diff --git a/routstr/wallet.py b/routstr/wallet.py
index fe34d7bb..1fef36c6 100644
--- a/routstr/wallet.py
+++ b/routstr/wallet.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from typing import TypedDict
 from cashu.core.base import Proof, Token
 from cashu.wallet.helpers import deserialize_token_from_string
 from cashu.wallet.wallet import Wallet
+from sqlmodel import col, update
 
 from .core import db, get_logger
 from .core.settings import settings
@@ -124,9 +125,17 @@ async def credit_balance(
             "credit_balance: Updating balance",
             extra={"old_balance": key.balance, "credit_amount": amount},
         )
-        key.balance += amount
-        session.add(key)
+
+        # Use atomic SQL UPDATE to prevent race conditions during concurrent topups
+        stmt = (
+            update(db.ApiKey)
+            .where(col(db.ApiKey.hashed_key) == key.hashed_key)
+            .values(balance=(db.ApiKey.balance) + amount)
+        )
+        await session.exec(stmt)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
         await session.commit()
+        await session.refresh(key)
+
         logger.info(
             "credit_balance: Balance updated successfully",
             extra={"new_balance": key.balance},
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_wallet.py b/tests/unit/test_wallet.py
index 60b93b5a..f9a49434 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_wallet.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_wallet.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, Mock, patch
 
 import pytest
 
+from routstr.core.db import ApiKey
 from routstr.wallet import credit_balance, get_balance, recieve_token, send_token
 
 
@@ -82,8 +83,15 @@ async def test_credit_balance() -> None:
 
     mock_key = Mock()
     mock_key.balance = 5000000
+    mock_key.hashed_key = "test_hash"
     mock_session = AsyncMock()
 
+    # Mock session.refresh to update the balance (simulates DB reload)
+    async def mock_refresh(key: ApiKey) -> None:
+        key.balance = 6000000
+
+    mock_session.refresh.side_effect = mock_refresh
+
     from routstr.core.settings import settings
 
     with patch.object(settings, "cashu_mints", ["http://mint:3338"]):
@@ -93,9 +101,11 @@ async def test_credit_balance() -> None:
         ):
             amount = await credit_balance(token_str, mock_key, mock_session)
             assert amount == 1000000  # converted to msat
-            assert mock_key.balance == 6000000
-            mock_session.add.assert_called_once_with(mock_key)
-            mock_session.commit.assert_called_once()
+            assert mock_key.balance == 6000000  # Should be updated after refresh
+            # Verify atomic operations were used
+            assert mock_session.exec.called  # Atomic UPDATE statement
+            assert mock_session.commit.called
+            assert mock_session.refresh.called
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio