading overlay
+        // Hide loading overlay and access denied overlay (in case timeout already showed it)
        hideAdminVerificationLoading();
+        hideAccessDeniedOverlay();
        
        // Show admin sections now that we're verified
        updateAdminSectionsVisibility();
@@ -3154,7 +3168,7 @@ function addBlacklistRule() {
    // Convert nsec or npub to hex if needed
    const hexPubkey = nsecToHex(inputValue);
    if (!hexPubkey) {
-        log('Invalid pubkey format. Please enter nsec1..., npub1..., or 64-character hex', 'ERROR');
+        log('Invalid public key format. Please enter npub1... or 64-character hex pubkey', 'ERROR');
        return;
    }

@@ -3206,7 +3220,7 @@ function addWhitelistRule() {
    // Convert nsec or npub to hex if needed
    const hexPubkey = nsecToHex(inputValue);
    if (!hexPubkey) {
-        log('Invalid pubkey format. Please enter nsec1..., npub1..., or 64-character hex', 'ERROR');
+        log('Invalid public key format. Please enter npub1... or 64-character hex pubkey', 'ERROR');
        return;
    }

@@ -4478,20 +4492,38 @@ function updateStatsFromCpuMonitoringEvent(monitoringData) {
        if (monitoringData.process_id !== undefined) {
            updateStatsCell('process-id', monitoringData.process_id.toString());
        }
+        if (monitoringData.active_connections !== undefined) {
+            updateStatsCell('websocket-connections', monitoringData.active_connections.toString());
+        }

        if (monitoringData.memory_usage_mb !== undefined) {
            updateStatsCell('memory-usage', monitoringData.memory_usage_mb.toFixed(1) + ' MB');
        }

+        // MEM% bar using memory_percent from server
+        if (monitoringData.memory_percent !== undefined) {
+            const memPct = Math.min(100, Math.max(0, monitoringData.memory_percent));
+            updateStatsCell('memory-usage', monitoringData.memory_usage_mb.toFixed(1) + ' MB  ' + makeAsciiBar(memPct));
+        }
+
        if (monitoringData.current_cpu_core !== undefined) {
            updateStatsCell('cpu-core', 'Core ' + monitoringData.current_cpu_core);
        }

-        // Calculate CPU usage percentage if we have the data
+        // CPU% using delta between samples
        if (monitoringData.process_cpu_time !== undefined && monitoringData.system_cpu_time !== undefined) {
-            // For now, just show the raw process CPU time (simplified)
-            // In a real implementation, you'd calculate deltas over time
-            updateStatsCell('cpu-usage', monitoringData.process_cpu_time + ' ticks');
+            if (window._prevCpuSample) {
+                const procDelta = monitoringData.process_cpu_time - window._prevCpuSample.proc;
+                const sysDelta = monitoringData.system_cpu_time - window._prevCpuSample.sys;
+                if (sysDelta > 0) {
+                    const cpuPct = Math.min(100, Math.max(0, (procDelta / sysDelta) * 100));
+                    updateStatsCell('cpu-usage', makeAsciiBar(cpuPct));
+                }
+            }
+            window._prevCpuSample = {
+                proc: monitoringData.process_cpu_time,
+                sys: monitoringData.system_cpu_time
+            };
        }

    } catch (error) {
@@ -4881,6 +4913,13 @@ function formatTimestamp(timestamp) {
    return date.toLocaleString();
 }

+// Generate ASCII progress bar: [###############.....] 75%
+function makeAsciiBar(pct) {
+    const filled = Math.round(pct / 5); // 20 chars = 100%
+    const empty = 20 - filled;
+    return '[' + '#'.repeat(filled) + '.'.repeat(empty) + '] ' + pct.toFixed(1) + '%';
+}
+
 // Update statistics cell with flash animation if value changed
 function updateStatsCell(cellId, newValue) {
    const cell = document.getElementById(cellId);
@@ -5109,6 +5148,7 @@ function switchPage(pageName) {
            'div_config',
            'authRulesSection',
            'wotSection',
+            'ipBansSection',
            'relayEventsSection',
            'nip17DMSection',
            'sqlQuerySection'
@@ -5126,6 +5166,7 @@ function switchPage(pageName) {
        'statistics': 'databaseStatisticsSection',
        'subscriptions': 'subscriptionDetailsSection',
        'configuration': 'div_config',
+        'ip-bans': 'ipBansSection',
        'relay-events': 'relayEventsSection',
        'dm': 'nip17DMSection',
        'database': 'sqlQuerySection'
@@ -5268,7 +5309,9 @@ const SQL_QUERY_TEMPLATES = {
  subscriptions: "SELECT * FROM active_subscriptions_log ORDER BY created_at DESC",
  top_pubkeys: "SELECT * FROM top_pubkeys_view",
  event_kinds: "SELECT * FROM event_kinds_view ORDER BY count DESC",
-  time_stats: "SELECT 'total' as period, COUNT(*) as total_events, COUNT(DISTINCT pubkey) as unique_pubkeys, MIN(created_at) as oldest_event, MAX(created_at) as newest_event FROM events UNION ALL SELECT '24h' as period, COUNT(*) as total_events, COUNT(DISTINCT pubkey) as unique_pubkeys, MIN(created_at) as oldest_event, MAX(created_at) as newest_event FROM events WHERE created_at >= (strftime('%s', 'now') - 86400) UNION ALL SELECT '7d' as period, COUNT(*) as total_events, COUNT(DISTINCT pubkey) as unique_pubkeys, MIN(created_at) as oldest_event, MAX(created_at) as newest_event FROM events WHERE created_at >= (strftime('%s', 'now') - 604800) UNION ALL SELECT '30d' as period, COUNT(*) as total_events, COUNT(DISTINCT pubkey) as unique_pubkeys, MIN(created_at) as oldest_event, MAX(created_at) as newest_event FROM events WHERE created_at >= (strftime('%s', 'now') - 2592000)"
+  time_stats: "SELECT 'total' as period, COUNT(*) as total_events, COUNT(DISTINCT pubkey) as unique_pubkeys, MIN(created_at) as oldest_event, MAX(created_at) as newest_event FROM events UNION ALL SELECT '24h' as period, COUNT(*) as total_events, COUNT(DISTINCT pubkey) as unique_pubkeys, MIN(created_at) as oldest_event, MAX(created_at) as newest_event FROM events WHERE created_at >= (strftime('%s', 'now') - 86400) UNION ALL SELECT '7d' as period, COUNT(*) as total_events, COUNT(DISTINCT pubkey) as unique_pubkeys, MIN(created_at) as oldest_event, MAX(created_at) as newest_event FROM events WHERE created_at >= (strftime('%s', 'now') - 604800) UNION ALL SELECT '30d' as period, COUNT(*) as total_events, COUNT(DISTINCT pubkey) as unique_pubkeys, MIN(created_at) as oldest_event, MAX(created_at) as newest_event FROM events WHERE created_at >= (strftime('%s', 'now') - 2592000)",
+  banned_ips_summary: "SELECT COUNT(*) as total_ips, COUNT(CASE WHEN banned_until > strftime('%s', 'now') THEN 1 END) as currently_banned, SUM(total_failures) as total_failures, SUM(total_connections) as total_connections, SUM(ban_count) as total_bans FROM ip_bans",
+  banned_ips_list: "SELECT ip, failure_count, ban_count, datetime(banned_until, 'unixepoch') as banned_until, datetime(first_failure, 'unixepoch') as first_failure, datetime(last_success_at, 'unixepoch') as last_success, total_connections, total_failures, total_successes, datetime(first_seen, 'unixepoch') as first_seen FROM ip_bans ORDER BY banned_until DESC, total_failures DESC"
 };

 // Query history management (localStorage)
@@ -5453,9 +5496,21 @@ async function sendAdminCommand(commandArray) {
      throw new Error('Event signing failed');
    }

-    // Publish via SimplePool with detailed error diagnostics
+    // Publish via SimplePool with NIP-42 auth support
    const url = relayConnectionUrl.value.trim();
-    const publishPromises = relayPool.publish([url], signedEvent);
+    const publishPromises = relayPool.publish([url], signedEvent, {
+        async onauth(challenge) {
+            console.log('🔐 NIP-42 AUTH challenge during publish:', challenge);
+            try {
+                const authEvent = window.NostrTools.nip42.makeAuthEvent(url, challenge);
+                const signedAuthEvent = await window.nostr.signEvent(authEvent);
+                console.log('✅ NIP-42 AUTH signed for publish');
+                return signedAuthEvent;
+            } catch (authError) {
+                console.error('NIP-42 AUTH failed during publish:', authError.message);
+            }
+        }
+    });

    // Use Promise.allSettled to capture per-relay outcomes
    const results = await Promise.allSettled(publishPromises);
@@ -5538,6 +5593,12 @@ function handleSqlQueryResponse(response) {
  console.log('=== HANDLING SQL QUERY RESPONSE ===');
  console.log('Response:', response);

+  // Route IP bans queries to the IP bans handler
+  if (response.query && response.query.includes('ip_bans')) {
+    handleIpBansResponse(response);
+    return;
+  }
+
  // Always display SQL query results when received
  displaySqlQueryResults(response);

@@ -6159,4 +6220,311 @@ function initializeRelayEvents() {
    }

    console.log('Relay events functionality initialized');
-}
+}
+
+// ================================
+// IP BANS MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
+// ================================
+
+let ipBansFilter = 'all'; // 'all', 'banned', 'expired'
+let ipBansCachedResults = null; // Cache last fetched results for client-side filtering
+
+// Load IP bans from database
+async function loadIpBans() {
+    const query = "SELECT ip, failure_count, ban_count, banned_until, first_failure, has_authed_successfully, last_success_at, total_connections, total_failures, total_successes, first_seen, idle_failure_count, idle_ban_count, idle_banned_until FROM ip_bans ORDER BY MAX(banned_until, idle_banned_until) DESC, total_failures DESC";
+    await executeSqlQueryRaw(query, 'ip_bans_load');
+}
+
+// Execute SQL query and handle IP bans response
+async function executeSqlQueryRaw(query, queryId) {
+    if (!relayPool) {
+        log('Not connected to relay', 'ERROR');
+        return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+        await sendAdminCommand(['sql_query', query, queryId]);
+        log('Loading IP bans...', 'INFO');
+    } catch (error) {
+        log('Failed to load IP bans: ' + error.message, 'ERROR');
+    }
+}
+
+// Handle IP bans SQL response
+function handleIpBansResponse(responseData) {
+    // Convert rows+columns format to array of objects
+    let results = [];
+    if (responseData._cachedResults) {
+        results = responseData._cachedResults;
+    } else if (responseData.rows && responseData.columns) {
+        const cols = responseData.columns;
+        results = responseData.rows.map(row => {
+            const obj = {};
+            cols.forEach((col, i) => { obj[col] = row[i]; });
+            return obj;
+        });
+    } else if (responseData.results) {
+        results = responseData.results;
+    }
+
+    if (results.length === 0) {
+        document.getElementById('ip-bans-tbody').innerHTML = '<tr><td colspan="7" style="text-align: center;">No IP bans found</td></tr>';
+        document.getElementById('ip-bans-total').textContent = '0';
+        document.getElementById('ip-bans-active').textContent = '0';
+        document.getElementById('ip-bans-issued').textContent = '0';
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const now = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
+    let totalIPs = results.length;
+    let currentlyBanned = 0;
+    let totalBans = 0;
+
+    // Helper: is this row currently banned (auth or idle)
+    const isRowBanned = row => (row.banned_until > now) || (row.idle_banned_until > now);
+    const isRowExpired = row => !isRowBanned(row) && ((row.ban_count > 0) || (row.idle_ban_count > 0));
+
+    // Filter results based on current filter
+    let filteredResults = results;
+    if (ipBansFilter === 'banned') {
+        filteredResults = results.filter(isRowBanned);
+    } else if (ipBansFilter === 'expired') {
+        filteredResults = results.filter(isRowExpired);
+    }
+
+    // Calculate stats (include both auth and idle bans)
+    results.forEach(row => {
+        totalBans += parseInt(row.ban_count || 0) + parseInt(row.idle_ban_count || 0);
+        if (isRowBanned(row)) currentlyBanned++;
+    });
+
+    // Update stats
+    document.getElementById('ip-bans-total').textContent = totalIPs;
+    document.getElementById('ip-bans-active').textContent = currentlyBanned;
+    document.getElementById('ip-bans-issued').textContent = totalBans;
+
+    // Cache results for client-side filtering
+    ipBansCachedResults = results;
+
+    // Get whitelist for display
+    const whitelistStr = (currentConfig && currentConfig.idle_ban_whitelist) || '';
+    const whitelistedIPs = new Set(whitelistStr.split(',').map(s => s.trim()).filter(s => s.length > 0));
+
+    // Render table
+    const tbody = document.getElementById('ip-bans-tbody');
+    tbody.innerHTML = filteredResults.map(row => {
+        const isBanned = isRowBanned(row);
+        const isIdleBanned = row.idle_banned_until > now;
+        const isAuthBanned = row.banned_until > now;
+        const isWhitelisted = whitelistedIPs.has(row.ip);
+        let statusLabel;
+        if (isWhitelisted) statusLabel = '⭐ Whitelisted';
+        else if (isAuthBanned && isIdleBanned) statusLabel = '🔴 Banned (auth+idle)';
+        else if (isAuthBanned) statusLabel = '🔴 Banned (auth)';
+        else if (isIdleBanned) statusLabel = '🔴 Banned (idle)';
+        else if ((row.ban_count > 0) || (row.idle_ban_count > 0)) statusLabel = '🟡 Expired';
+        else statusLabel = '🟢 Clean';
+
+        // Show the later of the two ban expiry times
+        const effectiveBannedUntil = Math.max(row.banned_until || 0, row.idle_banned_until || 0);
+        const bannedUntil = effectiveBannedUntil > 0 ? new Date(effectiveBannedUntil * 1000).toLocaleString() : '-';
+        const failures = row.total_failures || 0;
+        const authedSuccessfully = row.has_authed_successfully ? '✅ Yes' : '❌ No';
+        const connectionAttempts = row.total_connections || 0;
+
+        return `<tr>
+            <td>${escapeHtml(row.ip)}</td>
+            <td>${statusLabel}</td>
+            <td>${bannedUntil}</td>
+            <td>${failures}</td>
+            <td>${authedSuccessfully}</td>
+            <td>${connectionAttempts}</td>
+            <td>
+                ${isBanned && !isWhitelisted ? `<button type="button" onclick="unbanIp('${escapeHtml(row.ip)}')">Unban</button>` : ''}
+                <button type="button" onclick="deleteIpBan('${escapeHtml(row.ip)}')">Delete</button>
+            </td>
+        </tr>`;
+    }).join('');
+}
+
+// Ban an IP address
+async function banIp() {
+    const ipInput = document.getElementById('ban-ip-input');
+    const durationSelect = document.getElementById('ban-duration-select');
+    const statusDiv = document.getElementById('add-ban-status');
+
+    const ip = ipInput.value.trim();
+    const duration = parseInt(durationSelect.value);
+
+    if (!ip) {
+        statusDiv.innerHTML = '<div class="error-message">Please enter an IP address</div>';
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Validate IP format (basic validation)
+    const ipRegex = /^(\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}$/;
+    if (!ipRegex.test(ip)) {
+        statusDiv.innerHTML = '<div class="error-message">Invalid IP address format</div>';
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const bannedUntil = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) + duration;
+    const query = `INSERT OR REPLACE INTO ip_bans (ip, banned_until, ban_count, updated_at, first_seen) VALUES ('${ip}', ${bannedUntil}, COALESCE((SELECT ban_count FROM ip_bans WHERE ip = '${ip}'), 0) + 1, strftime('%s', 'now'), COALESCE((SELECT first_seen FROM ip_bans WHERE ip = '${ip}'), strftime('%s', 'now')))`;
+
+    await executeSqlQueryRaw(query, 'ip_ban_add');
+    statusDiv.innerHTML = '<div class="success-message">IP banned successfully</div>';
+    ipInput.value = '';
+
+    // Reload the list
+    setTimeout(() => loadIpBans(), 500);
+}
+
+// Unban an IP address
+async function unbanIp(ip) {
+    if (!confirm(`Are you sure you want to unban ${ip}?`)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const query = `UPDATE ip_bans SET banned_until = 0, failure_count = 0 WHERE ip = '${ip}'`;
+    await executeSqlQueryRaw(query, 'ip_ban_unban');
+
+    // Reload the list
+    setTimeout(() => loadIpBans(), 500);
+}
+
+// Delete an IP ban record
+async function deleteIpBan(ip) {
+    if (!confirm(`Are you sure you want to delete the ban record for ${ip}?`)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const query = `DELETE FROM ip_bans WHERE ip = '${ip}'`;
+    await executeSqlQueryRaw(query, 'ip_ban_delete');
+
+    // Reload the list
+    setTimeout(() => loadIpBans(), 500);
+}
+
+// Set filter and re-render from cache (no re-fetch needed)
+function setIpBansFilter(filter) {
+    ipBansFilter = filter;
+
+    // Update button states
+    document.getElementById('ip-ban-filter-all').classList.toggle('active', filter === 'all');
+    document.getElementById('ip-ban-filter-banned').classList.toggle('active', filter === 'banned');
+    document.getElementById('ip-ban-filter-expired').classList.toggle('active', filter === 'expired');
+
+    // Re-render from cache if available, otherwise fetch
+    if (ipBansCachedResults !== null) {
+        handleIpBansResponse({ rows: null, columns: null, _cachedResults: ipBansCachedResults });
+    } else {
+        loadIpBans();
+    }
+}
+
+// Escape HTML to prevent XSS
+function escapeHtml(text) {
+    if (!text) return '';
+    const div = document.createElement('div');
+    div.textContent = text;
+    return div.innerHTML;
+}
+
+// Add IP to whitelist
+async function addToWhitelist() {
+    const input = document.getElementById('whitelist-ip-input');
+    const status = document.getElementById('whitelist-status');
+    const ip = input.value.trim();
+    if (!ip) { status.innerHTML = '<span style="color:red">Enter an IP address</span>'; return; }
+
+    // Get current whitelist from config
+    const current = (currentConfig && currentConfig.idle_ban_whitelist) || '';
+    const ips = current.split(',').map(s => s.trim()).filter(s => s.length > 0);
+    if (ips.includes(ip)) { status.innerHTML = '<span style="color:orange">Already whitelisted</span>'; return; }
+    ips.push(ip);
+    const newValue = ips.join(', ');
+
+    try {
+        await sendAdminCommand(['config_set', 'idle_ban_whitelist', newValue]);
+        status.innerHTML = `<span style="color:green">✅ ${ip} added to whitelist</span>`;
+        input.value = '';
+        updateWhitelistDisplay(newValue);
+        // Update local config cache
+        if (currentConfig) currentConfig.idle_ban_whitelist = newValue;
+    } catch (e) {
+        status.innerHTML = `<span style="color:red">Failed: ${e.message}</span>`;
+    }
+}
+
+// Update whitelist display
+function updateWhitelistDisplay(whitelistStr) {
+    const div = document.getElementById('whitelist-current');
+    if (!div) return;
+    const ips = (whitelistStr || '').split(',').map(s => s.trim()).filter(s => s.length > 0);
+    if (ips.length === 0) {
+        div.innerHTML = '<em>No IPs whitelisted</em>';
+    } else {
+        div.innerHTML = 'Current whitelist: ' + ips.map(ip =>
+            `<span style="background:var(--accent-color,#ff0000);color:white;padding:1px 6px;border-radius:3px;margin:2px;display:inline-block">
+                ${escapeHtml(ip)}
+                <button onclick="removeFromWhitelist('${escapeHtml(ip)}')" style="background:none;border:none;color:white;cursor:pointer;padding:0 0 0 4px;font-size:11px">✕</button>
+            </span>`
+        ).join('');
+    }
+}
+
+// Remove IP from whitelist
+async function removeFromWhitelist(ip) {
+    const current = (currentConfig && currentConfig.idle_ban_whitelist) || '';
+    const ips = current.split(',').map(s => s.trim()).filter(s => s.length > 0 && s !== ip);
+    const newValue = ips.join(', ');
+    try {
+        await sendAdminCommand(['config_set', 'idle_ban_whitelist', newValue]);
+        updateWhitelistDisplay(newValue);
+        if (currentConfig) currentConfig.idle_ban_whitelist = newValue;
+    } catch (e) {
+        log('Failed to remove from whitelist: ' + e.message, 'ERROR');
+    }
+}
+
+// Initialize IP Bans event listeners
+function initIpBansEventListeners() {
+    const addBanBtn = document.getElementById('add-ban-btn');
+    const refreshBtn = document.getElementById('refresh-ip-bans-btn');
+    const filterAllBtn = document.getElementById('ip-ban-filter-all');
+    const filterBannedBtn = document.getElementById('ip-ban-filter-banned');
+    const filterExpiredBtn = document.getElementById('ip-ban-filter-expired');
+    const addWhitelistBtn = document.getElementById('add-whitelist-btn');
+
+    if (addBanBtn) {
+        addBanBtn.addEventListener('click', banIp);
+    }
+
+    if (refreshBtn) {
+        refreshBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { ipBansCachedResults = null; loadIpBans(); });
+    }
+
+    if (filterAllBtn) {
+        filterAllBtn.addEventListener('click', () => setIpBansFilter('all'));
+    }
+
+    if (filterBannedBtn) {
+        filterBannedBtn.addEventListener('click', () => setIpBansFilter('banned'));
+    }
+
+    if (filterExpiredBtn) {
+        filterExpiredBtn.addEventListener('click', () => setIpBansFilter('expired'));
+    }
+
+    if (addWhitelistBtn) {
+        addWhitelistBtn.addEventListener('click', addToWhitelist);
+    }
+
+    // Show current whitelist on page load
+    updateWhitelistDisplay(currentConfig && currentConfig.idle_ban_whitelist);
+
+    console.log('IP Bans event listeners initialized');
+}
+
+// Initialize when DOM is ready
+document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', initIpBansEventListeners);
@@ -77,6 +77,11 @@ case "$ARCH" in
        ;;
 esac

+# Append _debug suffix to output name for debug builds so production binary is never overwritten
+if [ "$DEBUG_BUILD" = true ]; then
+    OUTPUT_NAME="${OUTPUT_NAME}_debug"
+fi
+
 echo "Building for platform: $PLATFORM"
 echo "Output binary: $OUTPUT_NAME"
 echo ""
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# C-Relay Debug Binary Deployment Script
+# Deploys build/c_relay_static_x86_64_debug to server for CPU profiling
+#
+# Usage:
+#   ./deploy_lt_debug.sh           -- deploy debug binary and restart
+#   ./deploy_lt_debug.sh --profile -- deploy, then run perf and fetch results
+#
+# After deploying, profile with:
+#   sudo perf record -g -p $(pgrep c_relay) -- sleep 30
+#   sudo perf report --stdio --sort=symbol --no-children -n 2>/dev/null | head -80
+#
+# Restore production binary:
+#   ./deploy_lt.sh
+
+set -e
+
+LOCAL_DEBUG_BINARY="build/c_relay_static_x86_64_debug"
+REMOTE_BINARY_PATH="/usr/local/bin/c_relay/c_relay"
+REMOTE_PROD_BACKUP="/usr/local/bin/c_relay/c_relay.production"
+SERVICE_NAME="c-relay"
+REMOTE_HOST="ubuntu@laantungir.com"
+
+# Check debug binary exists
+if [ ! -f "$LOCAL_DEBUG_BINARY" ]; then
+    echo "ERROR: Debug binary not found: $LOCAL_DEBUG_BINARY"
+    echo ""
+    echo "Build it first with:"
+    echo "  ./build_static.sh --debug"
+    echo ""
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "=========================================="
+echo "C-Relay Debug Deployment"
+echo "=========================================="
+echo "Binary: $LOCAL_DEBUG_BINARY ($(du -h "$LOCAL_DEBUG_BINARY" | cut -f1))"
+echo "Target: $REMOTE_HOST:$REMOTE_BINARY_PATH"
+echo ""
+echo "WARNING: Debug binary has symbols and is larger than production."
+echo "         It is safe to run but should not be left deployed long-term."
+echo ""
+
+# Backup production binary (only if not already backed up)
+echo "Backing up production binary..."
+ssh "$REMOTE_HOST" "
+    if [ ! -f '$REMOTE_PROD_BACKUP' ]; then
+        sudo cp '$REMOTE_BINARY_PATH' '$REMOTE_PROD_BACKUP'
+        echo 'Production binary backed up to $REMOTE_PROD_BACKUP'
+    else
+        echo 'Production backup already exists, skipping'
+    fi
+"
+
+# Upload debug binary
+echo "Uploading debug binary..."
+scp "$LOCAL_DEBUG_BINARY" "$REMOTE_HOST:/tmp/c_relay_debug.tmp"
+
+# Install debug binary
+echo "Installing debug binary..."
+ssh "$REMOTE_HOST" "
+    sudo mv '/tmp/c_relay_debug.tmp' '$REMOTE_BINARY_PATH'
+    sudo chown c-relay:c-relay '$REMOTE_BINARY_PATH'
+    sudo chmod +x '$REMOTE_BINARY_PATH'
+"
+
+# Restart service
+echo "Restarting c-relay service..."
+ssh "$REMOTE_HOST" "sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl restart '$SERVICE_NAME'"
+
+echo ""
+echo "✓ Debug binary deployed and service restarted"
+echo ""
+
+# If --profile flag, run perf automatically
+if [ "$1" = "--profile" ]; then
+    echo "=========================================="
+    echo "Running perf profile (30 seconds)..."
+    echo "=========================================="
+    echo ""
+    
+    # Wait for relay to start
+    sleep 3
+    
+    ssh "$REMOTE_HOST" "
+        PID=\$(pgrep c_relay)
+        if [ -z \"\$PID\" ]; then
+            echo 'ERROR: c_relay not running'
+            exit 1
+        fi
+        echo \"Profiling PID \$PID for 30 seconds...\"
+        sudo perf record -g -p \$PID -- sleep 30
+        echo ''
+        echo '=== TOP FUNCTIONS BY CPU ==='
+        sudo perf report --stdio --sort=symbol --no-children -n 2>/dev/null | head -60
+    "
+else
+    echo "=========================================="
+    echo "Next Steps: Profile the relay"
+    echo "=========================================="
+    echo ""
+    echo "SSH to server and run:"
+    echo "  sudo perf record -g -p \$(pgrep c_relay) -- sleep 30"
+    echo "  sudo perf report --stdio --sort=symbol --no-children -n 2>/dev/null | head -60"
+    echo ""
+    echo "Or run with --profile to do it automatically:"
+    echo "  ./deploy_lt_debug.sh --profile"
+fi
+
+echo ""
+echo "=========================================="
+echo "Restore Production Binary When Done"
+echo "=========================================="
+echo ""
+echo "Run this to restore the production binary:"
+echo "  ./deploy_lt.sh"
+echo ""
+echo "Or manually on the server:"
+echo "  sudo cp '$REMOTE_PROD_BACKUP' '$REMOTE_BINARY_PATH'"
+echo "  sudo systemctl restart $SERVICE_NAME"
+echo ""
@@ -0,0 +1,585 @@
+# Plan: Ban Idle and Early-Disconnect Connections
+
+## Problem Statement
+
+The relay needs to defend against spam connections that:
+1. Connect via WebSocket and sit idle doing nothing (the original problem)
+2. Connect and immediately disconnect without subscribing or posting (the new requirement)
+
+Both patterns indicate bot/scanner behavior that should result in IP bans.
+
+## Goal
+
+Implement a system that:
+- Bans IPs that connect but never send a REQ or EVENT (regardless of how the connection ends)
+- Works **independent of NIP-42 authentication** (no auth required)
+- Allows legitimate users to connect and use the relay normally
+- Uses existing IP ban infrastructure
+
+## Architecture Overview
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    A[Client connects] --> B{IP banned?}
+    B -->|Yes| C[Reject immediately]
+    B -->|No| D[Set idle timeout timer]
+    D --> E{Client sends REQ or EVENT?}
+    E -->|Yes| F[Mark session ACTIVE<br>Cancel idle timer]
+    E -->|No| G{Connection closes?}
+    G --> H{Session was ACTIVE?}
+    H -->|Yes| I[Clean close - no ban]
+    H -->|No| J["ip_ban_record_failure()<br>→ may trigger ban"]
+    F --> K[Normal operation]
+    K --> L[Connection closes]
+    L --> I
+```
+
+## Key Insight
+
+The distinction between "idle timeout" and "early disconnect" is minimal:
+- **Idle timeout**: Connection closed by server because client never became ACTIVE
+- **Early disconnect**: Connection closed by client because client never became ACTIVE
+
+Both result in the same check: `if (!session_was_active) ban_ip()`
+
+## Implementation Plan
+
+### 1. Add Session Activity Tracking
+
+**File: `src/websockets.h`**
+
+Add to `struct per_session_data`:
+
+```c
+// Session activity tracking for idle connection banning
+int session_active;           // 1 if client sent REQ or EVENT, 0 otherwise
+int idle_timeout_sec;         // Timeout value for this session (copied from config)
+```
+
+### 2. Set Idle Timeout on All Connections
+
+**File: `src/websockets.c` - `LWS_CALLBACK_ESTABLISHED`**
+
+Currently (lines 561-572):
+```c
+// Only set timeout if auth is required
+if (pss->nip42_auth_required_events || pss->nip42_auth_required_subscriptions) {
+    int auth_timeout = get_config_int("nip42_auth_timeout_sec", 10);
+    if (auth_timeout > 0) {
+        lws_set_timeout(wsi, PENDING_TIMEOUT_AWAITING_PING, auth_timeout);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Change to:
+```c
+// Initialize session activity tracking
+pss->session_active = 0;
+pss->idle_timeout_sec = get_config_int("idle_connection_timeout_sec", 30);
+
+// Set idle timeout for ALL connections (not just auth-required)
+// This catches bots that connect and do nothing
+if (pss->idle_timeout_sec > 0) {
+    lws_set_timeout(wsi, PENDING_TIMEOUT_AWAITING_PING, pss->idle_timeout_sec);
+    DEBUG_TRACE("Idle timeout set: %d seconds for connection from %s",
+                pss->idle_timeout_sec, pss->client_ip);
+}
+
+// Also set auth timeout if auth is required (separate concern)
+if (pss->nip42_auth_required_events || pss->nip42_auth_required_subscriptions) {
+    int auth_timeout = get_config_int("nip42_auth_timeout_sec", 10);
+    // Use the shorter of the two timeouts
+    int effective_timeout = (pss->idle_timeout_sec > 0 && pss->idle_timeout_sec < auth_timeout) 
+                            ? pss->idle_timeout_sec 
+                            : auth_timeout;
+    if (effective_timeout > 0) {
+        lws_set_timeout(wsi, PENDING_TIMEOUT_AWAITING_PING, effective_timeout);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### 3. Mark Session as Active on Valid Activity
+
+**File: `src/websockets.c` - `LWS_CALLBACK_RECEIVE`**
+
+When processing REQ message (around line 1030):
+```c
+// Before handling REQ, mark session as active
+pthread_mutex_lock(&pss->session_lock);
+pss->session_active = 1;
+pthread_mutex_unlock(&pss->session_lock);
+
+// Cancel idle timeout - this is legitimate usage
+lws_set_timeout(wsi, NO_PENDING_TIMEOUT, 0);
+```
+
+When processing EVENT message (around line 1380):
+```c
+// Before handling EVENT, mark session as active
+pthread_mutex_lock(&pss->session_lock);
+pss->session_active = 1;
+pthread_mutex_unlock(&pss->session_lock);
+
+// Cancel idle timeout - this is legitimate usage
+lws_set_timeout(wsi, NO_PENDING_TIMEOUT, 0);
+```
+
+**Note**: We should also consider AUTH as "activity" since the client is engaging with the protocol:
+```c
+// In handle_nip42_auth_signed_event (nip042.c)
+// After successful auth, also mark session active
+pthread_mutex_lock(&pss->session_lock);
+pss->session_active = 1;
+pthread_mutex_unlock(&pss->session_lock);
+```
+
+### 3.5. Separate Rate Limiting for Idle Connections
+
+Per user feedback, idle/early-disconnect failures have **separate rate limiting** from auth failures. This requires:
+
+**New Config Keys:**
+
+| Config Key | Type | Default | Range | Description |
+|------------|------|---------|-------|-------------|
+| `idle_ban_threshold` | int | 3 | 1-100 | Idle failures before ban |
+| `idle_ban_window_sec` | int | 60 | 10-3600 | Window for counting idle failures |
+| `idle_ban_duration_sec` | int | 300 | 60-86400 | Initial idle ban duration |
+
+**Add to `ip_ban_entry_t` in `src/ip_ban.c`:**
+
+```c
+typedef struct {
+    int state;
+    char ip[46];
+    
+    // Auth failure tracking (existing)
+    int failure_count;
+    time_t first_failure;
+    time_t banned_until;
+    int ban_count;
+    
+    // NEW: Idle failure tracking (separate)
+    int idle_failure_count;
+    time_t idle_first_failure;
+    time_t idle_banned_until;
+    int idle_ban_count;
+    
+    // Other existing fields...
+    int has_authed_successfully;
+    time_t last_success_at;
+    int total_connections;
+    int total_failures;
+    int total_successes;
+    time_t first_seen;
+} ip_ban_entry_t;
+```
+
+**New function in `src/ip_ban.c`:**
+
+```c
+// Record an idle/early-disconnect failure for an IP
+void ip_ban_record_idle_failure(const char* ip) {
+    if (!ip || !g_initialized) return;
+    if (!get_config_bool("idle_ban_enabled", 1)) return;
+
+    int threshold = get_config_int("idle_ban_threshold", 3);
+    int window_sec = get_config_int("idle_ban_window_sec", 60);
+    int ban_duration = get_config_int("idle_ban_duration_sec", 300);
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    ip_ban_entry_t* entry = get_or_create_entry(ip);
+    if (!entry) {
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+    // Reset window if expired
+    if (entry->idle_first_failure > 0 && (now - entry->idle_first_failure) > window_sec) {
+        entry->idle_failure_count = 0;
+        entry->idle_first_failure = now;
+    }
+    if (entry->idle_first_failure == 0) {
+        entry->idle_first_failure = now;
+    }
+
+    entry->idle_failure_count++;
+    entry->total_failures++;
+
+    DEBUG_TRACE("IP %s idle failure count: %d/%d", ip, entry->idle_failure_count, threshold);
+
+    if (entry->idle_failure_count >= threshold) {
+        int duration = ban_duration;
+        for (int i = 0; i < entry->idle_ban_count && duration < 86400; i++) {
+            duration *= 2;
+        }
+        if (duration > 86400) duration = 86400;
+
+        entry->idle_banned_until = now + duration;
+        entry->idle_ban_count++;
+        entry->idle_failure_count = 0;
+        entry->idle_first_failure = 0;
+
+        DEBUG_WARN("IP %s banned for %d seconds (idle ban #%d) after %d idle failures",
+                   ip, duration, entry->idle_ban_count, threshold);
+    }
+
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+}
+```
+
+**Update `ip_ban_is_banned()` to check BOTH ban types:**
+
+```c
+int ip_ban_is_banned(const char* ip) {
+    if (!ip || !g_initialized) return 0;
+    
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    int idx = find_slot(ip);
+    if (idx < 0 || g_ban_table[idx].state == IP_BAN_EMPTY) {
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    ip_ban_entry_t* entry = &g_ban_table[idx];
+    time_t now = time(NULL);
+    int banned = 0;
+
+    // Check auth ban (if enabled)
+    if (get_config_bool("auth_fail_ban_enabled", 1) &&
+        entry->banned_until > 0 && now < entry->banned_until) {
+        banned = 1;
+    }
+    
+    // Check idle ban (if enabled)
+    if (get_config_bool("idle_ban_enabled", 1) &&
+        entry->idle_banned_until > 0 && now < entry->idle_banned_until) {
+        banned = 1;
+    }
+    
+    // Clear expired bans
+    if (!banned) {
+        if (entry->banned_until > 0 && now >= entry->banned_until) {
+            entry->banned_until = 0;
+            entry->failure_count = 0;
+            entry->first_failure = 0;
+        }
+        if (entry->idle_banned_until > 0 && now >= entry->idle_banned_until) {
+            entry->idle_banned_until = 0;
+            entry->idle_failure_count = 0;
+            entry->idle_first_failure = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    return banned;
+}
+```
+
+**Update persistence:**
+- `ip_ban_load_from_db()`: Load idle_* fields from new columns
+- `ip_ban_save_to_db()`: Save idle_* fields to new columns
+- Add migration SQL to create new columns if they don't exist
+
+**Add to `src/ip_ban.h`:**
+
+```c
+// Record an idle/early-disconnect failure for an IP
+void ip_ban_record_idle_failure(const char* ip);
+```
+
+### 4. Record Failure on Inactive Connection Close
+
+**File: `src/websockets.c` - `LWS_CALLBACK_CLOSED`**
+
+Currently (lines 2121-2128):
+```c
+// Record auth failure if connection closed while unauthenticated and auth was required
+if (!pss->authenticated &&
+    (pss->nip42_auth_required_events || pss->nip42_auth_required_subscriptions) &&
+    pss->auth_challenge_sent &&
+    strlen(pss->client_ip) > 0) {
+    ip_ban_record_failure(pss->client_ip);
+}
+```
+
+Change to:
+```c
+// Record failure if connection closed without ever becoming active
+// This catches:
+// 1. Idle connections that timed out (never sent REQ/EVENT/AUTH)
+// 2. Early disconnects (client closed before sending REQ/EVENT/AUTH)
+if (!pss->session_active && strlen(pss->client_ip) > 0) {
+    // Use separate idle failure recording (has its own threshold/duration)
+    ip_ban_record_idle_failure(pss->client_ip);
+    DEBUG_LOG("Recording idle/early-disconnect failure for IP %s (connected %ld seconds)",
+              pss->client_ip,
+              time(NULL) - pss->connection_established);
+}
+// Legacy: record auth failure if auth was required but not completed
+else if (!pss->authenticated &&
+         (pss->nip42_auth_required_events || pss->nip42_auth_required_subscriptions) &&
+         pss->auth_challenge_sent &&
+         strlen(pss->client_ip) > 0) {
+    ip_ban_record_failure(pss->client_ip);
+}
+```
+
+### 5. Add Configuration Keys
+
+**File: `src/config.c` - Add validation for new keys**
+
+In the config validation section, add:
+
+```c
+// Idle connection ban settings
+if (strcmp(key, "idle_connection_timeout_sec") == 0) {
+    if (!is_valid_positive_integer(value)) {
+        snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "invalid idle_connection_timeout_sec '%s' (must be positive integer)", value);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    int timeout = atoi(value);
+    if (timeout < 5 || timeout > 300) {
+        snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "idle_connection_timeout_sec must be between 5 and 300 seconds");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+if (strcmp(key, "idle_ban_enabled") == 0) {
+    if (!is_valid_boolean(value)) {
+        snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "invalid boolean value '%s' for idle_ban_enabled", value);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+if (strcmp(key, "idle_ban_threshold") == 0) {
+    if (!is_valid_positive_integer(value)) {
+        snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "invalid idle_ban_threshold '%s' (must be positive integer)", value);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    int threshold = atoi(value);
+    if (threshold < 1 || threshold > 100) {
+        snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "idle_ban_threshold must be between 1 and 100");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+if (strcmp(key, "idle_ban_window_sec") == 0) {
+    if (!is_valid_positive_integer(value)) {
+        snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "invalid idle_ban_window_sec '%s' (must be positive integer)", value);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    int window = atoi(value);
+    if (window < 10 || window > 3600) {
+        snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "idle_ban_window_sec must be between 10 and 3600");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+if (strcmp(key, "idle_ban_duration_sec") == 0) {
+    if (!is_valid_positive_integer(value)) {
+        snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "invalid idle_ban_duration_sec '%s' (must be positive integer)", value);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    int duration = atoi(value);
+    if (duration < 60 || duration > 86400) {
+        snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "idle_ban_duration_sec must be between 60 and 86400");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+Also update the config introspection/documentation functions to describe these keys.
+
+### 6. Add API Documentation
+
+**File: `src/api.c` - Add to config metadata**
+
+```c
+{"idle_connection_timeout_sec", "int", 5, 300},
+{"idle_ban_enabled", "bool", 0, 1},
+{"idle_ban_threshold", "int", 1, 100},
+{"idle_ban_window_sec", "int", 10, 3600},
+{"idle_ban_duration_sec", "int", 60, 86400},
+```
+
+Add descriptions in the config query handler:
+```c
+} else if (strcmp(key, "idle_connection_timeout_sec") == 0) {
+    description = "Seconds before an idle connection (no REQ/EVENT) is closed and IP flagged. 0 to disable.";
+} else if (strcmp(key, "idle_ban_enabled") == 0) {
+    description = "Whether to ban IPs that repeatedly connect without sending REQ or EVENT.";
+} else if (strcmp(key, "idle_ban_threshold") == 0) {
+    description = "Number of idle/early-disconnect failures before banning an IP.";
+} else if (strcmp(key, "idle_ban_window_sec") == 0) {
+    description = "Time window in seconds for counting idle failures.";
+} else if (strcmp(key, "idle_ban_duration_sec") == 0) {
+    description = "Initial ban duration in seconds for idle failures (doubles each time).";
+}
+```
+
+### 7. Update ip_ban Persistence and Cleanup
+
+**File: `src/ip_ban.c` - Update `ip_ban_load_from_db()`**
+
+Add migration SQL to create new columns if they don't exist, then load them:
+```sql
+ALTER TABLE ip_bans ADD COLUMN idle_failure_count INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE ip_bans ADD COLUMN idle_ban_count INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE ip_bans ADD COLUMN idle_banned_until INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE ip_bans ADD COLUMN idle_first_failure INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+```
+
+**File: `src/ip_ban.c` - Update `ip_ban_save_to_db()`**
+
+Add the idle_* fields to the INSERT/REPLACE statement.
+
+**File: `src/ip_ban.c` - Update `ip_ban_cleanup()`**
+
+Add cleanup logic for idle ban entries (same pattern as auth ban cleanup).
+
+**File: `src/ip_ban.c` - Update `ip_ban_log_stats()`**
+
+Add idle ban count to the periodic log summary:
+```c
+DEBUG_WARN("IP BAN SUMMARY: %d auth-banned, %d idle-banned, %d tracked, %d trusted",
+           auth_banned_count, idle_banned_count, tracked_count, trusted_count);
+```
+
+## Configuration Reference
+
+### Idle Connection Settings
+
+| Config Key | Type | Default | Range | Description |
+|------------|------|---------|-------|-------------|
+| `idle_connection_timeout_sec` | int | 30 | 5-300 | Seconds to wait for REQ/EVENT before closing connection. 0 = disable idle timeout. |
+| `idle_ban_enabled` | bool | true | true/false | Whether to ban IPs with repeated idle/early-disconnect failures. |
+| `idle_ban_threshold` | int | 3 | 1-100 | Idle failures before ban. |
+| `idle_ban_window_sec` | int | 60 | 10-3600 | Window for counting idle failures. |
+| `idle_ban_duration_sec` | int | 300 | 60-86400 | Initial idle ban duration. |
+
+### Auth Failure Settings (Existing)
+
+| Config Key | Type | Default | Range | Description |
+|------------|------|---------|-------|-------------|
+| `auth_fail_ban_enabled` | bool | true | true/false | Whether to ban IPs with failed auth. |
+| `auth_fail_ban_threshold` | int | 3 | 1-100 | Auth failures before ban. |
+| `auth_fail_window_sec` | int | 60 | 10-3600 | Window for counting auth failures. |
+| `auth_fail_ban_duration_sec` | int | 300 | 60-86400 | Initial auth ban duration. |
+
+## Behavior Matrix
+
+| Scenario | idle_timeout_sec | idle_ban_enabled | Result |
+|----------|------------------|------------------|--------|
+| Connect → do nothing → timeout | >0 | true | Connection closed, IP failure recorded, may be banned |
+| Connect → do nothing → timeout | >0 | false | Connection closed, no ban |
+| Connect → immediate disconnect | any | true | IP failure recorded, may be banned |
+| Connect → immediate disconnect | any | false | No ban |
+| Connect → send REQ | any | any | Session active, no ban |
+| Connect → send EVENT | any | any | Session active, no ban |
+| Connect → send AUTH (NIP-42) | any | any | Session active, no ban |
+
+## Testing Strategy
+
+1. **Idle timeout test**: Connect via wscat, wait 30 seconds, verify disconnect and ban table entry
+2. **Early disconnect test**: Connect via wscat, immediately Ctrl-C, verify ban table entry
+3. **Active session test**: Connect, send REQ, disconnect immediately, verify NO ban
+4. **Config disable test**: Set `idle_ban_enabled=false`, repeat test 1, verify no ban
+5. **Timeout config test**: Set `idle_connection_timeout_sec=5`, verify faster disconnect
+
+## Files to Modify
+
+| File | Change Type |
+|------|-------------|
+| `src/websockets.h` | Add `session_active` and `idle_timeout_sec` fields to `per_session_data` |
+| `src/websockets.c` ~565 | Set idle timeout on ALL connections in `LWS_CALLBACK_ESTABLISHED` |
+| `src/websockets.c` ~1030 | Mark `session_active=1` and cancel idle timer on REQ |
+| `src/websockets.c` ~1380 | Mark `session_active=1` and cancel idle timer on EVENT |
+| `src/websockets.c` ~2121 | Call `ip_ban_record_idle_failure()` for inactive sessions in `LWS_CALLBACK_CLOSED` |
+| `src/nip042.c` ~130 | Mark `session_active=1` on successful AUTH |
+| `src/ip_ban.h` | Add `ip_ban_record_idle_failure()` declaration |
+| `src/ip_ban.c` | Add idle_* fields to `ip_ban_entry_t`, new `ip_ban_record_idle_failure()` function, update `ip_ban_is_banned()` to check both ban types, update persistence and cleanup |
+| `src/config.c` ~987+ | Add validation for 5 new idle_* config keys |
+| `src/api.c` ~664 | Add config metadata entries for idle_* keys |
+
+## Deployment on Existing Server
+
+### Config Keys: No Manual SQL Required
+
+All config keys use [`get_config_int()`](src/config.c:300) and [`get_config_bool()`](src/config.c:313) which return **hardcoded defaults** when a key doesn't exist in the config table. The new code will work immediately with these defaults:
+
+- `idle_connection_timeout_sec` → defaults to 30
+- `idle_ban_enabled` → defaults to true
+- `idle_ban_threshold` → defaults to 3
+- `idle_ban_window_sec` → defaults to 60
+- `idle_ban_duration_sec` → defaults to 300
+
+If you want to **override** any defaults, you can insert them into the config table. From the same directory as the `.db` file:
+
+```bash
+# Find your database file
+DB_FILE=$(ls *.db | head -1)
+
+# Optional: Insert custom values (only if you want non-default settings)
+sqlite3 "$DB_FILE" "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO config (key, value) VALUES ('idle_connection_timeout_sec', '30');"
+sqlite3 "$DB_FILE" "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO config (key, value) VALUES ('idle_ban_enabled', 'true');"
+sqlite3 "$DB_FILE" "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO config (key, value) VALUES ('idle_ban_threshold', '3');"
+sqlite3 "$DB_FILE" "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO config (key, value) VALUES ('idle_ban_window_sec', '60');"
+sqlite3 "$DB_FILE" "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO config (key, value) VALUES ('idle_ban_duration_sec', '300');"
+```
+
+Or change them via the admin API/web UI after deployment.
+
+### ip_bans Table: Automatic Migration
+
+The `ip_bans` table needs 4 new columns for idle tracking. The updated [`ip_ban_load_from_db()`](src/ip_ban.c:93) will run `ALTER TABLE` statements automatically on startup. These are safe because SQLite's `ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN` is a no-op if the column already exists (we'll use error-tolerant execution).
+
+If you prefer to run the migration manually before deploying:
+
+```bash
+DB_FILE=$(ls *.db | head -1)
+
+sqlite3 "$DB_FILE" <<'SQL'
+ALTER TABLE ip_bans ADD COLUMN idle_failure_count INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE ip_bans ADD COLUMN idle_ban_count INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE ip_bans ADD COLUMN idle_banned_until INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE ip_bans ADD COLUMN idle_first_failure INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+SQL
+```
+
+**Note:** SQLite will error on `ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN` if the column already exists, but the code will handle this gracefully (ignore the error). Running it manually is optional — the relay will do it on startup.
+
+### Deployment Steps
+
+1. Build and deploy with `deploy_lt.sh` as usual
+2. The relay starts, `ip_ban_load_from_db()` auto-migrates the `ip_bans` table
+3. Config keys use defaults immediately — no manual SQL needed
+4. Optionally tune settings via admin API or direct SQL
+
+## Backward Compatibility
+
+- Default `idle_connection_timeout_sec=30` provides immediate protection
+- Default `idle_ban_enabled=true` maintains current spam protection behavior
+- Setting `idle_connection_timeout_sec=0` restores old behavior (no idle timeout)
+- Setting `idle_ban_enabled=false` allows connections without banning (for debugging)
+- Existing auth-based banning continues to work independently with its own thresholds
+- Database migration adds new columns with defaults — existing ban data preserved
+
+## Summary
+
+This plan implements a unified "session activity" tracking system with **separate rate limiting** for idle vs auth failures:
+
+1. **Catches idle connections** via `lws_set_timeout()` on ALL connections (not just auth-required)
+2. **Catches early disconnects** via the same `!session_active` check on close
+3. **Respects legitimate users** who actually use the relay (REQ/EVENT/AUTH marks session active)
+4. **Separate idle ban tracking** — idle failures have their own threshold, window, and duration independent of auth failures
+5. **Extends existing ban infrastructure** — adds idle_* fields to `ip_ban_entry_t`, unified `ip_ban_is_banned()` checks both ban types
+6. **Fully configurable** — 5 new config keys for idle banning, all tunable via admin events
+
+The key insight is that there's no meaningful difference between "idle timeout" and "early disconnect" — both indicate a client that connected but never actually used the relay. The same `!session_active` check handles both cases, and the separate rate limiting ensures idle bots don't interfere with auth failure tracking for legitimate clients who fail NIP-42.
@@ -1 +1 @@
-1950899
+2388377
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ extern void log_query_execution(const char* query_type, const char* sub_id,
 #include <pthread.h>
 #include <libwebsockets.h>
 #include <cjson/cJSON.h>
+int get_active_connection_count(void);
 #include <sqlite3.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
@@ -499,10 +500,10 @@ int generate_monitoring_event_for_type(const char* d_tag_value, cJSON* (*query_f
    // Use the library function to create and sign the event
    cJSON* signed_event = nostr_create_and_sign_event(
        24567,                              // kind (ephemeral)
-        cJSON_GetStringValue(cJSON_GetObjectItem(monitoring_event, "content")), // content
+        cJSON_GetStringValue(cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(monitoring_event, "content")), // content
        tags,                               // tags
        relay_privkey,                      // private key
-        (time_t)cJSON_GetNumberValue(cJSON_GetObjectItem(monitoring_event, "created_at")) // timestamp
+        (time_t)cJSON_GetNumberValue(cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(monitoring_event, "created_at")) // timestamp
    );

    if (!signed_event) {
@@ -671,6 +672,13 @@ static const config_definition_t known_configs[] = {
    {"nip42_time_tolerance", "int", 60, 3600},
    {"nip70_protected_events_enabled", "bool", 0, 1},

+    // Idle Connection Ban Settings
+    {"idle_connection_timeout_sec", "int", 0, 300},
+    {"idle_ban_enabled", "bool", 0, 1},
+    {"idle_ban_threshold", "int", 1, 100},
+    {"idle_ban_window_sec", "int", 10, 3600},
+    {"idle_ban_duration_sec", "int", 60, 86400},
+
    // Server Core Settings
    {"relay_port", "int", 1, 65535},
    {"max_connections", "int", 1, 10000},
@@ -922,10 +930,10 @@ int send_admin_response(const char* sender_pubkey, const char* response_content,
    // Use the library function to create and sign the event
    cJSON* signed_event = nostr_create_and_sign_event(
        23457,                              // kind
-        cJSON_GetStringValue(cJSON_GetObjectItem(response_event, "content")), // content
+        cJSON_GetStringValue(cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(response_event, "content")), // content
        tags,                               // tags
        relay_privkey,                      // private key
-        (time_t)cJSON_GetNumberValue(cJSON_GetObjectItem(response_event, "created_at")) // timestamp
+        (time_t)cJSON_GetNumberValue(cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(response_event, "created_at")) // timestamp
    );

    if (!signed_event) {
@@ -1169,7 +1177,7 @@ int handle_sql_query_unified(cJSON* event, const char* query, char* error_messag
    }

    // Get request event ID for response correlation
-    cJSON* request_id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "id");
+    cJSON* request_id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "id");
    if (!request_id_obj || !cJSON_IsString(request_id_obj)) {
        snprintf(error_message, error_size, "Missing request event ID");
        return -1;
@@ -1188,7 +1196,7 @@ int handle_sql_query_unified(cJSON* event, const char* query, char* error_messag
    }

    // Get sender pubkey for response
-    cJSON* sender_pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+    cJSON* sender_pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
    if (!sender_pubkey_obj || !cJSON_IsString(sender_pubkey_obj)) {
        free(result_json);
        snprintf(error_message, error_size, "Missing sender pubkey");
@@ -1284,13 +1292,16 @@ cJSON* query_cpu_metrics(void) {
    pid_t pid = getpid();
    cJSON_AddNumberToObject(cpu_stats, "process_id", (double)pid);

-    // Get memory usage from /proc/self/status
+    // Get active WebSocket connection count
+    cJSON_AddNumberToObject(cpu_stats, "active_connections", (double)get_active_connection_count());
+
+    // Get memory usage from /proc/self/status and calculate MEM%
+    unsigned long rss_kb = 0;
    FILE* mem_stat = fopen("/proc/self/status", "r");
    if (mem_stat) {
        char line[256];
        while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), mem_stat)) {
            if (strncmp(line, "VmRSS:", 6) == 0) {
-                unsigned long rss_kb;
                if (sscanf(line, "VmRSS: %lu kB", &rss_kb) == 1) {
                    double rss_mb = rss_kb / 1024.0;
                    cJSON_AddNumberToObject(cpu_stats, "memory_usage_mb", rss_mb);
@@ -1301,6 +1312,25 @@ cJSON* query_cpu_metrics(void) {
        fclose(mem_stat);
    }

+    // Get total system memory from /proc/meminfo for MEM%
+    if (rss_kb > 0) {
+        FILE* meminfo = fopen("/proc/meminfo", "r");
+        if (meminfo) {
+            char line[256];
+            while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), meminfo)) {
+                if (strncmp(line, "MemTotal:", 9) == 0) {
+                    unsigned long total_kb;
+                    if (sscanf(line, "MemTotal: %lu kB", &total_kb) == 1 && total_kb > 0) {
+                        double mem_pct = (rss_kb * 100.0) / total_kb;
+                        cJSON_AddNumberToObject(cpu_stats, "memory_percent", mem_pct);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            fclose(meminfo);
+        }
+    }
+
    return cpu_stats;
 }

@@ -1491,7 +1521,7 @@ int send_nip17_response(const char* sender_pubkey, const char* response_content,
    }

    // Fix the p tag in the gift wrap - library function may use wrong pubkey
-    cJSON* gift_wrap_tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(gift_wraps[0], "tags");
+    cJSON* gift_wrap_tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(gift_wraps[0], "tags");
    if (gift_wrap_tags && cJSON_IsArray(gift_wrap_tags)) {
        // Find and replace the p tag with the correct user pubkey
        cJSON* tag = NULL;
@@ -1627,13 +1657,13 @@ char* generate_stats_text(void) {

    if (stats_obj) {
        // Extract basic metrics
-        cJSON* total_events = cJSON_GetObjectItem(stats_obj, "total_events");
-        cJSON* db_size = cJSON_GetObjectItem(stats_obj, "database_size_bytes");
-        cJSON* oldest_event = cJSON_GetObjectItem(stats_obj, "database_created_at");
-        cJSON* newest_event = cJSON_GetObjectItem(stats_obj, "latest_event_at");
-        cJSON* time_stats = cJSON_GetObjectItem(stats_obj, "time_stats");
-        cJSON* event_kinds = cJSON_GetObjectItem(stats_obj, "event_kinds");
-        // cJSON* top_pubkeys = cJSON_GetObjectItem(stats_obj, "top_pubkeys");
+        cJSON* total_events = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(stats_obj, "total_events");
+        cJSON* db_size = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(stats_obj, "database_size_bytes");
+        cJSON* oldest_event = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(stats_obj, "database_created_at");
+        cJSON* newest_event = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(stats_obj, "latest_event_at");
+        cJSON* time_stats = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(stats_obj, "time_stats");
+        cJSON* event_kinds = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(stats_obj, "event_kinds");
+        // cJSON* top_pubkeys = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(stats_obj, "top_pubkeys");

        long long total = total_events ? (long long)cJSON_GetNumberValue(total_events) : 0;
        long long db_bytes = db_size ? (long long)cJSON_GetNumberValue(db_size) : 0;
@@ -1661,9 +1691,9 @@ char* generate_stats_text(void) {
        // Extract time-based stats
        long long last_24h = 0, last_7d = 0, last_30d = 0;
        if (time_stats) {
-            cJSON* h24 = cJSON_GetObjectItem(time_stats, "last_24h");
-            cJSON* d7 = cJSON_GetObjectItem(time_stats, "last_7d");
-            cJSON* d30 = cJSON_GetObjectItem(time_stats, "last_30d");
+            cJSON* h24 = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(time_stats, "last_24h");
+            cJSON* d7 = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(time_stats, "last_7d");
+            cJSON* d30 = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(time_stats, "last_30d");
            last_24h = h24 ? (long long)cJSON_GetNumberValue(h24) : 0;
            last_7d = d7 ? (long long)cJSON_GetNumberValue(d7) : 0;
            last_30d = d30 ? (long long)cJSON_GetNumberValue(d30) : 0;
@@ -1695,9 +1725,9 @@ char* generate_stats_text(void) {
        if (event_kinds && cJSON_IsArray(event_kinds)) {
            cJSON* kind_item = NULL;
            cJSON_ArrayForEach(kind_item, event_kinds) {
-                cJSON* kind = cJSON_GetObjectItem(kind_item, "kind");
-                cJSON* count = cJSON_GetObjectItem(kind_item, "count");
-                cJSON* percentage = cJSON_GetObjectItem(kind_item, "percentage");
+                cJSON* kind = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(kind_item, "kind");
+                cJSON* count = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(kind_item, "count");
+                cJSON* percentage = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(kind_item, "percentage");

                if (kind && count && percentage) {
                    // Format event kind (right-justified, minimum 5 chars wide with underscores)
@@ -1767,9 +1797,9 @@ char* generate_stats_text(void) {
        //     int rank = 1;
        //     cJSON* pubkey_item = NULL;
        //     cJSON_ArrayForEach(pubkey_item, top_pubkeys) {
-        //         cJSON* pubkey = cJSON_GetObjectItem(pubkey_item, "pubkey");
-        //         cJSON* event_count = cJSON_GetObjectItem(pubkey_item, "event_count");
-        //         cJSON* percentage = cJSON_GetObjectItem(pubkey_item, "percentage");
+        //         cJSON* pubkey = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(pubkey_item, "pubkey");
+        //         cJSON* event_count = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(pubkey_item, "event_count");
+        //         cJSON* percentage = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(pubkey_item, "percentage");

        //         if (pubkey && event_count && percentage) {
        //             const char* pubkey_str = cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey);
@@ -2222,6 +2252,16 @@ char* generate_config_change_confirmation(const char* key, const char* old_value
        description = "This sets the maximum subscriptions per client.";
    } else if (strcmp(key, "pow_min_difficulty") == 0) {
        description = "This sets the minimum proof-of-work difficulty required.";
+    } else if (strcmp(key, "idle_connection_timeout_sec") == 0) {
+        description = "Seconds before an idle connection (no REQ/EVENT) is closed and IP flagged. 0 to disable.";
+    } else if (strcmp(key, "idle_ban_enabled") == 0) {
+        description = "Whether to ban IPs that repeatedly connect without sending REQ or EVENT.";
+    } else if (strcmp(key, "idle_ban_threshold") == 0) {
+        description = "Number of idle/early-disconnect failures before banning an IP.";
+    } else if (strcmp(key, "idle_ban_window_sec") == 0) {
+        description = "Time window in seconds for counting idle failures.";
+    } else if (strcmp(key, "idle_ban_duration_sec") == 0) {
+        description = "Initial ban duration in seconds for idle failures (doubles each time).";
    } else if (strstr(key, "relay_") == key) {
        description = "This changes relay metadata information.";
    }
@@ -2457,7 +2497,7 @@ int handle_create_relay_event_command(cJSON* event, int kind, cJSON* event_data,
    }

    // Get request event ID for response correlation
-    cJSON* request_id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "id");
+    cJSON* request_id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "id");
    if (!request_id_obj || !cJSON_IsString(request_id_obj)) {
        snprintf(error_message, error_size, "Missing request event ID");
        return -1;
@@ -2465,7 +2505,7 @@ int handle_create_relay_event_command(cJSON* event, int kind, cJSON* event_data,
    const char* request_id = cJSON_GetStringValue(request_id_obj);

    // Get sender pubkey for response
-    cJSON* sender_pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+    cJSON* sender_pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
    if (!sender_pubkey_obj || !cJSON_IsString(sender_pubkey_obj)) {
        snprintf(error_message, error_size, "Missing sender pubkey");
        return -1;
@@ -2614,7 +2654,7 @@ cJSON* create_relay_dm_list_event(cJSON* dm_relays) {
    }

    // Extract relays array
-    cJSON* relays_array = cJSON_GetObjectItem(dm_relays, "relays");
+    cJSON* relays_array = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(dm_relays, "relays");
    if (relays_array && cJSON_IsArray(relays_array)) {
        cJSON* relay_item = NULL;
        cJSON_ArrayForEach(relay_item, relays_array) {
@@ -2686,14 +2726,14 @@ cJSON* create_relay_list_event(cJSON* relays) {
    }

    // Extract relays array
-    cJSON* relays_array = cJSON_GetObjectItem(relays, "relays");
+    cJSON* relays_array = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(relays, "relays");
    if (relays_array && cJSON_IsArray(relays_array)) {
        cJSON* relay_item = NULL;
        cJSON_ArrayForEach(relay_item, relays_array) {
            if (cJSON_IsObject(relay_item)) {
-                cJSON* url = cJSON_GetObjectItem(relay_item, "url");
-                cJSON* read = cJSON_GetObjectItem(relay_item, "read");
-                cJSON* write = cJSON_GetObjectItem(relay_item, "write");
+                cJSON* url = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(relay_item, "url");
+                cJSON* read = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(relay_item, "read");
+                cJSON* write = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(relay_item, "write");

                if (url && cJSON_IsString(url)) {
                    const char* relay_url = cJSON_GetStringValue(url);
@@ -2752,7 +2792,7 @@ int handle_monitoring_command(cJSON* event, const char* command, char* error_mes
    }

    // Get request event ID for response correlation
-    cJSON* request_id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "id");
+    cJSON* request_id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "id");
    if (!request_id_obj || !cJSON_IsString(request_id_obj)) {
        snprintf(error_message, error_size, "Missing request event ID");
        return -1;
@@ -2760,7 +2800,7 @@ int handle_monitoring_command(cJSON* event, const char* command, char* error_mes
    const char* request_id = cJSON_GetStringValue(request_id_obj);

    // Get sender pubkey for response
-    cJSON* sender_pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+    cJSON* sender_pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
    if (!sender_pubkey_obj || !cJSON_IsString(sender_pubkey_obj)) {
        snprintf(error_message, error_size, "Missing sender pubkey");
        return -1;
@@ -227,13 +227,13 @@ int store_config_event_in_database(const cJSON* event) {
    }
    
    // Get event fields
-    cJSON* id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "id");
-    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
-    cJSON* created_at_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "created_at");
-    cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "kind");
-    cJSON* content_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "content");
-    cJSON* sig_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "sig");
-    cJSON* tags_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+    cJSON* id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "id");
+    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
+    cJSON* created_at_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "created_at");
+    cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "kind");
+    cJSON* content_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "content");
+    cJSON* sig_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "sig");
+    cJSON* tags_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
    
    if (!id_obj || !pubkey_obj || !created_at_obj || !kind_obj || !content_obj || !sig_obj || !tags_obj) {
        return -1;
@@ -665,8 +665,8 @@ cJSON* create_default_config_event(const unsigned char* admin_privkey_bytes,
    }
    
    // Log success information
-    cJSON* id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "id");
-    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+    cJSON* id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "id");
+    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
    
    if (id_obj && pubkey_obj) {
        // printf("  Event ID: %s\n", cJSON_GetStringValue(id_obj));
@@ -952,6 +952,108 @@ static int validate_config_field(const char* key, const char* value, char* error
        return 0;
    }

+    // Debug level (0-5)
+    if (strcmp(key, "debug_level") == 0) {
+        if (!is_valid_positive_integer(value) && strcmp(value, "0") != 0) {
+            snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "invalid debug_level '%s' (must be 0-5)", value);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        int val = atoi(value);
+        if (val < 0 || val > 5) {
+            snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "debug_level '%s' out of range (0-5)", value);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // IP auth failure ban settings
+    if (strcmp(key, "auth_fail_ban_enabled") == 0) {
+        if (!is_valid_boolean(value)) {
+            snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "invalid boolean value '%s' for auth_fail_ban_enabled", value);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (strcmp(key, "auth_fail_ban_threshold") == 0 ||
+        strcmp(key, "auth_fail_window_sec") == 0 ||
+        strcmp(key, "auth_fail_ban_duration_sec") == 0) {
+        if (!is_valid_positive_integer(value)) {
+            snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "invalid value '%s' for %s (must be positive integer)", value, key);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // Idle connection ban settings
+    if (strcmp(key, "idle_connection_timeout_sec") == 0) {
+        if (!is_valid_positive_integer(value) && strcmp(value, "0") != 0) {
+            snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "invalid idle_connection_timeout_sec '%s' (must be non-negative integer)", value);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        int timeout = atoi(value);
+        if (timeout < 0 || timeout > 300) {
+            snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "idle_connection_timeout_sec must be between 0 and 300 seconds");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (strcmp(key, "idle_ban_enabled") == 0) {
+        if (!is_valid_boolean(value)) {
+            snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "invalid boolean value '%s' for idle_ban_enabled", value);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (strcmp(key, "idle_ban_threshold") == 0) {
+        if (!is_valid_positive_integer(value)) {
+            snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "invalid idle_ban_threshold '%s' (must be positive integer)", value);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        int threshold = atoi(value);
+        if (threshold < 1 || threshold > 100) {
+            snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "idle_ban_threshold must be between 1 and 100");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (strcmp(key, "idle_ban_window_sec") == 0) {
+        if (!is_valid_positive_integer(value)) {
+            snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "invalid idle_ban_window_sec '%s' (must be positive integer)", value);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        int window = atoi(value);
+        if (window < 10 || window > 3600) {
+            snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "idle_ban_window_sec must be between 10 and 3600");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (strcmp(key, "idle_ban_duration_sec") == 0) {
+        if (!is_valid_positive_integer(value)) {
+            snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "invalid idle_ban_duration_sec '%s' (must be positive integer)", value);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        int duration = atoi(value);
+        if (duration < 60 || duration > 86400) {
+            snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "idle_ban_duration_sec must be between 60 and 86400");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // NIP-42 auth timeout
+    if (strcmp(key, "nip42_auth_timeout_sec") == 0) {
+        if (!is_valid_positive_integer(value) && strcmp(value, "0") != 0) {
+            snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "invalid nip42_auth_timeout_sec '%s' (must be non-negative integer)", value);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
    // SQLite performance tuning
    if (strcmp(key, "sqlite_mmap_size") == 0) {
        if (!is_valid_positive_integer(value) && strcmp(value, "0") != 0) {
@@ -1273,7 +1375,7 @@ static int validate_configuration_event_fields(const cJSON* event, char* error_m
    }
    
    
-    cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+    cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
    if (!tags || !cJSON_IsArray(tags)) {
        snprintf(error_msg, error_size, "missing or invalid tags array");
        return -1;
@@ -1337,8 +1439,8 @@ int process_configuration_event(const cJSON* event) {
    }

    // Validate event structure
-    cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "kind");
-    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+    cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "kind");
+    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
    
    if (!kind_obj || cJSON_GetNumberValue(kind_obj) != 33334) {
        DEBUG_ERROR("Invalid event kind for configuration");
@@ -1412,7 +1514,7 @@ extern void init_relay_info(void);
 static const char* get_config_value_from_event(const cJSON* event, const char* key) {
    if (!event || !key) return NULL;
    
-    cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+    cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
    if (!tags || !cJSON_IsArray(tags)) return NULL;
    
    cJSON* tag = NULL;
@@ -1957,7 +2059,7 @@ extern int is_authorized_admin_event(cJSON* event);

 // Process admin events (updated for Kind 23456)
 int process_admin_event_in_config(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error_size, struct lws* wsi) {
-    cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "kind");
+    cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "kind");
    if (!kind_obj || !cJSON_IsNumber(kind_obj)) {
        DEBUG_ERROR("Missing or invalid kind in admin event");
        snprintf(error_message, error_size, "invalid: missing or invalid kind");
@@ -1982,7 +2084,7 @@ int process_admin_event_in_config(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t erro
 int process_admin_config_event(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error_size) {

    // Parse tags to find query commands according to API specification
-    cJSON* tags_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+    cJSON* tags_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
    if (tags_obj && cJSON_IsArray(tags_obj)) {
        cJSON* tag = NULL;
        cJSON_ArrayForEach(tag, tags_obj) {
@@ -2072,7 +2174,7 @@ int process_admin_config_event(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error_s

 // Handle Kind 23456 auth rules management
 int process_admin_auth_event(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error_size, struct lws* wsi) {
-    cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "kind");
+    cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "kind");
    int kind = kind_obj ? (int)cJSON_GetNumberValue(kind_obj) : 0;

    // Extract and log additional event details for debugging
@@ -2447,7 +2549,7 @@ int wot_sync_from_admin_kind3(void) {
 const char* get_first_tag_name(cJSON* event) {
    if (!event) return NULL;
    
-    cJSON* tags_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+    cJSON* tags_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
    if (!tags_obj || !cJSON_IsArray(tags_obj)) return NULL;
    
    cJSON* first_tag = cJSON_GetArrayItem(tags_obj, 0);
@@ -2465,7 +2567,7 @@ const char* get_first_tag_name(cJSON* event) {
 const char* get_tag_value(cJSON* event, const char* tag_name, int value_index) {
    if (!event || !tag_name) return NULL;
    
-    cJSON* tags_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+    cJSON* tags_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
    if (!tags_obj || !cJSON_IsArray(tags_obj)) return NULL;
    
    cJSON* tag = NULL;
@@ -2575,8 +2677,8 @@ cJSON* create_admin_response_event(const char* encrypted_content, const char* re
    }
    
    // Log success information
-    cJSON* id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(response_event, "id");
-    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(response_event, "pubkey");
+    cJSON* id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(response_event, "id");
+    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(response_event, "pubkey");
    
    if (id_obj && pubkey_obj) {
        // printf("  Event ID: %s\n", cJSON_GetStringValue(id_obj));
@@ -2689,7 +2791,7 @@ int send_admin_response_event(const cJSON* response_data, const char* recipient_
        return -1;
    }
    
-    cJSON* id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(response_event, "id");
+    cJSON* id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(response_event, "id");
    if (id_obj) {
        // printf("  Event ID: %s\n", cJSON_GetStringValue(id_obj));
    }
@@ -2783,7 +2885,7 @@ int handle_kind_23456_unified(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error_si
    }

    // Verify the event sender is the authorized admin
-    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
    if (!pubkey_obj || !cJSON_IsString(pubkey_obj)) {
        DEBUG_ERROR("invalid: missing sender pubkey in event");
        snprintf(error_message, error_size, "invalid: missing sender pubkey in event");
@@ -2808,7 +2910,7 @@ int handle_kind_23456_unified(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error_si
    }

    // Check if content is encrypted (NIP-44)
-    cJSON* content_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "content");
+    cJSON* content_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "content");
    if (!content_obj || !cJSON_IsString(content_obj)) {
        DEBUG_ERROR("invalid: missing or invalid content");
        snprintf(error_message, error_size, "invalid: missing or invalid content");
@@ -2830,7 +2932,7 @@ int handle_kind_23456_unified(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error_si
        }
        
        // Get sender's pubkey from the event for NIP-44 decryption
-        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
        if (!pubkey_obj || !cJSON_IsString(pubkey_obj)) {
            DEBUG_ERROR("invalid: missing sender pubkey in event");
            free(relay_privkey);
@@ -2961,7 +3063,7 @@ int handle_kind_23456_unified(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error_si
        }

        // Add existing tags
-        cJSON* existing_tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+        cJSON* existing_tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
        if (existing_tags && cJSON_IsArray(existing_tags)) {
            cJSON* tag = NULL;
            cJSON_ArrayForEach(tag, existing_tags) {
@@ -3149,7 +3251,7 @@ int handle_auth_query_unified(cJSON* event, const char* query_type, char* error_
    cJSON* response = build_query_response(mapped_query_type, results_array, rule_count);
    if (response) {
        // Get admin pubkey from event for response
-        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
        const char* admin_pubkey = pubkey_obj ? cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_obj) : NULL;
        
        if (!admin_pubkey) {
@@ -3264,7 +3366,7 @@ int handle_config_query_unified(cJSON* event, const char* query_type, char* erro
    cJSON* response = build_query_response(mapped_query_type, results_array, config_count);
    if (response) {
        // Get admin pubkey from event for response
-        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
        const char* admin_pubkey = pubkey_obj ? cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_obj) : NULL;
        
        if (!admin_pubkey) {
@@ -3360,7 +3462,7 @@ int handle_config_set_unified(cJSON* event, const char* config_key, const char*
    
    
    // Get admin pubkey from event for response
-    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
    const char* admin_pubkey = pubkey_obj ? cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_obj) : NULL;
    
    if (!admin_pubkey) {
@@ -3424,7 +3526,7 @@ int handle_system_command_unified(cJSON* event, const char* command, char* error
        
        
        // Get admin pubkey from event for response
-        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
        const char* admin_pubkey = pubkey_obj ? cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_obj) : NULL;
        
        if (!admin_pubkey) {
@@ -3501,7 +3603,7 @@ int handle_system_command_unified(cJSON* event, const char* command, char* error
        
        
        // Get admin pubkey from event for response
-        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
        const char* admin_pubkey = pubkey_obj ? cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_obj) : NULL;
        
        if (!admin_pubkey) {
@@ -3562,7 +3664,7 @@ int handle_system_command_unified(cJSON* event, const char* command, char* error
        printf("Cache status: Not used (direct database queries)\n");

        // Get admin pubkey from event for response
-        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
        const char* admin_pubkey = pubkey_obj ? cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_obj) : NULL;

        if (!admin_pubkey) {
@@ -3594,7 +3696,7 @@ int handle_system_command_unified(cJSON* event, const char* command, char* error
        printf("Sending acknowledgment and initiating shutdown...\n");

        // Get admin pubkey from event for response
-        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
        const char* admin_pubkey = pubkey_obj ? cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_obj) : NULL;

        if (!admin_pubkey) {
@@ -3618,7 +3720,7 @@ int handle_system_command_unified(cJSON* event, const char* command, char* error
    }
    else if (strcmp(command, "wot_status") == 0) {
        // Get admin pubkey from event
-        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
        const char* admin_pubkey = pubkey_obj ? cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_obj) : NULL;
        
        if (!admin_pubkey) {
@@ -3676,7 +3778,7 @@ int handle_system_command_unified(cJSON* event, const char* command, char* error
    }
    else if (strcmp(command, "wot_sync") == 0) {
        // Get admin pubkey from event
-        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
        const char* admin_pubkey = pubkey_obj ? cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_obj) : NULL;
        
        if (!admin_pubkey) {
@@ -3738,7 +3840,7 @@ int handle_system_command_unified(cJSON* event, const char* command, char* error
 int handle_auth_rule_modification_unified(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error_size, struct lws* wsi) {
    // Suppress unused parameter warning
    (void)wsi;
-    cJSON* tags_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+    cJSON* tags_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
    if (!tags_obj || !cJSON_IsArray(tags_obj)) {
        snprintf(error_message, error_size, "invalid: auth rule event must have tags");
        return -1;
@@ -3821,7 +3923,7 @@ int handle_auth_rule_modification_unified(cJSON* event, char* error_message, siz
        printf("Processed %d auth rule modifications\n", rules_processed);
        
        // Get admin pubkey from event for response
-        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
        const char* admin_pubkey = pubkey_obj ? cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_obj) : NULL;
        
        if (!admin_pubkey) {
@@ -3951,7 +4053,7 @@ int handle_stats_query_unified(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error_s


    // Get admin pubkey from event for response
-    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
    const char* admin_pubkey = pubkey_obj ? cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_obj) : NULL;

    if (!admin_pubkey) {
@@ -4019,7 +4121,7 @@ int handle_config_update_unified(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error
    
    // Extract config objects array from synthetic tags created by NIP-44 decryption
    // The decryption process creates synthetic tags like: ["config_update", [config_objects]]
-    cJSON* tags_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+    cJSON* tags_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
    if (!tags_obj || !cJSON_IsArray(tags_obj)) {
        snprintf(error_message, error_size, "invalid: config update event must have tags");
        return -1;
@@ -4100,10 +4202,10 @@ int handle_config_update_unified(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error
        }
        
        // Extract required fields from config object
-        cJSON* key_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(config_obj, "key");
-        cJSON* value_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(config_obj, "value");
-        cJSON* data_type_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(config_obj, "data_type");
-        cJSON* category_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(config_obj, "category");
+        cJSON* key_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(config_obj, "key");
+        cJSON* value_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(config_obj, "value");
+        cJSON* data_type_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(config_obj, "data_type");
+        cJSON* category_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(config_obj, "category");
        
        if (!key_obj || !cJSON_IsString(key_obj) ||
            !value_obj || !cJSON_IsString(value_obj)) {
@@ -4300,7 +4402,7 @@ int handle_config_update_unified(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error
        cJSON_AddItemToObject(error_response, "data", processed_configs);
        
        // Get admin pubkey from event for error response
-        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
        const char* admin_pubkey = pubkey_obj ? cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_obj) : NULL;
        
        if (admin_pubkey) {
@@ -4328,7 +4430,7 @@ int handle_config_update_unified(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error
        cJSON_AddItemToObject(error_response, "data", processed_configs);
        
        // Get admin pubkey from event for error response
-        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+        cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
        const char* admin_pubkey = pubkey_obj ? cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_obj) : NULL;
        
        if (admin_pubkey) {
@@ -4357,7 +4459,7 @@ int handle_config_update_unified(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error
    
    
    // Get admin pubkey from event for response
-    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
    const char* admin_pubkey = pubkey_obj ? cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_obj) : NULL;
    
    if (!admin_pubkey) {
@@ -4763,7 +4865,7 @@ int populate_config_table_from_event(const cJSON* event) {
    
    DEBUG_INFO("Populating config table from configuration event...");
    
-    cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+    cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
    if (!tags || !cJSON_IsArray(tags)) {
        DEBUG_ERROR("Configuration event missing tags array");
        return -1;
@@ -4912,13 +5014,13 @@ int process_startup_config_event(const cJSON* event) {
    
    
    // Validate event structure first
-    cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "kind");
+    cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "kind");
    if (!kind_obj || cJSON_GetNumberValue(kind_obj) != 33334) {
        DEBUG_ERROR("Invalid event kind for startup configuration");
        return -1;
    }
    
-    cJSON* tags_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+    cJSON* tags_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
    if (!tags_obj || !cJSON_IsArray(tags_obj)) {
        DEBUG_ERROR("Startup configuration event missing tags");
        return -1;
@@ -5114,7 +5216,7 @@ int req_filter_requests_config_events(const cJSON* filter) {
        return 0;
    }
    
-    cJSON* kinds = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter, "kinds");
+    cJSON* kinds = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter, "kinds");
    if (!kinds || !cJSON_IsArray(kinds)) {
        return 0;
    }
@@ -83,6 +83,30 @@ static const struct {
    // IP-based rate limiting or access control (which would require firewall protection anyway)
    {"trust_proxy_headers", "true"},

+    // Debug Level (0=none, 1=errors, 2=warnings, 3=info, 4=debug, 5=trace)
+    // Can be changed at runtime without restart via config_set admin command
+    {"debug_level", "3"},
+
+    // IP Auth Failure Ban Settings
+    // Ban IPs that repeatedly fail NIP-42 authentication
+    {"auth_fail_ban_enabled", "true"},
+    {"auth_fail_ban_threshold", "3"},      // failures before ban
+    {"auth_fail_window_sec", "60"},        // window to count failures in
+    {"auth_fail_ban_duration_sec", "300"}, // initial ban duration (doubles each time, max 24h)
+
+    // NIP-42 Authentication Timeout
+    // Seconds after connection before unauthenticated clients are disconnected (0 = disabled)
+    // Prevents unauthenticated connections from accumulating under heavy load
+    {"nip42_auth_timeout_sec", "10"},
+
+    // Idle Connection Ban Settings
+    // Ban IPs that connect but never send REQ or EVENT (idle or early disconnect)
+    {"idle_connection_timeout_sec", "30"},  // Seconds before idle connection is closed (0 = disabled)
+    {"idle_ban_enabled", "true"},           // Whether to ban IPs with idle failures
+    {"idle_ban_threshold", "1"},            // Idle failures before ban (1 = ban on first offense)
+    {"idle_ban_window_sec", "30"},          // Window to count idle failures in
+    {"idle_ban_duration_sec", "300"},       // Initial ban duration (doubles each time, max 24h)
+
    // SQLite Performance Tuning
    // mmap_size: bytes of database file to memory-map (0 = disabled, 268435456 = 256MB recommended)
    // Eliminates pread64 syscall overhead for database reads — significant CPU savings under load
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ int process_dm_admin_command(cJSON* command_array, cJSON* event, char* error_mes
    cJSON_AddItemToArray(synthetic_tags, command_tag);

    // Add existing event tags
-    cJSON* existing_tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+    cJSON* existing_tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
    if (existing_tags && cJSON_IsArray(existing_tags)) {
        cJSON* tag = NULL;
        cJSON_ArrayForEach(tag, existing_tags) {
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ cJSON* process_nip17_admin_message(cJSON* gift_wrap_event, char* error_message,
    // Only create a generic response for other command types that don't handle their own responses
    if (result == 0) {
        // Extract content to check if it's a plain text command
-        cJSON* content_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(inner_dm, "content");
+        cJSON* content_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(inner_dm, "content");
        if (content_obj && cJSON_IsString(content_obj)) {
            const char* dm_content = cJSON_GetStringValue(content_obj);
            
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ cJSON* process_nip17_admin_message(cJSON* gift_wrap_event, char* error_message,
        return NULL;

        // Get sender pubkey for response from the decrypted DM event
-        cJSON* sender_pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(inner_dm, "pubkey");
+        cJSON* sender_pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(inner_dm, "pubkey");
        if (sender_pubkey_obj && cJSON_IsString(sender_pubkey_obj)) {
            const char* sender_pubkey = cJSON_GetStringValue(sender_pubkey_obj);

@@ -439,13 +439,13 @@ int is_nip17_gift_wrap_for_relay(cJSON* event) {
    }

    // Check kind
-    cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "kind");
+    cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "kind");
    if (!kind_obj || !cJSON_IsNumber(kind_obj) || (int)cJSON_GetNumberValue(kind_obj) != 1059) {
        return 0;
    }

    // Check tags for "p" tag with relay pubkey
-    cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+    cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
    if (!tags || !cJSON_IsArray(tags)) {
        return 0;
    }
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ int process_nip17_admin_command(cJSON* dm_event, char* error_message, size_t err
    DEBUG_INFO("DM_ADMIN: Processing NIP-17 admin command from decrypted DM");

    // Extract content from DM
-    cJSON* content_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(dm_event, "content");
+    cJSON* content_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(dm_event, "content");
    if (!content_obj || !cJSON_IsString(content_obj)) {
        DEBUG_INFO("DM_ADMIN: DM missing content field");
        strncpy(error_message, "NIP-17: DM missing content", error_size - 1);
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ int process_nip17_admin_command(cJSON* dm_event, char* error_message, size_t err
    DEBUG_INFO("DM_ADMIN: Extracted DM content: %.100s%s", dm_content, strlen(dm_content) > 100 ? "..." : "");

    // Check if sender is admin before processing any commands
-    cJSON* sender_pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(dm_event, "pubkey");
+    cJSON* sender_pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(dm_event, "pubkey");
    if (!sender_pubkey_obj || !cJSON_IsString(sender_pubkey_obj)) {
        DEBUG_INFO("DM_ADMIN: DM missing sender pubkey - treating as user DM");
        return 0; // Not an error, just treat as user DM
@@ -804,7 +804,7 @@ int process_nip17_admin_command(cJSON* dm_event, char* error_message, size_t err
        if (cJSON_IsString(first_item) && strcmp(cJSON_GetStringValue(first_item), "stats") == 0) {
            DEBUG_INFO("DM_ADMIN: Processing JSON stats command");
            // Get sender pubkey for response
-            cJSON* sender_pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(dm_event, "pubkey");
+            cJSON* sender_pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(dm_event, "pubkey");
            if (!sender_pubkey_obj || !cJSON_IsString(sender_pubkey_obj)) {
                cJSON_Delete(command_array);
                DEBUG_INFO("DM_ADMIN: DM missing sender pubkey for stats command");
@@ -846,13 +846,13 @@ int process_nip17_admin_command(cJSON* dm_event, char* error_message, size_t err
    cJSON_AddStringToObject(synthetic_event, "content", dm_content);

    // Copy pubkey from DM
-    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(dm_event, "pubkey");
+    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(dm_event, "pubkey");
    if (pubkey_obj && cJSON_IsString(pubkey_obj)) {
        cJSON_AddStringToObject(synthetic_event, "pubkey", cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_obj));
    }

    // Copy tags from DM
-    cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(dm_event, "tags");
+    cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(dm_event, "tags");
    if (tags) {
        cJSON_AddItemToObject(synthetic_event, "tags", cJSON_Duplicate(tags, 1));
    }
@@ -0,0 +1,575 @@
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include "ip_ban.h"
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+// ============================================================
+// IP Auth Failure Ban System
+//
+// Fixed-size open-addressing hash table. No malloc after init.
+// Thread-safe via a single mutex (low contention — only called
+// at connection open/close, not in the hot event path).
+//
+// State is persisted to the ip_bans SQLite table every 5 minutes
+// and loaded at startup so bans survive relay restarts.
+// ============================================================
+
+#define IP_BAN_EMPTY    0
+#define IP_BAN_ACTIVE   1
+
+typedef struct {
+    int state;                      // IP_BAN_EMPTY or IP_BAN_ACTIVE
+    char ip[46];                    // IPv4 or IPv6 string
+    
+    // Auth failure tracking (existing)
+    int failure_count;              // failures in current window
+    time_t first_failure;           // start of current failure window
+    time_t banned_until;            // 0 = not banned
+    int ban_count;                  // escalation level (for exponential backoff)
+    
+    // NEW: Idle failure tracking (separate)
+    int idle_failure_count;
+    time_t idle_first_failure;
+    time_t idle_banned_until;
+    int idle_ban_count;
+    
+    // Other existing fields
+    int has_authed_successfully;    // 1 if this IP has ever authenticated
+    time_t last_success_at;         // timestamp of last successful auth
+    int total_connections;          // lifetime connection count
+    int total_failures;             // lifetime auth failure count
+    int total_successes;            // lifetime successful auth count
+    time_t first_seen;              // when this IP was first seen
+} ip_ban_entry_t;
+
+static ip_ban_entry_t g_ban_table[IP_BAN_TABLE_SIZE];
+static pthread_mutex_t g_ban_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+static int g_initialized = 0;
+
+// Simple FNV-1a hash for IP strings
+static unsigned int ip_hash(const char* ip) {
+    unsigned int hash = 2166136261u;
+    while (*ip) {
+        hash ^= (unsigned char)*ip++;
+        hash *= 16777619u;
+    }
+    return hash % IP_BAN_TABLE_SIZE;
+}
+
+// Find slot for IP (open addressing with linear probing)
+static int find_slot(const char* ip) {
+    unsigned int start = ip_hash(ip);
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < IP_BAN_TABLE_SIZE; i++) {
+        unsigned int idx = (start + i) % IP_BAN_TABLE_SIZE;
+        if (g_ban_table[idx].state == IP_BAN_EMPTY) {
+            return (int)idx;
+        }
+        if (strcmp(g_ban_table[idx].ip, ip) == 0) {
+            return (int)idx;
+        }
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+// Get or create an entry for an IP. Returns NULL if table is full.
+// Caller must hold g_ban_mutex.
+static ip_ban_entry_t* get_or_create_entry(const char* ip) {
+    int idx = find_slot(ip);
+    if (idx < 0) {
+        DEBUG_WARN("IP ban table full, cannot track %s", ip);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    ip_ban_entry_t* entry = &g_ban_table[idx];
+    if (entry->state == IP_BAN_EMPTY) {
+        entry->state = IP_BAN_ACTIVE;
+        strncpy(entry->ip, ip, sizeof(entry->ip) - 1);
+        entry->ip[sizeof(entry->ip) - 1] = '\0';
+        entry->first_seen = time(NULL);
+    }
+    return entry;
+}
+
+void ip_ban_init(void) {
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    memset(g_ban_table, 0, sizeof(g_ban_table));
+    g_initialized = 1;
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    DEBUG_LOG("IP ban table initialized (%d slots)", IP_BAN_TABLE_SIZE);
+}
+
+void ip_ban_load_from_db(sqlite3* db) {
+    if (!db || !g_initialized) return;
+
+    // Create table if it doesn't exist (handles existing databases)
+    const char* create_sql =
+        "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ip_bans ("
+        "  ip TEXT PRIMARY KEY,"
+        "  failure_count INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,"
+        "  ban_count INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,"
+        "  banned_until INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,"
+        "  first_failure INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,"
+        "  has_authed_successfully INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,"
+        "  last_success_at INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,"
+        "  total_connections INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,"
+        "  total_failures INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,"
+        "  total_successes INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,"
+        "  first_seen INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,"
+        "  updated_at INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT (strftime('%s', 'now'))"
+        ");";
+    char* err = NULL;
+    if (sqlite3_exec(db, create_sql, NULL, NULL, &err) != SQLITE_OK) {
+        DEBUG_ERROR("Failed to create ip_bans table: %s", err ? err : "unknown");
+        if (err) sqlite3_free(err);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Migration: Add idle_* columns if they don't exist (ignore errors if already exists)
+    sqlite3_exec(db, "ALTER TABLE ip_bans ADD COLUMN idle_failure_count INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0", NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    sqlite3_exec(db, "ALTER TABLE ip_bans ADD COLUMN idle_ban_count INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0", NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    sqlite3_exec(db, "ALTER TABLE ip_bans ADD COLUMN idle_banned_until INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0", NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    sqlite3_exec(db, "ALTER TABLE ip_bans ADD COLUMN idle_first_failure INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0", NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
+    const char* sql =
+        "SELECT ip, failure_count, ban_count, banned_until, first_failure,"
+        "       has_authed_successfully, last_success_at, total_connections,"
+        "       total_failures, total_successes, first_seen,"
+        "       idle_failure_count, idle_ban_count, idle_banned_until, idle_first_failure"
+        " FROM ip_bans";
+
+    sqlite3_stmt* stmt;
+    if (sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, sql, -1, &stmt, NULL) != SQLITE_OK) {
+        DEBUG_ERROR("Failed to prepare ip_bans load query");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int loaded = 0;
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    while (sqlite3_step(stmt) == SQLITE_ROW) {
+        const char* ip = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(stmt, 0);
+        if (!ip) continue;
+
+        int idx = find_slot(ip);
+        if (idx < 0) continue;
+
+        ip_ban_entry_t* entry = &g_ban_table[idx];
+        entry->state = IP_BAN_ACTIVE;
+        strncpy(entry->ip, ip, sizeof(entry->ip) - 1);
+        entry->ip[sizeof(entry->ip) - 1] = '\0';
+        entry->failure_count          = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 1);
+        entry->ban_count              = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 2);
+        entry->banned_until           = (time_t)sqlite3_column_int64(stmt, 3);
+        entry->first_failure          = (time_t)sqlite3_column_int64(stmt, 4);
+        entry->has_authed_successfully = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 5);
+        entry->last_success_at        = (time_t)sqlite3_column_int64(stmt, 6);
+        entry->total_connections      = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 7);
+        entry->total_failures         = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 8);
+        entry->total_successes        = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 9);
+        entry->first_seen             = (time_t)sqlite3_column_int64(stmt, 10);
+        // Load idle tracking fields (default to 0 if columns don't exist yet)
+        entry->idle_failure_count     = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 11);
+        entry->idle_ban_count         = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 12);
+        entry->idle_banned_until      = (time_t)sqlite3_column_int64(stmt, 13);
+        entry->idle_first_failure     = (time_t)sqlite3_column_int64(stmt, 14);
+        loaded++;
+    }
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
+
+    // Count how many are still actively banned
+    time_t now = time(NULL);
+    int still_banned = 0;
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    for (int i = 0; i < IP_BAN_TABLE_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (g_ban_table[i].state == IP_BAN_ACTIVE &&
+            g_ban_table[i].banned_until > now) {
+            still_banned++;
+        }
+    }
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+
+    DEBUG_WARN("IP ban table loaded: %d IPs restored (%d still banned)", loaded, still_banned);
+}
+
+void ip_ban_save_to_db(sqlite3* db) {
+    if (!db || !g_initialized) return;
+
+    const char* upsert_sql =
+        "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO ip_bans"
+        " (ip, failure_count, ban_count, banned_until, first_failure,"
+        "  has_authed_successfully, last_success_at, total_connections,"
+        "  total_failures, total_successes, first_seen, updated_at,"
+        "  idle_failure_count, idle_ban_count, idle_banned_until, idle_first_failure)"
+        " VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, strftime('%s', 'now'), ?, ?, ?, ?)";
+
+    sqlite3_stmt* stmt;
+    if (sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, upsert_sql, -1, &stmt, NULL) != SQLITE_OK) {
+        DEBUG_ERROR("Failed to prepare ip_bans save query");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    sqlite3_exec(db, "BEGIN TRANSACTION", NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
+    int saved = 0;
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    for (int i = 0; i < IP_BAN_TABLE_SIZE; i++) {
+        ip_ban_entry_t* entry = &g_ban_table[i];
+        if (entry->state != IP_BAN_ACTIVE) continue;
+
+        sqlite3_reset(stmt);
+        sqlite3_bind_text(stmt, 1, entry->ip, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+        sqlite3_bind_int(stmt, 2, entry->failure_count);
+        sqlite3_bind_int(stmt, 3, entry->ban_count);
+        sqlite3_bind_int64(stmt, 4, (sqlite3_int64)entry->banned_until);
+        sqlite3_bind_int64(stmt, 5, (sqlite3_int64)entry->first_failure);
+        sqlite3_bind_int(stmt, 6, entry->has_authed_successfully);
+        sqlite3_bind_int64(stmt, 7, (sqlite3_int64)entry->last_success_at);
+        sqlite3_bind_int(stmt, 8, entry->total_connections);
+        sqlite3_bind_int(stmt, 9, entry->total_failures);
+        sqlite3_bind_int(stmt, 10, entry->total_successes);
+        sqlite3_bind_int64(stmt, 11, (sqlite3_int64)entry->first_seen);
+        // Idle tracking fields
+        sqlite3_bind_int(stmt, 12, entry->idle_failure_count);
+        sqlite3_bind_int(stmt, 13, entry->idle_ban_count);
+        sqlite3_bind_int64(stmt, 14, (sqlite3_int64)entry->idle_banned_until);
+        sqlite3_bind_int64(stmt, 15, (sqlite3_int64)entry->idle_first_failure);
+
+        if (sqlite3_step(stmt) != SQLITE_DONE) {
+            DEBUG_WARN("Failed to save ip_ban entry for %s", entry->ip);
+        } else {
+            saved++;
+        }
+    }
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+
+    sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
+    sqlite3_exec(db, "COMMIT", NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
+    DEBUG_TRACE("IP ban table saved: %d entries written to DB", saved);
+}
+
+// Check if an IP is in the idle_ban_whitelist config (comma-separated list)
+static int ip_is_whitelisted(const char* ip) {
+    const char* whitelist = get_config_value("idle_ban_whitelist");
+    if (!whitelist || whitelist[0] == '\0') return 0;
+
+    // Make a mutable copy to tokenize
+    char buf[1024];
+    strncpy(buf, whitelist, sizeof(buf) - 1);
+    buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = '\0';
+
+    char* token = strtok(buf, ",");
+    while (token) {
+        // Trim leading/trailing spaces
+        while (*token == ' ') token++;
+        char* end = token + strlen(token) - 1;
+        while (end > token && *end == ' ') { *end = '\0'; end--; }
+        if (strcmp(token, ip) == 0) return 1;
+        token = strtok(NULL, ",");
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int ip_ban_is_banned(const char* ip) {
+    if (!ip || !g_initialized) return 0;
+
+    // Whitelisted IPs are never banned
+    if (ip_is_whitelisted(ip)) return 0;
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    int idx = find_slot(ip);
+    if (idx < 0 || g_ban_table[idx].state == IP_BAN_EMPTY) {
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    ip_ban_entry_t* entry = &g_ban_table[idx];
+    time_t now = time(NULL);
+    int banned = 0;
+
+    // Check auth ban (if enabled)
+    if (get_config_bool("auth_fail_ban_enabled", 1) &&
+        entry->banned_until > 0 && now < entry->banned_until) {
+        banned = 1;
+    }
+
+    // Check idle ban (if enabled)
+    if (get_config_bool("idle_ban_enabled", 1) &&
+        entry->idle_banned_until > 0 && now < entry->idle_banned_until) {
+        banned = 1;
+    }
+
+    // Clear expired bans
+    if (!banned) {
+        if (entry->banned_until > 0 && now >= entry->banned_until) {
+            entry->banned_until = 0;
+            entry->failure_count = 0;
+            entry->first_failure = 0;
+        }
+        if (entry->idle_banned_until > 0 && now >= entry->idle_banned_until) {
+            entry->idle_banned_until = 0;
+            entry->idle_failure_count = 0;
+            entry->idle_first_failure = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    return banned;
+}
+
+void ip_ban_record_connection(const char* ip) {
+    if (!ip || !g_initialized) return;
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    ip_ban_entry_t* entry = get_or_create_entry(ip);
+    if (entry) {
+        entry->total_connections++;
+    }
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+}
+
+void ip_ban_record_failure(const char* ip) {
+    if (!ip || !g_initialized) return;
+    if (!get_config_bool("auth_fail_ban_enabled", 1)) return;
+
+    int threshold = get_config_int("auth_fail_ban_threshold", 3);
+    int window_sec = get_config_int("auth_fail_window_sec", 60);
+    int ban_duration = get_config_int("auth_fail_ban_duration_sec", 300);
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    ip_ban_entry_t* entry = get_or_create_entry(ip);
+    if (!entry) {
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+    // Reset window if expired
+    if (entry->first_failure > 0 && (now - entry->first_failure) > window_sec) {
+        entry->failure_count = 0;
+        entry->first_failure = now;
+    }
+    if (entry->first_failure == 0) {
+        entry->first_failure = now;
+    }
+
+    entry->failure_count++;
+    entry->total_failures++;
+
+    DEBUG_TRACE("IP %s auth failure count: %d/%d", ip, entry->failure_count, threshold);
+
+    if (entry->failure_count >= threshold) {
+        int duration = ban_duration;
+        for (int i = 0; i < entry->ban_count && duration < 86400; i++) {
+            duration *= 2;
+        }
+        if (duration > 86400) duration = 86400;
+
+        entry->banned_until = now + duration;
+        entry->ban_count++;
+        entry->failure_count = 0;
+        entry->first_failure = 0;
+
+        DEBUG_WARN("IP %s banned for %d seconds (ban #%d) after %d auth failures",
+                   ip, duration, entry->ban_count, threshold);
+    }
+
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+}
+
+// Record an idle/early-disconnect failure for an IP
+void ip_ban_record_idle_failure(const char* ip) {
+    if (!ip || !g_initialized) return;
+    if (!get_config_bool("idle_ban_enabled", 1)) return;
+    if (ip_is_whitelisted(ip)) return;  // Never record idle failures for whitelisted IPs
+
+    int threshold = get_config_int("idle_ban_threshold", 1);
+    int window_sec = get_config_int("idle_ban_window_sec", 30);
+    int ban_duration = get_config_int("idle_ban_duration_sec", 300);
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    ip_ban_entry_t* entry = get_or_create_entry(ip);
+    if (!entry) {
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+    // Reset window if expired
+    if (entry->idle_first_failure > 0 && (now - entry->idle_first_failure) > window_sec) {
+        entry->idle_failure_count = 0;
+        entry->idle_first_failure = now;
+    }
+    if (entry->idle_first_failure == 0) {
+        entry->idle_first_failure = now;
+    }
+
+    entry->idle_failure_count++;
+    entry->total_failures++;
+
+    DEBUG_TRACE("IP %s idle failure count: %d/%d", ip, entry->idle_failure_count, threshold);
+
+    if (entry->idle_failure_count >= threshold) {
+        int duration = ban_duration;
+        for (int i = 0; i < entry->idle_ban_count && duration < 86400; i++) {
+            duration *= 2;
+        }
+        if (duration > 86400) duration = 86400;
+
+        entry->idle_banned_until = now + duration;
+        entry->idle_ban_count++;
+        entry->idle_failure_count = 0;
+        entry->idle_first_failure = 0;
+
+        DEBUG_WARN("IP %s banned for %d seconds (idle ban #%d) after %d idle failures",
+                   ip, duration, entry->idle_ban_count, threshold);
+    }
+
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+}
+
+void ip_ban_record_success(const char* ip) {
+    if (!ip || !g_initialized) return;
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    ip_ban_entry_t* entry = get_or_create_entry(ip);
+    if (entry) {
+        entry->failure_count = 0;
+        entry->first_failure = 0;
+        entry->has_authed_successfully = 1;
+        entry->last_success_at = time(NULL);
+        entry->total_successes++;
+        DEBUG_TRACE("IP %s authenticated successfully — failure count cleared", ip);
+    }
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+}
+
+void ip_ban_cleanup(void) {
+    if (!g_initialized) return;
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    time_t now = time(NULL);
+    int window_sec = get_config_int("auth_fail_window_sec", 60);
+    int idle_window_sec = get_config_int("idle_ban_window_sec", 60);
+    int cleaned = 0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < IP_BAN_TABLE_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (g_ban_table[i].state != IP_BAN_ACTIVE) continue;
+        ip_ban_entry_t* entry = &g_ban_table[i];
+
+        // Check auth failure window expiration
+        int auth_ban_expired = (entry->banned_until == 0 || now >= entry->banned_until);
+        int auth_window_expired = (entry->first_failure == 0 || (now - entry->first_failure) > window_sec * 10);
+
+        // Check idle failure window expiration
+        int idle_ban_expired = (entry->idle_banned_until == 0 || now >= entry->idle_banned_until);
+        int idle_window_expired = (entry->idle_first_failure == 0 || (now - entry->idle_first_failure) > idle_window_sec * 10);
+
+        if (auth_ban_expired && auth_window_expired && entry->failure_count == 0 &&
+            idle_ban_expired && idle_window_expired && entry->idle_failure_count == 0) {
+            int retain_sec = 86400; // 24 hours
+            int last_auth_ban_expired_long_ago = (entry->banned_until == 0 ||
+                                                   (now - entry->banned_until) > retain_sec);
+            int last_idle_ban_expired_long_ago = (entry->idle_banned_until == 0 ||
+                                                   (now - entry->idle_banned_until) > retain_sec);
+
+            if (last_auth_ban_expired_long_ago && last_idle_ban_expired_long_ago &&
+                !entry->has_authed_successfully &&
+                entry->ban_count == 0 && entry->idle_ban_count == 0 &&
+                entry->total_connections <= 1) {
+                // Fully clean — never banned, never authenticated, only seen once
+                memset(entry, 0, sizeof(ip_ban_entry_t));
+                cleaned++;
+            } else {
+                // Keep entry permanently — preserve ban_count for escalation.
+                // An IP that has been banned before will always get at least a 24-hour ban
+                // if it fails auth again, regardless of how long it has been away.
+                entry->failure_count = 0;
+                entry->first_failure = 0;
+                entry->idle_failure_count = 0;
+                entry->idle_first_failure = 0;
+                if (last_auth_ban_expired_long_ago) {
+                    entry->banned_until = 0;
+                    // ban_count intentionally NOT reset — permanent escalation
+                }
+                if (last_idle_ban_expired_long_ago) {
+                    entry->idle_banned_until = 0;
+                    // idle_ban_count intentionally NOT reset — permanent escalation
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (cleaned > 0) {
+        DEBUG_TRACE("IP ban cleanup: freed %d stale entries", cleaned);
+    }
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+}
+
+int ip_ban_get_banned_count(void) {
+    if (!g_initialized) return 0;
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    time_t now = time(NULL);
+    int count = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < IP_BAN_TABLE_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (g_ban_table[i].state != IP_BAN_ACTIVE) continue;
+        // Count if either auth banned or idle banned
+        if (g_ban_table[i].banned_until > now ||
+            g_ban_table[i].idle_banned_until > now) {
+            count++;
+        }
+    }
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    return count;
+}
+
+int ip_ban_get_tracked_count(void) {
+    if (!g_initialized) return 0;
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    int count = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < IP_BAN_TABLE_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (g_ban_table[i].state == IP_BAN_ACTIVE) count++;
+    }
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    return count;
+}
+
+void ip_ban_log_stats(sqlite3* db) {
+    if (!g_initialized) return;
+
+    static time_t last_log = 0;
+    time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+    if (now - last_log < 300) return;
+    last_log = now;
+
+    // Save to DB every 5 minutes
+    if (db) {
+        ip_ban_save_to_db(db);
+    }
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ban_mutex);
+    int auth_banned_count = 0;
+    int idle_banned_count = 0;
+    int tracked_count = 0;
+    int trusted_count = 0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < IP_BAN_TABLE_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (g_ban_table[i].state != IP_BAN_ACTIVE) continue;
+        tracked_count++;
+        if (g_ban_table[i].banned_until > now) auth_banned_count++;
+        if (g_ban_table[i].idle_banned_until > now) idle_banned_count++;
+        if (g_ban_table[i].has_authed_successfully) trusted_count++;
+    }
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ban_mutex);
+
+    int total_banned = auth_banned_count + idle_banned_count;
+    if (total_banned > 0 || tracked_count > 0) {
+        DEBUG_WARN("IP BAN SUMMARY: %d auth-banned, %d idle-banned, %d tracked, %d trusted (ever authed)",
+                   auth_banned_count, idle_banned_count, tracked_count, trusted_count);
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#ifndef IP_BAN_H
+#define IP_BAN_H
+
+// IP Auth Failure Ban System
+//
+// Tracks auth failures per IP address and temporarily bans IPs that repeatedly
+// fail NIP-42 authentication. Uses an in-memory fixed-size hash table — no
+// database writes on the hot path. State is persisted to the ip_bans table
+// every 5 minutes and loaded at startup.
+//
+// Config keys (all read from the config table at runtime):
+//   auth_fail_ban_enabled      bool  default: true   (0 = disabled)
+//   auth_fail_ban_threshold    int   default: 3       (failures before ban)
+//   auth_fail_window_sec       int   default: 60      (window to count failures)
+//   auth_fail_ban_duration_sec int   default: 300     (initial ban duration, doubles each time)
+
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sqlite3.h>
+
+// Maximum number of IPs tracked simultaneously (fixed-size, no malloc)
+#define IP_BAN_TABLE_SIZE 4096
+
+// Initialize the IP ban table (call once at startup, before loading from DB)
+void ip_ban_init(void);
+
+// Load ban state from the ip_bans database table.
+// Call after ip_ban_init() and after the database is open.
+void ip_ban_load_from_db(sqlite3* db);
+
+// Save current ban state to the ip_bans database table.
+// Called every 5 minutes from the maintenance timer.
+void ip_ban_save_to_db(sqlite3* db);
+
+// Check if an IP is currently banned.
+// Returns 1 if banned (connection should be rejected), 0 if allowed.
+int ip_ban_is_banned(const char* ip);
+
+// Record an auth failure for an IP.
+// Called when a connection is closed due to auth timeout.
+// May trigger a ban if the threshold is exceeded.
+void ip_ban_record_failure(const char* ip);
+
+// Record an idle/early-disconnect failure for an IP.
+// Called when a connection closes without ever sending REQ or EVENT.
+// May trigger a ban if the threshold is exceeded.
+void ip_ban_record_idle_failure(const char* ip);
+
+// Record a successful auth for an IP.
+// Sets has_authed_successfully=1 and clears failure count.
+void ip_ban_record_success(const char* ip);
+
+// Record a new connection from an IP (increment total_connections).
+void ip_ban_record_connection(const char* ip);
+
+// Periodic cleanup: expire old entries (call from the connection age checker).
+void ip_ban_cleanup(void);
+
+// Emit a periodic WARN-level log summary of banned IPs (every 5 minutes).
+// Also saves state to DB.
+void ip_ban_log_stats(sqlite3* db);
+
+// Get stats for logging/monitoring
+int ip_ban_get_banned_count(void);
+int ip_ban_get_tracked_count(void);
+
+#endif // IP_BAN_H
@@ -162,6 +162,10 @@ int handle_nip11_http_request(struct lws* wsi, const char* accept_header);
 // Forward declaration for WebSocket relay server
 int start_websocket_relay(int port_override, int strict_port);

+// Forward declarations for IP ban system
+void ip_ban_init(void);
+void ip_ban_load_from_db(sqlite3* db);
+

 // Forward declarations for NIP-13 PoW handling (now in nip013.c)
 void init_pow_config();
@@ -739,13 +743,13 @@ int store_event(cJSON* event) {
    }
    
    // Extract event fields
-    cJSON* id = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "id");
-    cJSON* pubkey = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
-    cJSON* created_at = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "created_at");
-    cJSON* kind = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "kind");
-    cJSON* content = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "content");
-    cJSON* sig = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "sig");
-    cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+    cJSON* id = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "id");
+    cJSON* pubkey = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
+    cJSON* created_at = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "created_at");
+    cJSON* kind = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "kind");
+    cJSON* content = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "content");
+    cJSON* sig = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "sig");
+    cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
    
    if (!id || !pubkey || !created_at || !kind || !content || !sig) {
        DEBUG_ERROR("Invalid event - missing required fields");
@@ -863,8 +867,8 @@ int store_event(cJSON* event) {
    store_event_tags(cJSON_GetStringValue(id), tags);

    // Check if this is a kind 3 event from the admin — trigger WoT sync
-    cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "kind");
-    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+    cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "kind");
+    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
    if (kind_obj && pubkey_obj && cJSON_GetNumberValue(kind_obj) == 3) {
        int wot_level = get_config_int("wot_enabled", 0);
        if (wot_level > 0) {
@@ -881,6 +885,22 @@ int store_event(cJSON* event) {
    return 0;
 }

+// Fast duplicate check: returns 1 if event ID already exists in DB, 0 if not.
+// Uses the primary key index — single B-tree lookup, ~10μs.
+// Call this BEFORE signature verification to skip expensive crypto on duplicates.
+int event_id_exists_in_db(const char* event_id) {
+    if (!g_db || !event_id || strlen(event_id) != 64) return 0;
+
+    sqlite3_stmt* stmt;
+    const char* sql = "SELECT 1 FROM events WHERE id=? LIMIT 1";
+    if (sqlite3_prepare_v2(g_db, sql, -1, &stmt, NULL) != SQLITE_OK) return 0;
+
+    sqlite3_bind_text(stmt, 1, event_id, 64, SQLITE_STATIC);
+    int exists = (sqlite3_step(stmt) == SQLITE_ROW) ? 1 : 0;
+    sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
+    return exists;
+}
+
 // Populate event_tags from existing events (run once at startup)
 int populate_event_tags_from_existing(void) {
    if (!g_db) return -1;
@@ -1005,7 +1025,7 @@ static int is_only_kind_99999_request(cJSON* filters) {
            return 0;
        }
        
-        cJSON* kinds = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter, "kinds");
+        cJSON* kinds = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter, "kinds");
        if (!kinds || !cJSON_IsArray(kinds)) {
            // Filter has no kinds or kinds is not an array - not a pure 99999 request
            return 0;
@@ -1256,7 +1276,7 @@ int handle_req_message(const char* sub_id, cJSON* filters, struct lws *wsi, stru
        // after retrieving events to ensure compatibility with all SQLite versions
        
        // Handle kinds filter
-        cJSON* kinds = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter, "kinds");
+        cJSON* kinds = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter, "kinds");
        if (kinds && cJSON_IsArray(kinds)) {
            int kind_count = cJSON_GetArraySize(kinds);
            if (kind_count > 0) {
@@ -1284,7 +1304,7 @@ int handle_req_message(const char* sub_id, cJSON* filters, struct lws *wsi, stru
        }
        
        // Handle authors filter
-        cJSON* authors = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter, "authors");
+        cJSON* authors = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter, "authors");
        if (authors && cJSON_IsArray(authors)) {
            int author_count = 0;
            // Count valid authors
@@ -1324,7 +1344,7 @@ int handle_req_message(const char* sub_id, cJSON* filters, struct lws *wsi, stru
        }

        // Handle ids filter
-        cJSON* ids = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter, "ids");
+        cJSON* ids = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter, "ids");
        if (ids && cJSON_IsArray(ids)) {
            int id_count = 0;
            // Count valid ids
@@ -1414,7 +1434,7 @@ int handle_req_message(const char* sub_id, cJSON* filters, struct lws *wsi, stru
        }

        // Handle search filter (NIP-50)
-        cJSON* search = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter, "search");
+        cJSON* search = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter, "search");
        if (search && cJSON_IsString(search)) {
            const char* search_term = cJSON_GetStringValue(search);
            if (search_term && strlen(search_term) > 0) {
@@ -1442,7 +1462,7 @@ int handle_req_message(const char* sub_id, cJSON* filters, struct lws *wsi, stru
        }

        // Handle since filter
-        cJSON* since = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter, "since");
+        cJSON* since = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter, "since");
        if (since && cJSON_IsNumber(since)) {
            snprintf(sql_ptr, remaining, " AND created_at >= %ld", (long)cJSON_GetNumberValue(since));
            sql_ptr += strlen(sql_ptr);
@@ -1450,7 +1470,7 @@ int handle_req_message(const char* sub_id, cJSON* filters, struct lws *wsi, stru
        }
        
        // Handle until filter
-        cJSON* until = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter, "until");
+        cJSON* until = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter, "until");
        if (until && cJSON_IsNumber(until)) {
            snprintf(sql_ptr, remaining, " AND created_at <= %ld", (long)cJSON_GetNumberValue(until));
            sql_ptr += strlen(sql_ptr);
@@ -1463,7 +1483,7 @@ int handle_req_message(const char* sub_id, cJSON* filters, struct lws *wsi, stru
        remaining = sizeof(sql) - strlen(sql);
        
        // Handle limit filter
-        cJSON* limit = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter, "limit");
+        cJSON* limit = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter, "limit");
        if (limit && cJSON_IsNumber(limit)) {
            int limit_val = (int)cJSON_GetNumberValue(limit);
            if (limit_val > 0 && limit_val <= 5000) {
@@ -1552,21 +1572,24 @@ int handle_req_message(const char* sub_id, cJSON* filters, struct lws *wsi, stru
                }
            }
            
-            // Build EVENT message using string concatenation (much faster than cJSON operations)
+            // Build EVENT message using zero-copy path: allocate with LWS_PRE prefix,
+            // write directly, transfer ownership to queue — no memcpy.
            // Format: ["EVENT","<sub_id>",<event_json>]
            size_t sub_id_len = strlen(sub_id);
            size_t event_json_len = strlen(event_json_str);
-            size_t msg_len = 10 + sub_id_len + 3 + event_json_len + 1; // ["EVENT",""] + sub_id + "," + event_json + ]
-            
-            char* msg_str = malloc(msg_len + 1);
-            if (msg_str) {
-                snprintf(msg_str, msg_len + 1, "[\"EVENT\",\"%s\",%s]", sub_id, event_json_str);
-                
-                // Use proper message queue system instead of direct lws_write
-                if (queue_message(wsi, pss, msg_str, strlen(msg_str), LWS_WRITE_TEXT) != 0) {
+            size_t msg_len = 10 + sub_id_len + 3 + event_json_len + 1;
+
+            unsigned char* buf = malloc(LWS_PRE + msg_len + 1);
+            if (buf) {
+                char* msg_ptr = (char*)(buf + LWS_PRE);
+                snprintf(msg_ptr, msg_len + 1, "[\"EVENT\",\"%s\",%s]", sub_id, event_json_str);
+                size_t actual_len = strlen(msg_ptr);
+
+                // queue_message_take_ownership takes buf ownership — no memcpy, no free needed here
+                if (queue_message_take_ownership(wsi, pss, buf, actual_len, LWS_WRITE_TEXT) != 0) {
                    DEBUG_ERROR("Failed to queue EVENT message for sub=%s", sub_id);
+                    // buf already freed by queue_message_take_ownership on failure
                }
-                free(msg_str);
            }

            cJSON_Delete(event);
@@ -1606,7 +1629,7 @@ int is_authorized_admin_event(cJSON* event, char* error_buffer, size_t error_buf


    // Step 1: Verify event kind is admin type
-    cJSON *kind_json = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "kind");
+    cJSON *kind_json = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "kind");
    if (!kind_json || !cJSON_IsNumber(kind_json)) {
        snprintf(error_buffer, error_buffer_size, "Missing or invalid event kind");
        return -1;
@@ -1619,7 +1642,7 @@ int is_authorized_admin_event(cJSON* event, char* error_buffer, size_t error_buf
    }

    // Step 2: Check if event targets this relay (look for 'p' tag with our relay pubkey)
-    cJSON *tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+    cJSON *tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
    if (!tags || !cJSON_IsArray(tags)) {
        // No tags array - treat as regular event for different relay
        snprintf(error_buffer, error_buffer_size, "Admin event not targeting this relay (no tags)");
@@ -1654,7 +1677,7 @@ int is_authorized_admin_event(cJSON* event, char* error_buffer, size_t error_buf
    }

    // Step 3: Verify admin signature authorization
-    cJSON *pubkey_json = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+    cJSON *pubkey_json = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
    if (!pubkey_json || !cJSON_IsString(pubkey_json)) {
        DEBUG_WARN("Unauthorized admin event attempt: missing or invalid pubkey");
        snprintf(error_buffer, error_buffer_size, "Unauthorized admin event attempt: missing pubkey");
@@ -2146,6 +2169,10 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    // Cleanup orphaned subscriptions from previous runs
    cleanup_all_subscriptions_on_startup();
    
+    // Initialize IP ban table and load persisted state from database
+    ip_ban_init();
+    ip_ban_load_from_db(g_db);
+
    // Start WebSocket Nostr relay server (port from CLI override or configuration)
    int result = start_websocket_relay(cli_options.port_override, cli_options.strict_port);  // Use CLI port override if specified, otherwise config
    
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 // Using CRELAY_ prefix to avoid conflicts with nostr_core_lib VERSION macros
 #define CRELAY_VERSION_MAJOR 1
 #define CRELAY_VERSION_MINOR 2
-#define CRELAY_VERSION_PATCH 7
-#define CRELAY_VERSION "v1.2.7"
+#define CRELAY_VERSION_PATCH 48
+#define CRELAY_VERSION "v1.2.48"

 // Relay metadata (authoritative source for NIP-11 information)
 #define RELAY_NAME "C-Relay"
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ int handle_deletion_request(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error_size
    }
    
    // Extract event details
-    cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "kind");
-    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
-    cJSON* created_at_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "created_at");
-    cJSON* tags_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
-    cJSON* content_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "content");
-    cJSON* event_id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "id");
+    cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "kind");
+    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
+    cJSON* created_at_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "created_at");
+    cJSON* tags_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
+    cJSON* content_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "content");
+    cJSON* event_id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "id");
    
    if (!kind_obj || !pubkey_obj || !created_at_obj || !tags_obj || !event_id_obj) {
        snprintf(error_message, error_size, "invalid: incomplete deletion request");
@@ -118,6 +118,8 @@ cJSON* generate_relay_info_json() {
    int default_limit = get_config_int("default_limit", 500);
    int min_pow_difficulty = get_config_int("pow_min_difficulty", 0);
    int admin_enabled = get_config_bool("admin_enabled", 0);
+    int wot_enabled = get_config_int("wot_enabled", 0);
+    int auth_enabled = get_config_bool("auth_enabled", 0);

    // Add basic relay information
    if (relay_name && strlen(relay_name) > 0) {
@@ -209,6 +211,9 @@ cJSON* generate_relay_info_json() {
    }

    // Add server limitations
+    // restricted_writes is true when WoT or auth is enabled (only trusted pubkeys can write)
+    int restricted_writes = (wot_enabled > 0 || auth_enabled) ? 1 : 0;
+
    cJSON* limitation = cJSON_CreateObject();
    if (limitation) {
        cJSON_AddNumberToObject(limitation, "max_message_length", max_message_length);
@@ -218,15 +223,31 @@ cJSON* generate_relay_info_json() {
        cJSON_AddNumberToObject(limitation, "max_event_tags", max_event_tags);
        cJSON_AddNumberToObject(limitation, "max_content_length", max_content_length);
        cJSON_AddNumberToObject(limitation, "min_pow_difficulty", min_pow_difficulty);
-        cJSON_AddBoolToObject(limitation, "auth_required", admin_enabled ? cJSON_True : cJSON_False);
+        cJSON_AddBoolToObject(limitation, "auth_required", auth_enabled ? cJSON_True : cJSON_False);
        cJSON_AddBoolToObject(limitation, "payment_required", cJSON_False);
-        cJSON_AddBoolToObject(limitation, "restricted_writes", cJSON_False);
+        cJSON_AddBoolToObject(limitation, "restricted_writes", restricted_writes ? cJSON_True : cJSON_False);
        cJSON_AddNumberToObject(limitation, "created_at_lower_limit", 0);
        cJSON_AddNumberToObject(limitation, "created_at_upper_limit", 2147483647);
        cJSON_AddNumberToObject(limitation, "default_limit", default_limit);
        cJSON_AddItemToObject(info, "limitation", limitation);
    }

+    // Add Web of Trust information when enabled
+    // This informs clients that the relay operates on a trust network
+    if (wot_enabled > 0) {
+        cJSON* wot_info = cJSON_CreateObject();
+        if (wot_info) {
+            cJSON_AddNumberToObject(wot_info, "level", wot_enabled);
+            const char* level_desc = (wot_enabled == 1)
+                ? "write-only: only followed pubkeys can publish events"
+                : "full: only followed pubkeys can publish and subscribe";
+            cJSON_AddStringToObject(wot_info, "description", level_desc);
+            cJSON_AddStringToObject(wot_info, "policy",
+                "Events from pubkeys not in the relay operator's Web of Trust are rejected.");
+            cJSON_AddItemToObject(info, "web_of_trust", wot_info);
+        }
+    }
+
    // Add retention policies (empty array for now)
    cJSON* retention = cJSON_CreateArray();
    if (retention) {
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ int validate_event_pow(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error_size) {
    // If min_pow_difficulty is 0, only validate events that have nonce tags
    // This allows events without PoW when difficulty requirement is 0
    if (min_pow_difficulty == 0) {
-        cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+        cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
        int has_nonce_tag = 0;

        if (tags && cJSON_IsArray(tags)) {
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ int is_event_expired(cJSON* event, time_t current_time) {
        return 0; // Invalid event, not expired
    }

-    cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+    cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
    long expiration_ts = extract_expiration_timestamp(tags);

    if (expiration_ts == 0) {
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ int validate_event_expiration(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error_si
    time_t current_time = time(NULL);
    if (is_event_expired(event, current_time)) {
        if (g_expiration_config.strict_mode) {
-            cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+            cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
            long expiration_ts = extract_expiration_timestamp(tags);

            snprintf(error_message, error_size,
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include "websockets.h"
+#include "ip_ban.h"


 // Forward declaration for notice message function
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ void handle_nip42_auth_signed_event(struct lws* wsi, struct per_session_data* ps
    char authenticated_pubkey[65] = {0};
    if (result == 0) {
        // Extract pubkey from the auth event
-        cJSON* pubkey_json = cJSON_GetObjectItem(auth_event, "pubkey");
+        cJSON* pubkey_json = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(auth_event, "pubkey");
        if (pubkey_json && cJSON_IsString(pubkey_json)) {
            const char* pubkey_str = cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_json);
            if (pubkey_str && strlen(pubkey_str) == 64) {
@@ -125,8 +126,16 @@ void handle_nip42_auth_signed_event(struct lws* wsi, struct per_session_data* ps
        memset(pss->active_challenge, 0, sizeof(pss->active_challenge));
        pss->challenge_expires = 0;
        pss->auth_challenge_sent = 0;
+        // Mark session as active - client sent AUTH
+        pss->session_active = 1;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pss->session_lock);
-        
+
+        // Cancel the auth timeout — client has authenticated, keep connection open
+        lws_set_timeout(wsi, NO_PENDING_TIMEOUT, 0);
+
+        // Record successful auth for this IP — marks it as trusted
+        ip_ban_record_success(pss->client_ip);
+
        send_notice_message(wsi, pss, "NIP-42 authentication successful");
    } else {
        // Authentication failed
@@ -252,13 +252,13 @@ int nostr_validate_unified_request(const char* json_string, size_t json_length)
  }

  // 4. Validate basic event structure
-  cJSON *id = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "id");
-  cJSON *pubkey = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
-  cJSON *created_at = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "created_at");
-  cJSON *kind = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "kind");
-  cJSON *tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
-  cJSON *content = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "content");
-  cJSON *sig = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "sig");
+  cJSON *id = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "id");
+  cJSON *pubkey = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
+  cJSON *created_at = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "created_at");
+  cJSON *kind = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "kind");
+  cJSON *tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
+  cJSON *content = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "content");
+  cJSON *sig = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "sig");

  if (!id || !cJSON_IsString(id) ||
      !pubkey || !cJSON_IsString(pubkey) ||
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ int nostr_validate_unified_request(const char* json_string, size_t json_length)
  // Always check expiration tags if present (following NIP-40 specification)

  cJSON *expiration_tag = NULL;
-  cJSON *tags_array = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+  cJSON *tags_array = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");

  if (tags_array && cJSON_IsArray(tags_array)) {
    cJSON *tag = NULL;
@@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ int nostr_nip42_verify_auth_event(cJSON *event, const char *challenge_id,
  }
  
  // Check if event has the required tags for NIP-42
-  cJSON *tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+  cJSON *tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
  if (!tags || !cJSON_IsArray(tags)) {
    return NOSTR_ERROR_NIP42_AUTH_EVENT_INVALID;
  }
@@ -896,7 +896,7 @@ int nostr_nip42_verify_auth_event(cJSON *event, const char *challenge_id,
  }
  
  // Check created_at timestamp for reasonable bounds
-  cJSON *created_at_json = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "created_at");
+  cJSON *created_at_json = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "created_at");
  if (created_at_json && cJSON_IsNumber(created_at_json)) {
    time_t created_at = (time_t)cJSON_GetNumberValue(created_at_json);
    if (abs((int)(now - created_at)) > time_tolerance_seconds) {
@@ -192,32 +192,32 @@ subscription_filter_t* create_subscription_filter(cJSON* filter_json) {
    }
    
    // Copy filter criteria
-    cJSON* kinds = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter_json, "kinds");
+    cJSON* kinds = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter_json, "kinds");
    if (kinds && cJSON_IsArray(kinds)) {
        filter->kinds = cJSON_Duplicate(kinds, 1);
    }
    
-    cJSON* authors = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter_json, "authors");
+    cJSON* authors = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter_json, "authors");
    if (authors && cJSON_IsArray(authors)) {
        filter->authors = cJSON_Duplicate(authors, 1);
    }
    
-    cJSON* ids = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter_json, "ids");
+    cJSON* ids = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter_json, "ids");
    if (ids && cJSON_IsArray(ids)) {
        filter->ids = cJSON_Duplicate(ids, 1);
    }
    
-    cJSON* since = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter_json, "since");
+    cJSON* since = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter_json, "since");
    if (since && cJSON_IsNumber(since)) {
        filter->since = (long)cJSON_GetNumberValue(since);
    }
    
-    cJSON* until = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter_json, "until");
+    cJSON* until = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter_json, "until");
    if (until && cJSON_IsNumber(until)) {
        filter->until = (long)cJSON_GetNumberValue(until);
    }
    
-    cJSON* limit = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter_json, "limit");
+    cJSON* limit = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter_json, "limit");
    if (limit && cJSON_IsNumber(limit)) {
        filter->limit = (int)cJSON_GetNumberValue(limit);
    }
@@ -532,9 +532,9 @@ int event_matches_filter(cJSON* event, subscription_filter_t* filter) {
    }

    // Debug: Log event details being tested
-    cJSON* event_kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "kind");
-    cJSON* event_id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "id");
-    cJSON* event_created_at_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "created_at");
+    cJSON* event_kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "kind");
+    cJSON* event_id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "id");
+    cJSON* event_created_at_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "created_at");

    DEBUG_TRACE("FILTER_MATCH: Testing event kind=%d id=%.8s created_at=%ld",
        event_kind_obj ? (int)cJSON_GetNumberValue(event_kind_obj) : -1,
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ int event_matches_filter(cJSON* event, subscription_filter_t* filter) {
    if (filter->kinds && cJSON_IsArray(filter->kinds)) {
        DEBUG_TRACE("FILTER_MATCH: Checking kinds filter with %d kinds", cJSON_GetArraySize(filter->kinds));

-        cJSON* event_kind = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "kind");
+        cJSON* event_kind = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "kind");
        if (!event_kind || !cJSON_IsNumber(event_kind)) {
            DEBUG_WARN("FILTER_MATCH: Event has no valid kind field");
            return 0;
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ int event_matches_filter(cJSON* event, subscription_filter_t* filter) {
    
    // Check authors filter
    if (filter->authors && cJSON_IsArray(filter->authors)) {
-        cJSON* event_pubkey = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+        cJSON* event_pubkey = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
        if (!event_pubkey || !cJSON_IsString(event_pubkey)) {
            return 0;
        }
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ int event_matches_filter(cJSON* event, subscription_filter_t* filter) {
    
    // Check IDs filter
    if (filter->ids && cJSON_IsArray(filter->ids)) {
-        cJSON* event_id = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "id");
+        cJSON* event_id = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "id");
        if (!event_id || !cJSON_IsString(event_id)) {
            return 0;
        }
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ int event_matches_filter(cJSON* event, subscription_filter_t* filter) {
    
    // Check since filter
    if (filter->since > 0) {
-        cJSON* event_created_at = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "created_at");
+        cJSON* event_created_at = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "created_at");
        if (!event_created_at || !cJSON_IsNumber(event_created_at)) {
            DEBUG_WARN("FILTER_MATCH: Event has no valid created_at field");
            return 0;
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ int event_matches_filter(cJSON* event, subscription_filter_t* filter) {
    
    // Check until filter
    if (filter->until > 0) {
-        cJSON* event_created_at = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "created_at");
+        cJSON* event_created_at = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "created_at");
        if (!event_created_at || !cJSON_IsNumber(event_created_at)) {
            return 0;
        }
@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ int event_matches_filter(cJSON* event, subscription_filter_t* filter) {
    
    // Check tag filters (e.g., #e, #p tags)
    if (filter->tag_filters && cJSON_IsObject(filter->tag_filters)) {
-        cJSON* event_tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+        cJSON* event_tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
        if (!event_tags || !cJSON_IsArray(event_tags)) {
            return 0; // Event has no tags but filter requires tags
        }
@@ -777,9 +777,9 @@ int broadcast_event_to_subscriptions(cJSON* event) {
    int broadcasts = 0;

    // Log event details
-    cJSON* event_kind = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "kind");
-    cJSON* event_id = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "id");
-    cJSON* event_created_at = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "created_at");
+    cJSON* event_kind = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "kind");
+    cJSON* event_id = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "id");
+    cJSON* event_created_at = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "created_at");

    DEBUG_TRACE("BROADCAST: Event kind=%d id=%.8s created_at=%ld",
        event_kind ? (int)cJSON_GetNumberValue(event_kind) : -1,
@@ -876,12 +876,11 @@ int broadcast_event_to_subscriptions(cJSON* event) {
        // Serialize event once per subscription using pre-serialized event_json if available,
        // otherwise fall back to cJSON serialization.
        // Format: ["EVENT","<sub_id>",<event_json>]
-        cJSON* event_id_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "id");
        const char* event_json_str = NULL;
        char* event_json_allocated = NULL;

        // Try to get pre-serialized event_json field first (fast path)
-        cJSON* event_json_field = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "event_json");
+        cJSON* event_json_field = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "event_json");
        if (event_json_field && cJSON_IsString(event_json_field)) {
            event_json_str = cJSON_GetStringValue(event_json_field);
        } else {
@@ -895,16 +894,19 @@ int broadcast_event_to_subscriptions(cJSON* event) {
            size_t event_json_len = strlen(event_json_str);
            // ["EVENT","<sub_id>",<event_json>]
            size_t msg_len = 10 + sub_id_len + 3 + event_json_len + 1;
-            char* msg_str = malloc(msg_len + 1);
-            if (msg_str) {
-                snprintf(msg_str, msg_len + 1, "[\"EVENT\",\"%s\",%s]", current_temp->id, event_json_str);
-                size_t actual_len = strlen(msg_str);
+
+            // Zero-copy: allocate with LWS_PRE prefix, write directly, transfer ownership to queue
+            unsigned char* buf = malloc(LWS_PRE + msg_len + 1);
+            if (buf) {
+                char* msg_ptr = (char*)(buf + LWS_PRE);
+                snprintf(msg_ptr, msg_len + 1, "[\"EVENT\",\"%s\",%s]", current_temp->id, event_json_str);
+                size_t actual_len = strlen(msg_ptr);

                DEBUG_TRACE("WS_FRAME_SEND: type=EVENT sub=%s len=%zu", current_temp->id, actual_len);

-                // Queue message for proper libwebsockets pattern
                struct per_session_data* pss = (struct per_session_data*)lws_wsi_user(current_temp->wsi);
-                if (queue_message(current_temp->wsi, pss, msg_str, actual_len, LWS_WRITE_TEXT) == 0) {
+                // queue_message_take_ownership takes buf ownership — no memcpy, no free needed here
+                if (queue_message_take_ownership(current_temp->wsi, pss, buf, actual_len, LWS_WRITE_TEXT) == 0) {
                    broadcasts++;

                    // Update events sent counter for this subscription
@@ -922,8 +924,8 @@ int broadcast_event_to_subscriptions(cJSON* event) {
                    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_subscription_manager.subscriptions_lock);
                } else {
                    DEBUG_ERROR("Failed to queue EVENT message for sub=%s", current_temp->id);
+                    // buf already freed by queue_message_take_ownership on failure
                }
-                free(msg_str);
            }
        }
        if (event_json_allocated) {
@@ -1473,7 +1475,7 @@ int validate_filter_values(cJSON* filter_json, char* error_message, size_t error
    int has_kind_99999 = 0;  // Track if we encounter kind 99999 (NDK ping)

    // Validate kinds array
-    cJSON* kinds = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter_json, "kinds");
+    cJSON* kinds = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter_json, "kinds");
    if (kinds) {
        if (!cJSON_IsArray(kinds)) {
            snprintf(error_message, error_size, "kinds must be an array");
@@ -1516,7 +1518,7 @@ int validate_filter_values(cJSON* filter_json, char* error_message, size_t error
    }

    // Validate authors array
-    cJSON* authors = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter_json, "authors");
+    cJSON* authors = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter_json, "authors");
    if (authors) {
        if (!cJSON_IsArray(authors)) {
            snprintf(error_message, error_size, "authors must be an array");
@@ -1556,7 +1558,7 @@ int validate_filter_values(cJSON* filter_json, char* error_message, size_t error
    }

    // Validate ids array
-    cJSON* ids = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter_json, "ids");
+    cJSON* ids = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter_json, "ids");
    if (ids) {
        if (!cJSON_IsArray(ids)) {
            snprintf(error_message, error_size, "ids must be an array");
@@ -1598,7 +1600,7 @@ int validate_filter_values(cJSON* filter_json, char* error_message, size_t error
    // Validate since/until timestamps
    long since_val = 0, until_val = 0;

-    cJSON* since = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter_json, "since");
+    cJSON* since = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter_json, "since");
    if (since) {
        if (!cJSON_IsNumber(since)) {
            snprintf(error_message, error_size, "since must be a number");
@@ -1607,7 +1609,7 @@ int validate_filter_values(cJSON* filter_json, char* error_message, size_t error
        since_val = (long)cJSON_GetNumberValue(since);
    }

-    cJSON* until = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter_json, "until");
+    cJSON* until = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter_json, "until");
    if (until) {
        if (!cJSON_IsNumber(until)) {
            snprintf(error_message, error_size, "until must be a number");
@@ -1621,7 +1623,7 @@ int validate_filter_values(cJSON* filter_json, char* error_message, size_t error
    }

    // Validate limit
-    cJSON* limit = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter_json, "limit");
+    cJSON* limit = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter_json, "limit");
    if (limit) {
        if (!cJSON_IsNumber(limit)) {
            snprintf(error_message, error_size, "limit must be a number");
@@ -1635,7 +1637,7 @@ int validate_filter_values(cJSON* filter_json, char* error_message, size_t error
    }

    // Validate search term
-    cJSON* search = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter_json, "search");
+    cJSON* search = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter_json, "search");
    if (search) {
        if (!cJSON_IsString(search)) {
            snprintf(error_message, error_size, "search must be a string");
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "embedded_web_content.h"  // Embedded web content
 #include "api.h"  // API for embedded files
 #include "dm_admin.h"  // DM admin functions including NIP-17
+#include "ip_ban.h"  // IP auth failure ban system

 // Forward declarations for logging functions

@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ int remove_subscription_from_manager(const char* sub_id, struct lws* wsi);
 // Forward declarations for event handling
 int handle_event_message(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error_size);
 int nostr_validate_unified_request(const char* json_string, size_t json_length);
+int event_id_exists_in_db(const char* event_id);

 // Forward declarations for admin event processing
 int process_admin_event_in_config(cJSON* event, char* error_message, size_t error_size, struct lws* wsi);
@@ -114,6 +116,83 @@ extern struct lws_context *ws_context;
 // Global subscription manager
 struct subscription_manager g_subscription_manager;

+// Global connection list for idle connection tracking
+// Tracks ALL WebSocket connections (not just subscribed ones)
+// so the periodic timer can find and close idle connections
+#define MAX_TRACKED_CONNECTIONS 4096
+
+typedef struct {
+    struct lws* wsi;
+    struct per_session_data* pss;
+} tracked_connection_t;
+
+static tracked_connection_t g_connections[MAX_TRACKED_CONNECTIONS];
+static int g_connection_count = 0;
+static pthread_mutex_t g_connections_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+
+int get_active_connection_count(void) { return g_connection_count; }
+
+static void connection_list_add(struct lws* wsi, struct per_session_data* pss) {
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_connections_lock);
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_TRACKED_CONNECTIONS; i++) {
+        if (g_connections[i].wsi == NULL) {
+            g_connections[i].wsi = wsi;
+            g_connections[i].pss = pss;
+            g_connection_count++;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_connections_lock);
+}
+
+static void connection_list_remove(struct lws* wsi) {
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_connections_lock);
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_TRACKED_CONNECTIONS; i++) {
+        if (g_connections[i].wsi == wsi) {
+            g_connections[i].wsi = NULL;
+            g_connections[i].pss = NULL;
+            g_connection_count--;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_connections_lock);
+}
+
+// Check all tracked connections for idle timeout and close them
+// Called from the periodic maintenance timer (every 60 seconds)
+static void check_idle_connections(int idle_timeout_sec) {
+    if (idle_timeout_sec <= 0) return;
+
+    time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+    // Collect WSIs to close outside the lock to avoid deadlock
+    struct lws* to_close[MAX_TRACKED_CONNECTIONS];
+    int close_count = 0;
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_connections_lock);
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_TRACKED_CONNECTIONS; i++) {
+        if (g_connections[i].wsi == NULL || g_connections[i].pss == NULL) continue;
+        struct per_session_data* pss = g_connections[i].pss;
+        if (pss->session_active) continue; // Already active — skip
+        if (pss->connection_established <= 0) continue;
+        time_t age = now - pss->connection_established;
+        if (age >= idle_timeout_sec) {
+            to_close[close_count++] = g_connections[i].wsi;
+        }
+    }
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_connections_lock);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < close_count; i++) {
+        // Get pss again safely — it may have been freed if connection closed between lock release and here
+        struct per_session_data* pss = (struct per_session_data*)lws_wsi_user(to_close[i]);
+        if (!pss) continue;
+        DEBUG_LOG("Closing idle connection from %s (no REQ/EVENT after %d seconds)",
+                  pss->client_ip, idle_timeout_sec);
+        lws_close_reason(to_close[i], LWS_CLOSE_STATUS_POLICY_VIOLATION,
+                         (unsigned char*)"Idle connection timeout", 23);
+    }
+}
+


 // Message queue functions for proper libwebsockets pattern
@@ -194,6 +273,66 @@ int queue_message(struct lws* wsi, struct per_session_data* pss, const char* mes
    return 0;
 }

+/**
+ * Zero-copy variant of queue_message. The caller allocates a buffer of
+ * (LWS_PRE + length) bytes, writes the message at (buf + LWS_PRE), then
+ * passes ownership to the queue. The queue will free buf when done.
+ * No memcpy is performed — eliminates one copy per queued message.
+ *
+ * @param wsi WebSocket instance
+ * @param pss Per-session data containing message queue
+ * @param buf Pre-allocated buffer of size (LWS_PRE + length); ownership transferred
+ * @param length Length of message (NOT including LWS_PRE)
+ * @param type LWS_WRITE_* type
+ * @return 0 on success, -1 on error (buf is freed on error)
+ */
+int queue_message_take_ownership(struct lws* wsi, struct per_session_data* pss, unsigned char* buf, size_t length, enum lws_write_protocol type) {
+    if (!wsi || !pss || !buf || length == 0) {
+        DEBUG_ERROR("queue_message_take_ownership: invalid parameters");
+        free(buf);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // Drop message if queue is full
+    if (pss->message_queue_count >= MAX_MESSAGE_QUEUE_SIZE) {
+        DEBUG_WARN("queue_message_take_ownership: queue full (%d), dropping message",
+                   pss->message_queue_count);
+        free(buf);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    struct message_queue_node* node = malloc(sizeof(struct message_queue_node));
+    if (!node) {
+        DEBUG_ERROR("queue_message_take_ownership: failed to allocate queue node");
+        free(buf);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    node->data = buf;       // buf already has LWS_PRE prefix — no copy needed
+    node->length = length;
+    node->type = type;
+    node->next = NULL;
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&pss->session_lock);
+    if (!pss->message_queue_head) {
+        pss->message_queue_head = node;
+        pss->message_queue_tail = node;
+    } else {
+        pss->message_queue_tail->next = node;
+        pss->message_queue_tail = node;
+    }
+    pss->message_queue_count++;
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pss->session_lock);
+
+    if (!pss->writeable_requested) {
+        pss->writeable_requested = 1;
+        lws_callback_on_writable(wsi);
+    }
+
+    DEBUG_TRACE("Queued message (zero-copy): len=%zu, queue_count=%d", length, pss->message_queue_count);
+    return 0;
+}
+
 /**
 * Process message queue when the socket becomes writeable.
 * This function is called from LWS_CALLBACK_SERVER_WRITEABLE.
@@ -268,6 +407,12 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
    switch (reason) {
        case LWS_CALLBACK_HTTP:
            // Handle HTTP requests
+            // Mark session as active so HTTP requests don't trigger idle ban
+            if (pss) {
+                pthread_mutex_lock(&pss->session_lock);
+                pss->session_active = 1;
+                pthread_mutex_unlock(&pss->session_lock);
+            }
            {
                char *requested_uri = (char *)in;

@@ -321,6 +466,12 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
                        int is_nip11_request = (strstr(accept_header, "application/nostr+json") != NULL);

                        if (is_nip11_request) {
+                            // Mark session as active so HTTP requests don't trigger idle ban
+                            if (pss) {
+                                pthread_mutex_lock(&pss->session_lock);
+                                pss->session_active = 1;
+                                pthread_mutex_unlock(&pss->session_lock);
+                            }
                            // Handle NIP-11 request
                            if (handle_nip11_http_request(wsi, accept_header) == 0) {
                                return 0; // Successfully handled
@@ -484,6 +635,50 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
            memset(pss->active_challenge, 0, sizeof(pss->active_challenge));
            pss->challenge_created = 0;
            pss->challenge_expires = 0;
+
+            // Mark as WebSocket connection (not HTTP)
+            pss->is_websocket = 1;
+
+            // Register in global connection list for idle tracking
+            connection_list_add(wsi, pss);
+
+            // Record connection for stats tracking
+            ip_ban_record_connection(pss->client_ip);
+
+            // Check IP ban using the resolved client IP (which may be from X-Forwarded-For).
+            // This must happen AFTER pss->client_ip is populated so the same IP string
+            // is used for both ban recording (at CLOSED) and ban checking (here).
+            if (ip_ban_is_banned(pss->client_ip)) {
+                DEBUG_LOG("Rejecting banned IP %s at connection establishment", pss->client_ip);
+                return -1;  // Close connection immediately — no challenge, no processing
+            }
+
+            // Initialize session activity tracking
+            pss->session_active = 0;
+            pss->idle_timeout_sec = get_config_int("idle_connection_timeout_sec", 30);
+
+            // Set idle timeout for ALL connections (not just auth-required)
+            // This catches bots that connect and do nothing
+            if (pss->idle_timeout_sec > 0) {
+                lws_set_timeout(wsi, PENDING_TIMEOUT_AWAITING_PING, pss->idle_timeout_sec);
+                DEBUG_TRACE("Idle timeout set: %d seconds for connection from %s",
+                            pss->idle_timeout_sec, pss->client_ip);
+            }
+
+            // Also set auth timeout if auth is required (separate concern)
+            if (pss->nip42_auth_required_events || pss->nip42_auth_required_subscriptions) {
+                int auth_timeout = get_config_int("nip42_auth_timeout_sec", 10);
+                // Use the shorter of the two timeouts
+                int effective_timeout = (pss->idle_timeout_sec > 0 && pss->idle_timeout_sec < auth_timeout)
+                                        ? pss->idle_timeout_sec
+                                        : auth_timeout;
+                if (effective_timeout > 0) {
+                    lws_set_timeout(wsi, PENDING_TIMEOUT_AWAITING_PING, effective_timeout);
+                    DEBUG_TRACE("Auth timeout set: %d seconds for unauthenticated connection from %s",
+                                effective_timeout, pss->client_ip);
+                }
+            }
+
            DEBUG_TRACE("WebSocket connection initialization complete");
            break;
            
@@ -580,6 +775,14 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
                                const char* msg_type = cJSON_GetStringValue(type);

                                if (strcmp(msg_type, "EVENT") == 0) {
+                                    // Mark session as active - client sent EVENT
+                                    pthread_mutex_lock(&pss->session_lock);
+                                    pss->session_active = 1;
+                                    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pss->session_lock);
+
+                                    // Cancel idle timeout - this is legitimate usage
+                                    lws_set_timeout(wsi, NO_PENDING_TIMEOUT, 0);
+
                                    // Handle EVENT message
                                    cJSON* event = cJSON_GetArrayItem(json, 1);
                                    if (event && cJSON_IsObject(event)) {
@@ -609,6 +812,27 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
                                            return 0;
                                        }

+                                        // Early duplicate check: skip expensive crypto for events already in DB.
+                                        // The event id is a 64-char hex string — look it up via primary key index (~10μs).
+                                        // This must happen AFTER we have the id string but BEFORE signature verification.
+                                        cJSON* id_obj_dup = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "id");
+                                        if (id_obj_dup && cJSON_IsString(id_obj_dup)) {
+                                            const char* event_id_str = cJSON_GetStringValue(id_obj_dup);
+                                            if (event_id_str && event_id_exists_in_db(event_id_str)) {
+                                                // Already have this event — send OK true and skip crypto
+                                                DEBUG_TRACE("Duplicate event %s — skipping signature verification", event_id_str);
+                                                char ok_msg[128];
+                                                snprintf(ok_msg, sizeof(ok_msg),
+                                                    "[\"OK\",\"%s\",true,\"duplicate: already have this event\"]",
+                                                    event_id_str);
+                                                size_t ok_len = strlen(ok_msg);
+                                                queue_message(wsi, pss, ok_msg, ok_len, LWS_WRITE_TEXT);
+                                                free(event_json_str);
+                                                cJSON_Delete(json);
+                                                return 0;
+                                            }
+                                        }
+
                                        // Call unified validator with JSON string
                                        size_t event_json_len = strlen(event_json_str);
                                        int validation_result = nostr_validate_unified_request(event_json_str, event_json_len);
@@ -654,7 +878,7 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
                                        if (result == 0) {
                                            // Check if event has protected tag ["-"]
                                            int is_protected_event = 0;
-                                            cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+                                            cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
                                            if (tags && cJSON_IsArray(tags)) {
                                                cJSON* tag = NULL;
                                                cJSON_ArrayForEach(tag, tags) {
@@ -681,7 +905,7 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
                                                    DEBUG_WARN("Protected event rejected: protected events not enabled");
                                                } else {
                                                    // Protected events enabled - check authentication
-                                                    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+                                                    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
                                                    const char* event_pubkey = pubkey_obj ? cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_obj) : NULL;

                                                    if (!pss || !pss->authenticated ||
@@ -698,7 +922,7 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso

                                        // Check for admin events (kind 23456) and intercept them
                                        if (result == 0) {
-                                            cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "kind");
+                                            cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "kind");
                                            if (kind_obj && cJSON_IsNumber(kind_obj)) {
                                                int event_kind = (int)cJSON_GetNumberValue(kind_obj);

@@ -890,7 +1114,7 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
                                        }

                                        // Send OK response
-                                        cJSON* event_id = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "id");
+                                        cJSON* event_id = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "id");
                                        if (event_id && cJSON_IsString(event_id)) {
                                            cJSON* response = cJSON_CreateArray();
                                            cJSON_AddItemToArray(response, cJSON_CreateString("OK"));
@@ -929,6 +1153,21 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
                                        } else {
                                            send_notice_message(wsi, pss, "NIP-42 authentication required for subscriptions");
                                            DEBUG_WARN("REQ rejected: NIP-42 authentication required");
+
+                                            // Auth timeout: close connection if challenge was sent but client
+                                            // hasn't authenticated within nip42_auth_timeout_sec seconds
+                                            int auth_timeout = get_config_int("nip42_auth_timeout_sec", 10);
+                                            if (auth_timeout > 0 && pss->connection_established > 0) {
+                                                time_t connection_age = time(NULL) - pss->connection_established;
+                                                if (connection_age >= auth_timeout) {
+                                                    DEBUG_LOG("Closing unauthenticated connection from %s after %ld seconds (timeout=%d)",
+                                                              pss->client_ip, connection_age, auth_timeout);
+                                                    lws_close_reason(wsi, LWS_CLOSE_STATUS_POLICY_VIOLATION,
+                                                                     (unsigned char*)"Authentication timeout", 22);
+                                                    cJSON_Delete(json);
+                                                    return -1;
+                                                }
+                                            }
                                        }
                                        cJSON_Delete(json);
                                        // Note: complete_message points to reassembly_buffer, which is managed separately
@@ -949,7 +1188,15 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
                                            return 0;
                                        }
                                    }
-    
+
+                                    // Mark session as active - client sent REQ
+                                    pthread_mutex_lock(&pss->session_lock);
+                                    pss->session_active = 1;
+                                    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pss->session_lock);
+
+                                    // Cancel idle timeout - this is legitimate usage
+                                    lws_set_timeout(wsi, NO_PENDING_TIMEOUT, 0);
+
                                    DEBUG_TRACE("REQ message passed authentication check");

                                    // Handle REQ message
@@ -1247,15 +1494,23 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
                            const char* msg_type = cJSON_GetStringValue(type);

                            if (strcmp(msg_type, "EVENT") == 0) {
+                                // Mark session as active - client sent EVENT
+                                pthread_mutex_lock(&pss->session_lock);
+                                pss->session_active = 1;
+                                pthread_mutex_unlock(&pss->session_lock);
+
+                                // Cancel idle timeout - this is legitimate usage
+                                lws_set_timeout(wsi, NO_PENDING_TIMEOUT, 0);
+
                                // Extract event for kind-specific NIP-42 authentication check
                                cJSON* event_obj = cJSON_GetArrayItem(json, 1);
                                if (event_obj && cJSON_IsObject(event_obj)) {
                                    // Extract event kind for kind-specific NIP-42 authentication check
-                                    cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event_obj, "kind");
+                                    cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event_obj, "kind");
                                    int event_kind = kind_obj && cJSON_IsNumber(kind_obj) ? (int)cJSON_GetNumberValue(kind_obj) : -1;

                                    // Extract pubkey for debugging
-                                    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event_obj, "pubkey");
+                                    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event_obj, "pubkey");
                                    const char* event_pubkey = pubkey_obj ? cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_obj) : "unknown";

                                    // Check if NIP-42 authentication is required for this event kind or globally
@@ -1264,7 +1519,7 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
                                    // Special case: allow kind 14 DMs addressed to relay to bypass auth (admin commands)
                                    int bypass_auth = 0;
                                    if (event_kind == 14 && event_obj && cJSON_IsObject(event_obj)) {
-                                        cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event_obj, "tags");
+                                        cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event_obj, "tags");
                                        if (tags && cJSON_IsArray(tags)) {
                                            const char* relay_pubkey = get_config_value("relay_pubkey");
                                            if (relay_pubkey) {
@@ -1344,6 +1599,25 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
                                        return 0;
                                    }
                                    
+                                    // Early duplicate check: skip expensive crypto for events already in DB.
+                                    cJSON* id_obj_dup2 = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "id");
+                                    if (id_obj_dup2 && cJSON_IsString(id_obj_dup2)) {
+                                        const char* event_id_str2 = cJSON_GetStringValue(id_obj_dup2);
+                                        if (event_id_str2 && event_id_exists_in_db(event_id_str2)) {
+                                            DEBUG_TRACE("Duplicate event %s — skipping signature verification", event_id_str2);
+                                            char ok_msg2[128];
+                                            snprintf(ok_msg2, sizeof(ok_msg2),
+                                                "[\"OK\",\"%s\",true,\"duplicate: already have this event\"]",
+                                                event_id_str2);
+                                            size_t ok_len2 = strlen(ok_msg2);
+                                            queue_message(wsi, pss, ok_msg2, ok_len2, LWS_WRITE_TEXT);
+                                            free(event_json_str);
+                                            cJSON_Delete(json);
+                                            free(message);
+                                            return 0;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+
                                    // Call unified validator with JSON string
                                    size_t event_json_len = strlen(event_json_str);
                                    int validation_result = nostr_validate_unified_request(event_json_str, event_json_len);
@@ -1390,7 +1664,7 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
                                    if (result == 0) {
                                        // Check if event has protected tag ["-"]
                                        int is_protected_event = 0;
-                                        cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "tags");
+                                        cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "tags");
                                        if (tags && cJSON_IsArray(tags)) {
                                            cJSON* tag = NULL;
                                            cJSON_ArrayForEach(tag, tags) {
@@ -1417,7 +1691,7 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
                                                DEBUG_WARN("Protected event rejected: protected events not enabled");
                                            } else {
                                                // Protected events enabled - check authentication
-                                                cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "pubkey");
+                                                cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "pubkey");
                                                const char* event_pubkey = pubkey_obj ? cJSON_GetStringValue(pubkey_obj) : NULL;

                                                if (!pss || !pss->authenticated ||
@@ -1434,7 +1708,7 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso

                                    // Check for admin events (kind 23456) and intercept them
                                    if (result == 0) {
-                                        cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "kind");
+                                        cJSON* kind_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "kind");
                                        if (kind_obj && cJSON_IsNumber(kind_obj)) {
                                            int event_kind = (int)cJSON_GetNumberValue(kind_obj);

@@ -1626,7 +1900,7 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
                                    }
                                    
                                    // Send OK response
-                                    cJSON* event_id = cJSON_GetObjectItem(event, "id");
+                                    cJSON* event_id = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(event, "id");
                                    if (event_id && cJSON_IsString(event_id)) {
                                        cJSON* response = cJSON_CreateArray();
                                        cJSON_AddItemToArray(response, cJSON_CreateString("OK"));
@@ -1667,6 +1941,22 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
                                    } else {
                                        send_notice_message(wsi, pss, "NIP-42 authentication required for subscriptions");
                                        DEBUG_WARN("REQ rejected: NIP-42 authentication required");
+
+                                        // Auth timeout: close connection if challenge was sent but client
+                                        // hasn't authenticated within nip42_auth_timeout_sec seconds
+                                        int auth_timeout = get_config_int("nip42_auth_timeout_sec", 10);
+                                        if (auth_timeout > 0 && pss->connection_established > 0) {
+                                            time_t connection_age = time(NULL) - pss->connection_established;
+                                            if (connection_age >= auth_timeout) {
+                                                DEBUG_LOG("Closing unauthenticated connection from %s after %ld seconds (timeout=%d)",
+                                                          pss->client_ip, connection_age, auth_timeout);
+                                                lws_close_reason(wsi, LWS_CLOSE_STATUS_POLICY_VIOLATION,
+                                                                 (unsigned char*)"Authentication timeout", 22);
+                                                cJSON_Delete(json);
+                                                free(message);
+                                                return -1;
+                                            }
+                                        }
                                    }
                                    cJSON_Delete(json);
                                    free(message);
@@ -1679,9 +1969,17 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
                            cJSON* sub_id = cJSON_GetArrayItem(json, 1);

                            if (sub_id && cJSON_IsString(sub_id)) {
-                                const char* subscription_id = cJSON_GetStringValue(sub_id);
+                            const char* subscription_id = cJSON_GetStringValue(sub_id);

-                                DEBUG_TRACE("Processing REQ message for subscription %s", subscription_id);
+                            // Mark session as active - client sent REQ
+                            pthread_mutex_lock(&pss->session_lock);
+                            pss->session_active = 1;
+                            pthread_mutex_unlock(&pss->session_lock);
+
+                            // Cancel idle timeout - this is legitimate usage
+                            lws_set_timeout(wsi, NO_PENDING_TIMEOUT, 0);
+
+                            DEBUG_TRACE("Processing REQ message for subscription %s", subscription_id);

                                // Validate subscription ID before processing
                                if (!subscription_id) {
@@ -1946,7 +2244,10 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso

        case LWS_CALLBACK_CLOSED:
            DEBUG_TRACE("WebSocket connection closed");
-            
+
+            // Remove from global connection list (must happen before pss cleanup)
+            connection_list_remove(wsi);
+
            // Enhanced closure logging with detailed diagnostics
            if (pss) {
                // Calculate connection duration
@@ -1959,6 +2260,26 @@ static int nostr_relay_callback(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_callback_reasons reaso
                if (g_shutdown_flag || !g_server_running) {
                    reason = "server_shutdown";
                }
+
+                // Record failure if connection closed without ever becoming active
+                // This catches:
+                // 1. Idle connections that timed out (never sent REQ/EVENT/AUTH)
+                // 2. Early disconnects (client closed before sending REQ/EVENT/AUTH)
+                // Only record for WebSocket connections, not HTTP requests (NIP-11, embedded files)
+                if (!pss->session_active && pss->is_websocket && strlen(pss->client_ip) > 0) {
+                    // Use separate idle failure recording (has its own threshold/duration)
+                    ip_ban_record_idle_failure(pss->client_ip);
+                    DEBUG_LOG("Recording idle/early-disconnect failure for IP %s (connected %ld seconds)",
+                              pss->client_ip,
+                              time(NULL) - pss->connection_established);
+                }
+                // Legacy: record auth failure if auth was required but not completed
+                else if (!pss->authenticated &&
+                         (pss->nip42_auth_required_events || pss->nip42_auth_required_subscriptions) &&
+                         pss->auth_challenge_sent &&
+                         strlen(pss->client_ip) > 0) {
+                    ip_ban_record_failure(pss->client_ip);
+                }
                
                // Format authentication status
                char auth_status[80];
@@ -2125,6 +2446,11 @@ static void check_connection_age(int max_connection_seconds) {
    
    // Cleanup
    free(checked_wsis);
+
+    // Periodic IP ban maintenance: cleanup expired entries, log stats, save to DB
+    ip_ban_cleanup();
+    extern sqlite3* g_db;
+    ip_ban_log_stats(g_db);
 }

 // WebSocket protocol definition
@@ -2321,11 +2647,30 @@ int start_websocket_relay(int port_override, int strict_port) {
            }
        }
        
-        // Check connection age limits (every 60 seconds)
+        // Check connection age limits and run IP ban maintenance (every 60 seconds)
        int max_connection_seconds = get_config_int("max_connection_seconds", 86400);
-        if (max_connection_seconds > 0 && (current_time - last_connection_age_check >= 60)) {
+        if (current_time - last_connection_age_check >= 60) {
            last_connection_age_check = current_time;
-            check_connection_age(max_connection_seconds);
+
+            // Live debug level update: read from config table so it can be changed
+            // without restarting the relay (via config_set admin command or direct SQL)
+            int config_debug_level = get_config_int("debug_level", -1);
+            if (config_debug_level >= 0 && config_debug_level != g_debug_level) {
+                DEBUG_WARN("Debug level changed: %d -> %d", g_debug_level, config_debug_level);
+                g_debug_level = config_debug_level;
+            }
+            // Check and close idle connections (no REQ/EVENT sent within timeout)
+            int idle_timeout_sec = get_config_int("idle_connection_timeout_sec", 30);
+            check_idle_connections(idle_timeout_sec);
+
+            if (max_connection_seconds > 0) {
+                check_connection_age(max_connection_seconds);
+            } else {
+                // Even when connection age limit is disabled, run IP ban maintenance
+                ip_ban_cleanup();
+                extern sqlite3* g_db;
+                ip_ban_log_stats(g_db);
+            }
        }
    }

@@ -2344,7 +2689,7 @@ int process_dm_stats_command(cJSON* dm_event, char* error_message, size_t error_
    }

    // Check if DM is addressed to relay
-    cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItem(dm_event, "tags");
+    cJSON* tags = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(dm_event, "tags");
    if (!tags || !cJSON_IsArray(tags)) {
        strncpy(error_message, "DM missing or invalid tags", error_size - 1);
        return -1;
@@ -2380,7 +2725,7 @@ int process_dm_stats_command(cJSON* dm_event, char* error_message, size_t error_
    }

    // Get sender pubkey
-    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(dm_event, "pubkey");
+    cJSON* pubkey_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(dm_event, "pubkey");
    if (!pubkey_obj || !cJSON_IsString(pubkey_obj)) {
        strncpy(error_message, "DM missing sender pubkey", error_size - 1);
        return -1;
@@ -2419,7 +2764,7 @@ int process_dm_stats_command(cJSON* dm_event, char* error_message, size_t error_
    }

    // Get encrypted content
-    cJSON* content_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(dm_event, "content");
+    cJSON* content_obj = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(dm_event, "content");
    if (!content_obj || !cJSON_IsString(content_obj)) {
        strncpy(error_message, "DM missing content", error_size - 1);
        return -1;
@@ -2545,7 +2890,7 @@ int handle_count_message(const char* sub_id, cJSON* filters, struct lws *wsi, st
        // after retrieving events to ensure compatibility with all SQLite versions

        // Handle kinds filter
-        cJSON* kinds = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter, "kinds");
+        cJSON* kinds = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter, "kinds");
        if (kinds && cJSON_IsArray(kinds)) {
            int kind_count = cJSON_GetArraySize(kinds);
            if (kind_count > 0) {
@@ -2573,7 +2918,7 @@ int handle_count_message(const char* sub_id, cJSON* filters, struct lws *wsi, st
        }

        // Handle authors filter
-        cJSON* authors = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter, "authors");
+        cJSON* authors = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter, "authors");
        if (authors && cJSON_IsArray(authors)) {
            int author_count = 0;
            // Count valid authors
@@ -2617,7 +2962,7 @@ int handle_count_message(const char* sub_id, cJSON* filters, struct lws *wsi, st
        }

        // Handle ids filter
-        cJSON* ids = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter, "ids");
+        cJSON* ids = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter, "ids");
        if (ids && cJSON_IsArray(ids)) {
            int id_count = 0;
            // Count valid ids
@@ -2719,7 +3064,7 @@ int handle_count_message(const char* sub_id, cJSON* filters, struct lws *wsi, st
        }

        // Handle search filter (NIP-50)
-        cJSON* search = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter, "search");
+        cJSON* search = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter, "search");
        if (search && cJSON_IsString(search)) {
            const char* search_term = cJSON_GetStringValue(search);
            if (search_term && strlen(search_term) > 0) {
@@ -2747,7 +3092,7 @@ int handle_count_message(const char* sub_id, cJSON* filters, struct lws *wsi, st
        }

        // Handle since filter
-        cJSON* since = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter, "since");
+        cJSON* since = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter, "since");
        if (since && cJSON_IsNumber(since)) {
            snprintf(sql_ptr, remaining, " AND created_at >= %ld", (long)cJSON_GetNumberValue(since));
            sql_ptr += strlen(sql_ptr);
@@ -2755,7 +3100,7 @@ int handle_count_message(const char* sub_id, cJSON* filters, struct lws *wsi, st
        }

        // Handle until filter
-        cJSON* until = cJSON_GetObjectItem(filter, "until");
+        cJSON* until = cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(filter, "until");
        if (until && cJSON_IsNumber(until)) {
            snprintf(sql_ptr, remaining, " AND created_at <= %ld", (long)cJSON_GetNumberValue(until));
            sql_ptr += strlen(sql_ptr);
@@ -89,8 +89,16 @@ struct per_session_data {
    int db_queries_executed;                  // Total SELECT queries executed by this connection
    int db_rows_returned;                     // Total rows returned across all queries
    time_t query_tracking_start;              // When connection was established (for rate calculation)
+
+    // Session activity tracking for idle connection banning
+    int session_active;                       // 1 if client sent REQ or EVENT, 0 otherwise
+    int idle_timeout_sec;                     // Timeout value for this session (copied from config)
+    int is_websocket;                         // 1 if this is a WebSocket connection, 0 for HTTP
 };

+// Get current active WebSocket connection count
+int get_active_connection_count(void);
+
 // NIP-11 HTTP session data structure for managing buffer lifetime
 struct nip11_session_data {
    int type; // 0 for NIP-11
@@ -107,6 +115,10 @@ int start_websocket_relay(int port_override, int strict_port);
 int queue_message(struct lws* wsi, struct per_session_data* pss, const char* message, size_t length, enum lws_write_protocol type);
 int process_message_queue(struct lws* wsi, struct per_session_data* pss);

+// Zero-copy variant: caller allocates (LWS_PRE + length) bytes, writes message at buf+LWS_PRE,
+// then passes ownership to the queue. The queue will free buf when done. No memcpy performed.
+int queue_message_take_ownership(struct lws* wsi, struct per_session_data* pss, unsigned char* buf, size_t length, enum lws_write_protocol type);
+
 // Auth rules checking function from request_validator.c
 int check_database_auth_rules(const char *pubkey, const char *operation, const char *resource_hash);

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+=== NIP-42 Authentication Test Started ===
+2026-02-24 09:45:30 - Starting NIP-42 authentication tests
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m === Starting NIP-42 Authentication Tests ===
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Checking dependencies...
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m Dependencies check complete
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Test 1: Checking NIP-42 support in relay info
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m NIP-42 is advertised in supported NIPs
+2026-02-24 09:45:30 - Supported NIPs: 1,2,4,9,11,12,13,15,16,20,22,33,40,42,50,70
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Test 2: Testing AUTH challenge generation
+[33m[1m[WARNING][0m Could not extract admin private key from relay.log - using manual test approach
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Manual test: Connect to relay and send an event without auth to trigger challenge
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Test 3: Testing complete NIP-42 authentication flow
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Generated test keypair: test_pubkey
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Attempting to publish event without authentication...
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Publishing test event to relay...
+2026-02-24 09:45:31 - Event publish result: connecting to ws://localhost:8888... ok.
+{"kind":1,"id":"74a0b723797569b2483d47457d2f6e2378aed6ccd4cca0f553038e0431ade0e8","pubkey":"7a2f213c220c46a194c5730e5bb2fe9b27304f0c27226f380086d93ff10bf7da","created_at":1771940731,"tags":[],"content":"NIP-42 test event - should require auth","sig":"319466df2167cd7f33c83d41b09bdd06f23c961380fd205a0a5dc5a923f11e45b6d158d79e251239bef364430c5d45e6a9e43fe93fd629864a88de00e6766a44"}
+publishing to ws://localhost:8888... success.
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m Relay requested authentication as expected
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Test 4: Testing WebSocket AUTH message handling
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Testing WebSocket connection and AUTH message...
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Sending test message via WebSocket...
+2026-02-24 09:45:31 - WebSocket response: 
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m No AUTH challenge in WebSocket response
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Test 5: Testing NIP-42 configuration options
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Retrieving current relay configuration...
+[33m[1m[WARNING][0m Could not retrieve configuration events
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Test 6: Testing NIP-42 performance and stability
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Testing multiple authentication attempts...
+2026-02-24 09:45:33 - Attempt 1: .264126491s - connecting to ws://localhost:8888... ok.
+{"kind":1,"id":"9cb8f626ced97e8fc406bd2d2358074fe33542d983d11a7f039a26919ded6039","pubkey":"7c098dbaeeaca6fb27798625835dfc5c13fb31096eed76c6d77269a2a08cd22b","created_at":1771940733,"tags":[],"content":"Performance test event 1","sig":"87025c881004a7936589785bbba6171542135348e4f798c490c033eb462c9a0322882cfe1a2b742e3644b6c69ee4fee76feb3cffecd6d64c096fa8038bcd84c4"}
+publishing to ws://localhost:8888... success.
+2026-02-24 09:45:33 - Attempt 2: .262980094s - connecting to ws://localhost:8888... ok.
+{"kind":1,"id":"bb1b3da4cccbcdc6be73646e29ecf060b68d8cb9340f8b23da0f167ffac0831d","pubkey":"7c098dbaeeaca6fb27798625835dfc5c13fb31096eed76c6d77269a2a08cd22b","created_at":1771940733,"tags":[],"content":"Performance test event 2","sig":"1349f7af97edb9f507081782cfb2d055eb810ec96056b97692920060091ccf39b8d1ba8590d25e1b3c92f4b785f6362ac0d734373d29d4159e5778f8982b086f"}
+publishing to ws://localhost:8888... success.
+2026-02-24 09:45:34 - Attempt 3: .296311100s - connecting to ws://localhost:8888... ok.
+{"kind":1,"id":"3b171de7c00e918ad0bcbedea4c07c69f59a9d20c31b0de957488c919fa5c116","pubkey":"7c098dbaeeaca6fb27798625835dfc5c13fb31096eed76c6d77269a2a08cd22b","created_at":1771940734,"tags":[],"content":"Performance test event 3","sig":"a1699f12064d4da7ba15519eb7666cd2801f333ee837df70ce1298ac97477e900d095dce8fed0bade8f3e3e2e2b68e22800d10ba213a1de6cd1537112d6a6c2a"}
+publishing to ws://localhost:8888... success.
+2026-02-24 09:45:35 - Attempt 4: .300140904s - connecting to ws://localhost:8888... ok.
+{"kind":1,"id":"f3587b9955204284ec65f2b171d1fa3f330e0bbfc2d95fe7ad0550a63a6aabe6","pubkey":"7c098dbaeeaca6fb27798625835dfc5c13fb31096eed76c6d77269a2a08cd22b","created_at":1771940734,"tags":[],"content":"Performance test event 4","sig":"fb78cd3bce49097eea1c67c0a1ee92bf4cdf5bf6396ce20519481d0e4d09b03dca05c70da2ddf5ba51d23aa3253b21ec3b57bc41d000f274bb1123a4c3d64c45"}
+publishing to ws://localhost:8888... success.
+2026-02-24 09:45:35 - Attempt 5: .373738147s - connecting to ws://localhost:8888... ok.
+{"kind":1,"id":"e1fdf2d0579f0e2b446bdd9dbe5f5e53913b7d328d6f527ac7142636979c1ff2","pubkey":"7c098dbaeeaca6fb27798625835dfc5c13fb31096eed76c6d77269a2a08cd22b","created_at":1771940735,"tags":[],"content":"Performance test event 5","sig":"a11a11991434511737092d8cf2806a700a207c81c08e341f8d98c8b3369845df35adb9247ff094378e6712d68e5b2657d628e809b17bc9f838f6f5d9c21ce96c"}
+publishing to ws://localhost:8888... success.
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m Performance test completed: 5/5 successful responses
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Test 7: Testing kind-specific NIP-42 authentication requirements
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Generated test keypair for kind-specific tests: test_pubkey
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Testing kind 1 event (regular note) - should work without authentication...
+2026-02-24 09:45:36 - Kind 1 event result: connecting to ws://localhost:8888... ok.
+{"kind":1,"id":"85430aa1bb17e0aa7f5f05568448e35570a0d8446a79600f033e2683b17f8902","pubkey":"1cee941c80f1fa0037047151cf577503a1243cbef748f572b9fd6062a36807db","created_at":1771940736,"tags":[],"content":"Regular note - should not require auth","sig":"118a2dec1256aca39b22b9027c8f56e0b8f60bae1d95f38408ac9d9a6eb6590c48e4a37bf561e29f993b435ceecc1ff2218fcc9dec3e2dcf305cd456ac6a0ee4"}
+publishing to ws://localhost:8888... success.
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m Kind 1 event accepted without authentication (correct behavior)
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Testing kind 4 event (direct message) - should require authentication...
+2026-02-24 09:45:47 - Kind 4 event result: connecting to ws://localhost:8888... ok.
+{"kind":4,"id":"32f20767dd83d6f1ee5e70f72c33c7caa8a5a03acbfbb4de5899f6b27b850be4","pubkey":"1cee941c80f1fa0037047151cf577503a1243cbef748f572b9fd6062a36807db","created_at":1771940737,"tags":[["p,test_pubkey"]],"content":"This is a direct message - should require auth","sig":"cee96adf8c266120d98579734134cca652eeefa5f090d119b794a964bae4d2568e3aa39d648e5a897bb7f8d65be19f338291af3ffe87accdbf502f5eaae453ab"}
+publishing to ws://localhost:8888... 
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m Kind 4 event requested authentication (correct behavior for DMs)
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Testing kind 14 event (chat message) - should require authentication...
+2026-02-24 09:45:57 - Kind 14 event result: connecting to ws://localhost:8888... ok.
+{"kind":14,"id":"0a6d37f32fc10dae793b61d8f3afb9d28bdf12d59cf25d73eb90461d8efaa117","pubkey":"1cee941c80f1fa0037047151cf577503a1243cbef748f572b9fd6062a36807db","created_at":1771940747,"tags":[["p,test_pubkey"]],"content":"Chat message - should require auth","sig":"5337ded22499a8c361445d6c660f297e636cc5adf2735a85bb7d629e5771e0c47176b2afde02f4af9645198d441fb0aedd78931d0200d8b5ed8f721e6460d5c9"}
+publishing to ws://localhost:8888... 
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m Kind 14 event requested authentication (correct behavior for DMs)
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Testing other event kinds - should work without authentication...
+2026-02-24 09:45:58 - Kind 0 event result: connecting to ws://localhost:8888... ok.
+{"kind":0,"id":"5836e2da48eb458c8faca084afc3827ee6e481574d0295dc7bfdc50d9495891a","pubkey":"1cee941c80f1fa0037047151cf577503a1243cbef748f572b9fd6062a36807db","created_at":1771940757,"tags":[],"content":"Test event kind 0 - should not require auth","sig":"e454d5990a157b6211b655a9219ad494c58d49a59d61c4e1fb0aa91b96e5ff2368efc57e2acd0a24c7198b1181c37d0ab535f608289ec83afdc0b68e076def7c"}
+publishing to ws://localhost:8888... success.
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m Kind 0 event accepted without authentication (correct)
+2026-02-24 09:45:58 - Kind 3 event result: connecting to ws://localhost:8888... ok.
+{"kind":3,"id":"d11a038044f9ea859338c6ab879c4628aece258f2cad0ed7ca88808b35ec899c","pubkey":"1cee941c80f1fa0037047151cf577503a1243cbef748f572b9fd6062a36807db","created_at":1771940758,"tags":[],"content":"Test event kind 3 - should not require auth","sig":"9fbf410cd609f9f7a6bf3118ecfe554776bb647d5ed988c0d4df06f83c1283c8baeaa0b62da900934cc8f617c73572fbce9f7232c77bb87942e4471228b06c73"}
+publishing to ws://localhost:8888... success.
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m Kind 3 event accepted without authentication (correct)
+2026-02-24 09:45:59 - Kind 7 event result: connecting to ws://localhost:8888... ok.
+{"kind":7,"id":"b819482f287f6370fac7804c2cdcdac8340eafd86799b24af0a11f74c6190fed","pubkey":"1cee941c80f1fa0037047151cf577503a1243cbef748f572b9fd6062a36807db","created_at":1771940758,"tags":[],"content":"Test event kind 7 - should not require auth","sig":"f197c7c072af111dd92220c489472473f5b4fb30e908501e4d2d0037f1a0064960550a4e51af4168572a192295d870f6a6c49473308a25dacbc0deb703003547"}
+publishing to ws://localhost:8888... success.
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m Kind 7 event accepted without authentication (correct)
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m Kind-specific authentication test completed
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m === NIP-42 Test Results Summary ===
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m Dependencies: PASS
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m NIP-42 Support: PASS
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m Auth Challenge: PASS
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m Auth Flow: PASS
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m WebSocket AUTH: PASS
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m Configuration: PASS
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m Performance: PASS
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m Kind-Specific Auth: PASS
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m All NIP-42 tests completed successfully!
+[32m[1m[SUCCESS][0m NIP-42 authentication implementation is working correctly
+[34m[1m[INFO][0m === NIP-42 Authentication Tests Complete ===
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Your Name	b6ff4150b4	v1.2.48 - Add CPU% and MEM% ASCII bar graphs to API page stats	2026-02-25 07:33:06 -04:00
Your Name	63bc526163	v1.2.47 - Fix build: use getter function for g_connection_count (was static, can't extern)	2026-02-25 07:24:17 -04:00
Your Name	a1f712236a	v1.2.46 - Fix: move extern g_connection_count to file scope in api.c	2026-02-25 07:22:14 -04:00
Your Name	06e6c17b7b	v1.2.45 - Add WebSocket Connections to system status: api.c sends active_connections, HTML+JS display it	2026-02-25 07:18:42 -04:00
Your Name	0751a7c55c	v1.2.44 - IP Bans: show idle+auth bans in stats/status, fix filter buttons, add idle ban columns to query	2026-02-25 07:12:07 -04:00
Your Name	f1728932a9	v1.2.43 - IP Bans page: fix filter buttons, add whitelist management UI, compact table rows	2026-02-25 07:08:20 -04:00
Your Name	ef8bdef2a8	v1.2.42 - IP Bans page: fix filter buttons, add whitelist management UI, compact table rows	2026-02-25 07:08:12 -04:00
Your Name	c11a8ba292	v1.2.41 - Fix IP Bans page: route ip_bans SQL responses to handleIpBansResponse	2026-02-25 06:59:22 -04:00
Your Name	0f124fe575	v1.2.40 - IP Bans page: show whitelisted IPs with star icon, hide Unban button for whitelisted IPs	2026-02-25 06:54:35 -04:00
Your Name	6b20452fab	v1.2.39 - Fix IP Bans page: convert rows+columns SQL response format to objects for display	2026-02-25 06:53:50 -04:00
Your Name	10c19bc243	v1.2.38 - Add idle_ban_whitelist config: comma-separated IPs that are never idle-banned	2026-02-25 06:48:41 -04:00
Your Name	3d7aa2196f	v1.2.37 - Fix: executeSqlQueryRaw uses relayPool/sendAdminCommand instead of undefined pool variable	2026-02-25 06:43:29 -04:00
Your Name	a416c3f275	v1.2.36 - Fix: don't reset relay connection state when external relays time out in subscription onclose	2026-02-25 06:33:25 -04:00
Your Name	bba9baabc3	v1.2.35 - Fix: only record idle ban failures for WebSocket connections, not HTTP requests (NIP-11/embedded files)	2026-02-24 17:41:59 -04:00
Your Name	31187c4c4f	v1.2.34 - Fix: mark HTTP requests (NIP-11, embedded files) as session_active to prevent idle ban on legitimate HTTP clients	2026-02-24 17:07:33 -04:00
Your Name	55f862b879	v1.2.33 - Set default debug_level to 3 (INFO)	2026-02-24 16:06:19 -04:00
Your Name	76c9b3fcf0	v1.2.32 - Set idle_ban_threshold default to 1 and idle_ban_window_sec default to 30	2026-02-24 15:45:40 -04:00
Your Name	929bd09164	v1.2.31 - Fix idle connection timeout: use global connection list + periodic timer instead of lws_set_timeout which was not firing	2026-02-24 15:44:11 -04:00
Your Name	d17f1dd8d5	v1.2.30 - Temporarily bypass admin verification on API page (idle timeout fix pending)	2026-02-24 14:55:39 -04:00
Your Name	207a949835	v1.2.29 - Added idle connection ban system - bans IPs that connect but never send REQ/EVENT (idle timeout or early disconnect) with separate rate limiting from auth failures	2026-02-24 14:18:27 -04:00
Your Name	d08f4e4221	v1.2.28 - Add debug_level config setting: live update every 60s without restart, default 0	2026-02-24 08:56:32 -04:00
Your Name	c96736fa6a	v1.2.27 - Permanent ban escalation: ban_count never resets, IPs with history always get 24h ban on next failure	2026-02-23 18:18:55 -04:00
Your Name	f8ec4ae924	v1.2.26 - Persistent IP ban table: save/load to ip_bans DB, auth success tracking, lifetime stats per IP	2026-02-23 18:16:14 -04:00
Your Name	fe7304ac7f	v1.2.25 - Add NIP-42 AUTH support to web UI: onauth callback in subscribeMany and publish calls	2026-02-23 18:03:29 -04:00
Your Name	e5d39c984b	v1.2.24 - Fix: run ip_ban maintenance unconditionally every 60s regardless of max_connection_seconds setting	2026-02-23 17:57:20 -04:00
Your Name	5e45f21e35	v1.2.23 - ip_ban: retain ban_count for 24 hours after last ban expiry, then fully clean entry	2026-02-23 17:16:02 -04:00
Your Name	5321a238b8	v1.2.22 - Fix ip_ban cleanup: preserve ban_count on cleanup so exponential backoff persists across ban expiry	2026-02-23 17:12:15 -04:00
Your Name	083bc14972	v1.2.21 - Fix IP ban check: use pss->client_ip (proxy-aware) instead of raw socket IP to match failure recording	2026-02-23 16:26:23 -04:00
Your Name	11aaccba9b	v1.2.20 - Add IP auth failure ban system: track failures per IP, ban after threshold with exponential backoff, periodic log stats	2026-02-23 16:02:07 -04:00
Your Name	bd1bbd763d	v1.2.19 - Add IP auth failure ban system: track failures per IP, ban after threshold with exponential backoff, periodic log stats	2026-02-23 16:00:53 -04:00
Your Name	2bd7aa5a10	v1.2.18 - Proactive auth timeout via lws_set_timeout: close idle unauthenticated connections after nip42_auth_timeout_sec even without REQ	2026-02-23 15:37:45 -04:00
Your Name	361912ec85	v1.2.17 - Add nip42_auth_timeout_sec (default 10s): close unauthenticated connections after timeout to prevent connection accumulation	2026-02-23 15:22:18 -04:00
Your Name	0de491382e	v1.2.16 - Fix auth rules UI: change label/placeholder/errors from nsec to npub (public key, not private key)	2026-02-23 14:36:19 -04:00
Your Name	3148bbbee7	v1.2.15 - Admin verification: show 'Waiting for response' with status updates, 60s timeout, no premature access denied	2026-02-23 14:26:02 -04:00
Your Name	3965ba04d8	v1.2.14 - Handle late admin verification response: grant access even if timeout already fired and access-denied overlay was shown	2026-02-23 14:24:55 -04:00
Your Name	b96af938bd	v1.2.13 - Add WoT status to NIP-11 response: restricted_writes, auth_required, and web_of_trust object when WoT enabled	2026-02-23 14:22:08 -04:00
Your Name	89c8248013	v1.2.12 - Increase admin verification timeout from 5s to 30s; continue waiting after publish timeout under heavy load	2026-02-23 14:16:56 -04:00
Your Name	d8f477c6cf	v1.2.11 - Early duplicate check before secp256k1 signature verification — skip crypto for events already in DB	2026-02-23 14:01:23 -04:00
Your Name	040eeadb13	v1.2.10 - Zero-copy message queue: eliminate memcpy in broadcast and REQ paths via queue_message_take_ownership()	2026-02-23 13:45:56 -04:00
Your Name	83f8b0ab88	v1.2.9 - Replace cJSON_GetObjectItem with CaseSensitive variant (178 calls) — eliminates 14% CPU from tolower+linear scan in hot path	2026-02-23 13:25:50 -04:00
Your Name	b82f7eaaf3	v1.2.8 - Add debug build support: _debug suffix in build_static.sh, deploy_lt_debug.sh with perf profiling workflow	2026-02-23 13:07:53 -04:00