fips/testing/chaos/sim/runner.py

"""Main simulation orchestration."""

from __future__ import annotations

import json
import logging
import os
import random
import signal
import subprocess
import sys
import time
from datetime import datetime

from .assertions import (
    AssertionOutcome,
    BloomSendRateMonitor,
    evaluate_baseline,
    evaluate_congestion_signals,
    evaluate_max_errors,
    evaluate_max_parent_switches,
    evaluate_min_parent_switches,
    evaluate_tree_parents,
)
from .compose import generate_compose
from .config_gen import write_configs
from .control import snapshot_all_congestion, snapshot_all_mmp, snapshot_all_trees
from .docker_exec import docker_compose
from .link_swap import LinkSwapManager
from .links import LinkManager
from .logs import AnalysisResult, analyze_logs, collect_logs, write_sim_metadata
from .naming import name_suffix
from .netclaim import claim_network, remove_network
from .netem import NetemManager
from .nodes import NodeManager
from .peer_churn import PeerChurnManager
from .scenario import Scenario
from .topology import SimTopology, generate_topology
from .traffic import TrafficManager
from .veth import VethManager

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class SimRunner:
    def __init__(self, scenario: Scenario):
        self.scenario = scenario
        self.rng = random.Random(scenario.seed)
        self.topology: SimTopology | None = None
        self.compose_file: str | None = None
        # Claimed in _setup; the compose file refers to it as external, so
        # `compose down` does not remove it and teardown must.
        self.network_name: str | None = None
        self.output_dir: str = self._resolve_output_dir(scenario)
        self._interrupted = False

        # Set when setup, warmup or the simulation loop raises. The exception
        # is logged rather than propagated, so nothing else on the return path
        # of run() carries the fact that the simulation did not complete.
        self.aborted = False

        # Whether this run ever owned containers. Teardown runs from a
        # finally, so it runs after a failed setup too, and container names
        # are global: without this it would harvest whatever currently
        # answers to them. topology and compose_file are both set well
        # before the containers start and so cannot stand in for it.
        self._containers_started = False

        # Shared set of currently-down node IDs (updated by NodeManager,
        # read by NetemManager, LinkManager, TrafficManager)
        self._down_nodes: set[str] = set()

        # Managers (initialized during setup)
        self.veth_mgr: VethManager | None = None
        self.netem_mgr: NetemManager | None = None
        self.link_mgr: LinkManager | None = None
        self.link_swap_mgr: LinkSwapManager | None = None
        self.traffic_mgr: TrafficManager | None = None
        self.node_mgr: NodeManager | None = None
        self.peer_churn_mgr: PeerChurnManager | None = None

        # Post-run assertion monitors (sampled near end of run).
        self.bloom_rate_monitor: BloomSendRateMonitor | None = None
        self.assertion_outcomes: list[AssertionOutcome] = []
        # Set by the final snapshot. None means the snapshot never ran,
        # which the congestion assertion must treat as a failure rather
        # than as an absence of congestion.
        self.final_congestion: dict | None = None
        self.final_tree: dict | None = None

    def _evaluate_max_parent_switches(
        self, cfg, parent_switches: list[tuple[str, str]]
    ) -> AssertionOutcome:
        """Count parent switches in the configured scope and apply the ceiling.

        A per-node scope is resolved through the topology and fails
        explicitly if the node id is not in it. That is the whole reason
        this lives here rather than in assertions.py: filtering log lines
        by an unknown container name yields zero matches, and zero
        trivially satisfies a ceiling, so a typo in ``node:`` would turn
        the assertion into an unconditional pass.

        Note the limit of that guard. It covers an unresolvable node id
        and nothing else. A node that is in the topology but whose log is
        empty, or whose log level suppressed the event, still counts zero
        and still passes. Only the misspelling is caught here; the log
        level is guarded at load time, and an empty log for a live node
        is not guarded at all.
        """
        if cfg.node is None:
            return evaluate_max_parent_switches(
                cfg, len(parent_switches), "mesh-wide"
            )

        if cfg.node not in self.topology.nodes:
            known = ", ".join(sorted(self.topology.nodes))
            return AssertionOutcome(
                name="max_parent_switches",
                passed=False,
                detail=(
                    f"FAIL max_parent_switches: node '{cfg.node}' is not in "
                    f"this topology (nodes: {known}). Nothing was counted, so "
                    f"the ceiling was never actually tested."
                ),
            )

        source = self.topology.container_name(cfg.node)
        count = sum(1 for src, _ in parent_switches if src == source)
        return evaluate_max_parent_switches(cfg, count, f"node {cfg.node}")

    @staticmethod
    def _resolve_output_dir(scenario: Scenario) -> str:
        """Build a timestamped output directory path.

        Format: {base}/{scenario_name}-{YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS}/

        The base path is determined by (in priority order):
        1. FIPS_SIM_OUTPUT environment variable
        2. The scenario YAML's logging.output_dir (default: ./sim-results)
        """
        base = os.environ.get("FIPS_SIM_OUTPUT", scenario.logging.output_dir)
        timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S")
        return os.path.join(base, f"{timestamp}-{scenario.name}")

    def run(self) -> AnalysisResult | None:
        """Run the full simulation lifecycle."""
        signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, self._handle_sigint)
        signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, self._handle_sigint)

        result = None
        try:
            self._setup()
            self._warmup()
            self._simulation_loop()
        except Exception:
            # Log rather than re-raise: the default excepthook writes to stderr
            # and would not reach the file handler installed in _setup(), so a
            # re-raise would lose the traceback from runner.log, which is the
            # artifact that survives into CI. The flag carries the abort out.
            log.exception("Simulation failed")
            self.aborted = True
        finally:
            result = self._teardown()

        return result

    def _handle_sigint(self, signum, frame):
        if self._interrupted:
            log.warning("Force exit")
            sys.exit(1)
        log.info("Interrupt received, shutting down gracefully...")
        self._interrupted = True

    def _setup(self):
        """Generate topology, configs, compose file. Start containers."""
        s = self.scenario
        mesh_name = f"sim-{s.name}-{s.seed}"

        # Set up runner log file so all sim orchestration output is captured
        # alongside the per-node FIPS logs for post-run analysis.
        os.makedirs(self.output_dir, exist_ok=True)
        runner_log_path = os.path.join(self.output_dir, "runner.log")
        fh = logging.FileHandler(runner_log_path, mode="w")
        fh.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
        fh.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(
            "%(asctime)s %(levelname)-5s %(name)s: %(message)s",
            datefmt="%H:%M:%S",
        ))
        logging.getLogger().addHandler(fh)
        log.info("Runner log: %s", runner_log_path)

        # 0. Claim this run's network range, before anything derives from it.
        #
        # The ordering is not obvious and it matters: node IPs are computed
        # from the subnet inside generate_topology, and traffic shaping keys
        # its filters on those addresses. Claiming after the topology exists
        # would give a network on one range and `tc` filters on another, which
        # does not fail at bring-up — it silently leaves the shaping matching
        # nothing.
        self.network_name = f"fips-sim{name_suffix()}-net"
        s.topology.subnet = claim_network(
            self.network_name,
            labels={
                "com.corganlabs.fips-ci": "1",
                "com.corganlabs.fips-ci.run": os.environ.get(
                    "FIPS_CI_RUN_ID", "manual"
                ),
            },
            candidates=(
                [s.topology.pinned_subnet] if s.topology.pinned_subnet else None
            ),
        )

        # 1. Generate topology
        log.info(
            "Generating %d-node %s topology (seed=%d)...",
            s.topology.num_nodes,
            s.topology.algorithm,
            s.seed,
        )
        self.topology = generate_topology(s.topology, self.rng, mesh_name)
        log.info(
            "Topology: %d nodes, %d edges",
            len(self.topology.nodes),
            len(self.topology.edges),
        )

        # Log adjacency summary
        for nid in sorted(self.topology.nodes):
            peers = sorted(self.topology.nodes[nid].peers)
            log.info("  %s: peers=%s", nid, ",".join(peers))

        # 2. Generate configs
        #
        # The directory carries the same suffix as the container names, so
        # parallel scenarios cannot overwrite each other's compose file
        # between writing it and starting containers from it.
        docker_network_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..")
        config_dir = os.path.normpath(
            os.path.join(
                docker_network_dir,
                "generated-configs",
                f"sim{self.topology.name_suffix}",
            )
        )
        # Select ephemeral identity nodes (if peer churn enabled)
        self._ephemeral_nodes: set[str] = set()
        if s.peer_churn.enabled and s.peer_churn.ephemeral_fraction > 0:
            all_nodes = sorted(self.topology.nodes.keys())
            count = int(len(all_nodes) * s.peer_churn.ephemeral_fraction)
            self._ephemeral_nodes = set(self.rng.sample(all_nodes, count))
            log.info(
                "Ephemeral identity nodes (%d/%d): %s",
                len(self._ephemeral_nodes),
                len(all_nodes),
                ", ".join(sorted(self._ephemeral_nodes)),
            )

        write_configs(
            self.topology, config_dir, self.scenario.fips_overrides,
            ephemeral_nodes=self._ephemeral_nodes,
        )
        log.info("Wrote node configs to %s", config_dir)

        # 3. Generate docker-compose.yml
        self.compose_file = generate_compose(
            self.topology, self.scenario, config_dir, self.network_name
        )
        log.info("Wrote %s", self.compose_file)

        # 4. Obtain the test image (once, rather than per-service at scale).
        #
        # Building it is right for a bare run and wrong under a harness. When
        # FIPS_TEST_IMAGE is set the image belongs to the caller, and every
        # scenario of a parallel run would otherwise rebuild it into one shared
        # name from one shared context — so assert it exists and fail loudly if
        # it does not, rather than manufacture a substitute nobody asked for.
        from .compose import FIPS_SIM_IMAGE
        if os.environ.get("FIPS_TEST_IMAGE"):
            log.info("Using caller-supplied image %s", FIPS_SIM_IMAGE)
            probe = subprocess.run(
                ["docker", "image", "inspect", FIPS_SIM_IMAGE],
                stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
            )
            if probe.returncode != 0:
                raise RuntimeError(
                    f"FIPS_TEST_IMAGE names {FIPS_SIM_IMAGE}, which is not present. "
                    "The harness that set it is expected to have built it."
                )
        else:
            log.info("Building Docker image...")
            docker_dir = os.environ.get("FIPS_BUILD_CONTEXT") or os.path.join(
                os.path.dirname(__file__), "..", "..", "docker"
            )
            subprocess.run(
                ["docker", "build", "-t", FIPS_SIM_IMAGE, docker_dir],
                check=True,
            )

        # 5. Start containers
        log.info("Starting %d containers...", len(self.topology.nodes))
        docker_compose(self.compose_file, ["up", "-d"])
        self._containers_started = True

        # 6. Set up veth pairs for Ethernet edges (before netem)
        #
        # The entrypoint script waits for configured Ethernet interfaces
        # to appear before starting FIPS, so we just need to create the
        # veth pairs promptly after containers are running.
        if self.topology.has_ethernet():
            self.veth_mgr = VethManager(self.topology)
            log.info("Setting up Ethernet veth pairs...")
            self.veth_mgr.setup_all()

        # 7. Initialize managers
        if s.netem.enabled:
            bw = s.bandwidth if s.bandwidth.enabled else None
            ig = s.ingress if s.ingress.enabled else None
            self.netem_mgr = NetemManager(self.topology, s.netem, self.rng, bandwidth=bw, ingress=ig)
            self.netem_mgr.down_nodes = self._down_nodes
            log.info("Applying initial per-link netem...")
            self.netem_mgr.setup_initial()

        if s.link_flaps.enabled:
            self.link_mgr = LinkManager(
                self.topology, s.link_flaps, self.rng, netem_mgr=self.netem_mgr
            )

        if s.link_swap.enabled:
            if not self.netem_mgr:
                raise RuntimeError(
                    "link_swap requires netem.enabled (depends on per-link tc state)"
                )
            self.link_swap_mgr = LinkSwapManager(
                self.topology, s.link_swap, self.netem_mgr, self.rng,
            )

        if s.assertions.bloom_send_rate is not None:
            self.bloom_rate_monitor = BloomSendRateMonitor(
                self.topology, s.assertions.bloom_send_rate,
            )

        if s.traffic.enabled:
            self.traffic_mgr = TrafficManager(
                self.topology, s.traffic, self.rng, down_nodes=self._down_nodes
            )

        if s.node_churn.enabled:
            self.node_mgr = NodeManager(
                self.topology, s.node_churn, self.rng,
                netem_mgr=self.netem_mgr, down_nodes=self._down_nodes,
                veth_mgr=self.veth_mgr,
                on_node_restart=self._handle_node_restart,
            )

        if s.peer_churn.enabled:
            self.peer_churn_mgr = PeerChurnManager(
                self.topology, s.peer_churn, self.rng,
                down_nodes=self._down_nodes,
                ephemeral_nodes=self._ephemeral_nodes,
            )
            # Share npub cache with traffic manager so iperf3 targets
            # use runtime npubs (critical for ephemeral identity nodes).
            if self.traffic_mgr:
                self.traffic_mgr.npub_cache = self.peer_churn_mgr.npub_cache

    def _warmup(self):
        """Wait for mesh convergence."""
        n = len(self.topology.nodes)
        wait = max(10, n)  # Heuristic: ~1s per node, minimum 10s
        log.info("Waiting %ds for mesh convergence...", wait)
        self._sleep(wait)
        self._take_snapshot("warmup")

        # Populate npub cache after convergence (nodes must be running)
        if self.peer_churn_mgr:
            self.peer_churn_mgr.refresh_all_npubs()

        # Initial link swap policy assignment (after warmup so the netem
        # tc state is fully set up and the daemons have already
        # discovered each other under the calm baseline).
        if self.link_swap_mgr:
            self.link_swap_mgr.setup_initial()

    def _handle_node_restart(self, node_id: str):
        """Called after a node container is restarted.

        For ephemeral identity nodes, waits briefly for the daemon to
        start, then queries its new npub and updates the peer churn
        manager's cache.
        """
        if not self.peer_churn_mgr:
            return
        if node_id not in self.peer_churn_mgr.ephemeral_nodes:
            return

        # Brief delay for daemon startup before querying control socket
        time.sleep(2)
        new_npub = self.peer_churn_mgr.refresh_npub(node_id)
        if new_npub:
            log.info("Ephemeral node %s new identity: %s...%s", node_id, new_npub[:12], new_npub[-6:])
        else:
            log.warning("Failed to refresh npub for ephemeral node %s", node_id)

    def _simulation_loop(self):
        """Main event loop driving stochastic behavior."""
        start = time.time()
        s = self.scenario
        duration = s.duration_secs
        log.info("Simulation running for %ds...", duration)

        # Schedule first events
        next_netem = self._schedule_next(start, s.netem.mutation.interval_secs) if self.netem_mgr else float("inf")
        next_flap = self._schedule_next(start, s.link_flaps.interval_secs) if self.link_mgr else float("inf")
        next_traffic = self._schedule_next(start, s.traffic.interval_secs) if self.traffic_mgr else float("inf")
        next_churn = self._schedule_next(start, s.node_churn.interval_secs) if self.node_mgr else float("inf")
        next_peer_churn = self._schedule_next(start, s.peer_churn.interval_secs) if self.peer_churn_mgr else float("inf")

        # Bloom-send-rate assertion: sample at window_secs before end.
        bloom_window_start_at = float("inf")
        if self.bloom_rate_monitor is not None:
            bloom_window_start_at = (
                start + duration - s.assertions.bloom_send_rate.window_secs
            )
        bloom_window_started = False

        while not self._interrupted:
            now = time.time()
            elapsed = now - start
            if elapsed >= duration:
                break

            # Bloom-rate window-start sampling
            if (
                self.bloom_rate_monitor is not None
                and not bloom_window_started
                and now >= bloom_window_start_at
            ):
                log.info(
                    "Sampling bloom-rate window start (last %ds of run)...",
                    s.assertions.bloom_send_rate.window_secs,
                )
                self.bloom_rate_monitor.sample_window_start()
                bloom_window_started = True

            # Deterministic link swap (before netem mutation so a
            # mutation round can't clobber the swap mid-tick).
            if self.link_swap_mgr:
                self.link_swap_mgr.maybe_swap(now)

            # Netem mutation
            if self.netem_mgr and now >= next_netem:
                self.netem_mgr.mutate()
                next_netem = self._schedule_next(now, s.netem.mutation.interval_secs)

            # Link flaps
            if self.link_mgr:
                if now >= next_flap:
                    self.link_mgr.maybe_flap()
                    next_flap = self._schedule_next(now, s.link_flaps.interval_secs)
                self.link_mgr.restore_expired()

            # Traffic generation
            if self.traffic_mgr:
                if now >= next_traffic:
                    self.traffic_mgr.maybe_spawn()
                    next_traffic = self._schedule_next(now, s.traffic.interval_secs)
                self.traffic_mgr.cleanup_expired()

            # Node churn
            if self.node_mgr:
                if now >= next_churn:
                    self.node_mgr.maybe_kill()
                    next_churn = self._schedule_next(now, s.node_churn.interval_secs)
                self.node_mgr.restore_expired()

            # Peer churn (topology mutation)
            if self.peer_churn_mgr:
                if now >= next_peer_churn:
                    self.peer_churn_mgr.maybe_churn()
                    next_peer_churn = self._schedule_next(now, s.peer_churn.interval_secs)

            # Status line
            down_links = self.link_mgr.down_count if self.link_mgr else 0
            down_nodes = self.node_mgr.down_count if self.node_mgr else 0
            active = self.traffic_mgr.active_count if self.traffic_mgr else 0
            peer_churns = self.peer_churn_mgr.churn_count if self.peer_churn_mgr else 0
            status_extra = f" peer_churns={peer_churns}" if self.peer_churn_mgr else ""
            if self.link_swap_mgr:
                status_extra += f" swaps={self.link_swap_mgr.swap_count}"
            print(
                f"\r  [{elapsed:.0f}s/{duration}s] "
                f"nodes={len(self.topology.nodes)} "
                f"edges={len(self.topology.edges)} "
                f"links_down={down_links} "
                f"nodes_down={down_nodes} "
                f"traffic={active}"
                f"{status_extra}   ",
                end="",
                flush=True,
            )

            self._sleep(1)

        print()  # Clear status line

        # Bloom-rate window-end sampling.
        # Done before teardown so containers are still running.
        if self.bloom_rate_monitor is not None:
            if not bloom_window_started:
                # Loop exited before the window-start mark (e.g.,
                # interrupted). Take both samples now so we still
                # produce a finite outcome rather than an empty dict.
                log.warning(
                    "Bloom-rate window did not start during run; "
                    "sampling both endpoints at end (delta will be 0)."
                )
                self.bloom_rate_monitor.sample_window_start()
            log.info("Sampling bloom-rate window end...")
            self.bloom_rate_monitor.sample_end()

    def _evaluate_assertions(self) -> None:
        """Evaluate post-run assertions and stash outcomes on self.

        Called from teardown while containers are still running so the
        assertion outcomes (which include per-node detail) can be
        written alongside the run artifacts.
        """
        if self.bloom_rate_monitor is not None:
            outcome = self.bloom_rate_monitor.evaluate()
            self.assertion_outcomes.append(outcome)
            if outcome.passed:
                log.info("%s", outcome.detail)
            else:
                log.error("%s", outcome.detail)

    @property
    def assertions_failed(self) -> bool:
        return any(not o.passed for o in self.assertion_outcomes)

    def _run_status(self) -> str:
        """Name for how the run itself ended, before teardown is considered."""
        if self.aborted:
            return "aborted"
        if self._interrupted:
            return "interrupted"
        return "completed"

    def _write_status(self, status: str) -> None:
        """Record how the run ended, for a reader who has only this directory.

        One field per line so it can be grepped. The container names are
        included because they are the handle on everything else the run
        touched, and because a directory that names them cannot be mistaken
        for a directory assembled from some other scenario's mesh.

        Never raises. Both callers run this immediately before stopping the
        containers, so letting a full disk or a vanished output directory
        out of here would leak the mesh it was about to tear down.
        """
        try:
            os.makedirs(self.output_dir, exist_ok=True)
            path = os.path.join(self.output_dir, "status.txt")
            with open(path, "w") as f:
                f.write(f"status={status}\n")
                f.write(f"scenario={self.scenario.name}\n")
                f.write(f"seed={self.scenario.seed}\n")
                f.write(f"containers=fips-node-nNN{name_suffix()}\n")
        except Exception:
            log.exception("Could not write status file")

    def _release_network(self) -> None:
        """Give this run's claimed /24 back.

        The compose file declares the network `external:`, so `compose down`
        leaves it alone and nothing else reclaims the range. Called from both
        teardown paths, including the setup-failed one, because a run that
        fell over after claiming still holds a range.
        """
        if self.network_name:
            remove_network(self.network_name)

    def _teardown(self) -> AnalysisResult | None:
        """Stop dynamic elements, collect logs, analyze, stop containers."""
        if not self._containers_started:
            # There is no mesh to harvest. Snapshots, logs, analysis and
            # assertions all address containers by a name that is global to
            # the host, so running them here would describe whoever holds
            # those names now and leave a plausible report of a run that
            # never happened. Leaving them out makes the presence of
            # analysis.txt proof that this scenario's own mesh existed.
            self._write_status("setup-failed")
            if self.compose_file:
                # `up -d` can fail part way through, so this run may own
                # containers or a network even with no mesh to speak of.
                log.info("Stopping containers...")
                docker_compose(self.compose_file, ["down"], check=False)
            self._release_network()
            return None

        result = None
        status = self._run_status()
        try:
            # Evaluate post-run assertions before doing any teardown so
            # control sockets are still reachable.
            self._evaluate_assertions()

            # Stop traffic
            if self.traffic_mgr:
                log.info("Stopping traffic sessions...")
                self.traffic_mgr.stop_all()

            # Restore links
            if self.link_mgr:
                log.info("Restoring downed links...")
                self.link_mgr.restore_all()

            # Restore stopped nodes (needed for snapshots and log collection)
            if self.node_mgr:
                log.info("Restoring stopped nodes...")
                self.node_mgr.restore_all()

            # Collect iperf3 throughput results before containers stop
            if self.traffic_mgr:
                iperf_results = self.traffic_mgr.collect_results()
                if iperf_results:
                    iperf_path = os.path.join(self.output_dir, "iperf3-results.json")
                    with open(iperf_path, "w") as f:
                        json.dump(iperf_results, f, indent=2)
                    log.info("Saved %d iperf3 results to %s", len(iperf_results), iperf_path)

            # Take final tree snapshot while nodes are still running
            self._take_snapshot("final")

            # Collect logs before stopping containers
            container_names = [
                self.topology.container_name(nid) for nid in sorted(self.topology.nodes)
            ]
            log.info("Collecting logs from %d containers...", len(container_names))
            logs = collect_logs(container_names, self.output_dir)

            # Analyze
            result = analyze_logs(logs)
            analysis_path = os.path.join(self.output_dir, "analysis.txt")
            with open(analysis_path, "w") as f:
                f.write(result.summary())
            print(result.summary())

            # Log-derived assertions (evaluated after analyze_logs so
            # parent_switches and similar are populated). See
            # _evaluate_max_parent_switches for why the per-node variant
            # resolves its node against the topology rather than filtering
            # optimistically.
            mps_cfg = self.scenario.assertions.min_parent_switches
            if mps_cfg is not None:
                outcome = evaluate_min_parent_switches(
                    mps_cfg, len(result.parent_switches)
                )
                self.assertion_outcomes.append(outcome)
                if outcome.passed:
                    log.info("%s", outcome.detail)
                else:
                    log.error("%s", outcome.detail)

            xps_cfg = self.scenario.assertions.max_parent_switches
            if xps_cfg is not None:
                outcome = self._evaluate_max_parent_switches(
                    xps_cfg, result.parent_switches
                )
                self.assertion_outcomes.append(outcome)
                if outcome.passed:
                    log.info("%s", outcome.detail)
                else:
                    log.error("%s", outcome.detail)

            # Applied to every scenario by default, so this is the one
            # assertion that is present even when the YAML declares no
            # assertions block at all.
            err_cfg = self.scenario.assertions.max_errors
            if err_cfg is not None:
                outcome = evaluate_max_errors(err_cfg, result.errors)
                self.assertion_outcomes.append(outcome)
                if outcome.passed:
                    log.info("%s", outcome.detail)
                else:
                    log.error("%s", outcome.detail)

            bl_cfg = self.scenario.assertions.baseline
            if bl_cfg is not None:
                outcome = evaluate_baseline(
                    bl_cfg, self.final_tree, len(result.sessions_established)
                )
                self.assertion_outcomes.append(outcome)
                if outcome.passed:
                    log.info("%s", outcome.detail)
                else:
                    log.error("%s", outcome.detail)

            tp_cfg = self.scenario.assertions.tree_parents
            if tp_cfg is not None:
                outcome = evaluate_tree_parents(tp_cfg, self.final_tree)
                self.assertion_outcomes.append(outcome)
                if outcome.passed:
                    log.info("%s", outcome.detail)
                else:
                    log.error("%s", outcome.detail)

            cong_cfg = self.scenario.assertions.congestion_signals
            if cong_cfg is not None:
                outcome = evaluate_congestion_signals(
                    cong_cfg, self.final_congestion
                )
                self.assertion_outcomes.append(outcome)
                if outcome.passed:
                    log.info("%s", outcome.detail)
                else:
                    log.error("%s", outcome.detail)

            # Write assertion outcomes
            if self.assertion_outcomes:
                assertions_path = os.path.join(self.output_dir, "assertions.txt")
                with open(assertions_path, "w") as f:
                    for o in self.assertion_outcomes:
                        f.write(o.detail + "\n")
                print("=== Assertions ===")
                for o in self.assertion_outcomes:
                    print(o.detail)
                print()

            # Write metadata
            write_sim_metadata(
                self.output_dir,
                scenario_name=self.scenario.name,
                seed=self.scenario.seed,
                num_nodes=len(self.topology.nodes),
                num_edges=len(self.topology.edges),
                duration_secs=self.scenario.duration_secs,
                topology=self.topology,
            )

            # Clean up veth pairs
            if self.veth_mgr:
                log.info("Cleaning up veth pairs...")
                self.veth_mgr.teardown_all()
        except Exception:
            # Same reasoning as run(): logging keeps the traceback in
            # runner.log, where re-raising would send it to stderr instead
            # and past the exit ladder, which would report a harvest that
            # fell over as a bad command line.
            log.exception("Teardown failed")
            self.aborted = True
            status = "teardown-failed"
            result = None
        finally:
            # Status first: it is the one artifact that must exist whatever
            # else happens, and stopping containers can still time out.
            self._write_status(status)
            log.info("Stopping containers...")
            docker_compose(
                self.compose_file,
                ["down"],
                check=False,
            )
            self._release_network()

        return result

    def _take_snapshot(self, label: str):
        """Query all nodes via control socket and save tree/MMP/congestion snapshots."""
        if not self.topology:
            return
        log.info("Taking %s snapshot...", label)
        tree_snap = snapshot_all_trees(self.topology)
        mmp_snap = snapshot_all_mmp(self.topology)
        congestion_snap = snapshot_all_congestion(self.topology)

        tree_path = os.path.join(self.output_dir, f"tree-snapshot-{label}.json")
        mmp_path = os.path.join(self.output_dir, f"mmp-snapshot-{label}.json")
        congestion_path = os.path.join(self.output_dir, f"congestion-snapshot-{label}.json")
        # Retained for the congestion assertion, which needs the same
        # responses the file gets. Reading the file back would let a write
        # failure present as an assertion that saw nothing.
        if label == "final":
            self.final_congestion = congestion_snap
            self.final_tree = tree_snap
        os.makedirs(self.output_dir, exist_ok=True)
        with open(tree_path, "w") as f:
            json.dump(tree_snap, f, indent=2)
        with open(mmp_path, "w") as f:
            json.dump(mmp_snap, f, indent=2)
        with open(congestion_path, "w") as f:
            json.dump(congestion_snap, f, indent=2)
        log.info(
            "Snapshot %s: %d/%d tree, %d/%d mmp, %d/%d congestion responses",
            label,
            len(tree_snap),
            len(self.topology.nodes),
            len(mmp_snap),
            len(self.topology.nodes),
            len(congestion_snap),
            len(self.topology.nodes),
        )

    def _schedule_next(self, now: float, interval) -> float:
        """Schedule the next event using a Range interval."""
        return now + self.rng.uniform(interval.min, interval.max)

    def _sleep(self, seconds: float):
        """Sleep in small increments so SIGINT can break out."""
        end = time.time() + seconds
        while time.time() < end and not self._interrupted:
            time.sleep(min(0.5, end - time.time()))