Files
client/node_modules/@noble/ciphers/src/utils.ts
T

1192 lines
41 KiB
TypeScript

/**
* Utilities for hex, bytes, CSPRNG.
* @module
*/
/*! noble-ciphers - MIT License (c) 2023 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
/**
* Bytes API type helpers for old + new TypeScript.
*
* TS 5.6 has `Uint8Array`, while TS 5.9+ made it generic `Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer>`.
* We can't use specific return type, because TS 5.6 will error.
* We can't use generic return type, because most TS 5.9 software will expect specific type.
*
* Maps typed-array input leaves to broad forms.
* These are compatibility adapters, not ownership guarantees.
*
* - `TArg` keeps byte inputs broad.
* - `TRet` marks byte outputs for TS 5.6 and TS 5.9+ compatibility.
*/
export type TypedArg<T> = T extends BigInt64Array
? BigInt64Array
: T extends BigUint64Array
? BigUint64Array
: T extends Float32Array
? Float32Array
: T extends Float64Array
? Float64Array
: T extends Int16Array
? Int16Array
: T extends Int32Array
? Int32Array
: T extends Int8Array
? Int8Array
: T extends Uint16Array
? Uint16Array
: T extends Uint32Array
? Uint32Array
: T extends Uint8ClampedArray
? Uint8ClampedArray
: T extends Uint8Array
? Uint8Array
: never;
/** Maps typed-array output leaves to narrow TS-compatible forms. */
export type TypedRet<T> = T extends BigInt64Array
? ReturnType<typeof BigInt64Array.of>
: T extends BigUint64Array
? ReturnType<typeof BigUint64Array.of>
: T extends Float32Array
? ReturnType<typeof Float32Array.of>
: T extends Float64Array
? ReturnType<typeof Float64Array.of>
: T extends Int16Array
? ReturnType<typeof Int16Array.of>
: T extends Int32Array
? ReturnType<typeof Int32Array.of>
: T extends Int8Array
? ReturnType<typeof Int8Array.of>
: T extends Uint16Array
? ReturnType<typeof Uint16Array.of>
: T extends Uint32Array
? ReturnType<typeof Uint32Array.of>
: T extends Uint8ClampedArray
? ReturnType<typeof Uint8ClampedArray.of>
: T extends Uint8Array
? ReturnType<typeof Uint8Array.of>
: never;
/** Recursively adapts byte-carrying API input types. See {@link TypedArg}. */
export type TArg<T> =
| T
| ([TypedArg<T>] extends [never]
? T extends (...args: infer A) => infer R
? ((...args: { [K in keyof A]: TRet<A[K]> }) => TArg<R>) & {
[K in keyof T]: T[K] extends (...args: any) => any ? T[K] : TArg<T[K]>;
}
: T extends [infer A, ...infer R]
? [TArg<A>, ...{ [K in keyof R]: TArg<R[K]> }]
: T extends readonly [infer A, ...infer R]
? readonly [TArg<A>, ...{ [K in keyof R]: TArg<R[K]> }]
: T extends (infer A)[]
? TArg<A>[]
: T extends readonly (infer A)[]
? readonly TArg<A>[]
: T extends Promise<infer A>
? Promise<TArg<A>>
: T extends object
? { [K in keyof T]: TArg<T[K]> }
: T
: TypedArg<T>);
/** Recursively adapts byte-carrying API output types. See {@link TypedArg}. */
export type TRet<T> = T extends unknown
? T &
([TypedRet<T>] extends [never]
? T extends (...args: infer A) => infer R
? ((...args: { [K in keyof A]: TArg<A[K]> }) => TRet<R>) & {
[K in keyof T]: T[K] extends (...args: any) => any ? T[K] : TRet<T[K]>;
}
: T extends [infer A, ...infer R]
? [TRet<A>, ...{ [K in keyof R]: TRet<R[K]> }]
: T extends readonly [infer A, ...infer R]
? readonly [TRet<A>, ...{ [K in keyof R]: TRet<R[K]> }]
: T extends (infer A)[]
? TRet<A>[]
: T extends readonly (infer A)[]
? readonly TRet<A>[]
: T extends Promise<infer A>
? Promise<TRet<A>>
: T extends object
? { [K in keyof T]: TRet<T[K]> }
: T
: TypedRet<T>)
: never;
/**
* Checks if something is Uint8Array. Be careful: nodejs Buffer will return true.
* @param a - Value to inspect.
* @returns `true` when the value is a Uint8Array view, including Node's `Buffer`.
* @example
* Guards a value before treating it as raw key material.
*
* ```ts
* isBytes(new Uint8Array());
* ```
*/
export function isBytes(a: unknown): a is Uint8Array {
// Plain `instanceof Uint8Array` is too strict for some Buffer / proxy /
// cross-realm cases. The fallback still requires a real ArrayBuffer view
// so plain JSON-deserialized `{ constructor: ... }`
// spoofing is rejected, and `BYTES_PER_ELEMENT === 1` keeps the fallback on byte-oriented views.
return (
a instanceof Uint8Array ||
(ArrayBuffer.isView(a) &&
a.constructor.name === 'Uint8Array' &&
'BYTES_PER_ELEMENT' in a &&
a.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT === 1)
);
}
/**
* Asserts something is boolean.
* @param b - Value to validate.
* @throws On wrong argument types. {@link TypeError}
* @example
* Validates a boolean option before branching on it.
*
* ```ts
* abool(true);
* ```
*/
export function abool(b: boolean): void {
if (typeof b !== 'boolean') throw new TypeError(`boolean expected, not ${b}`);
}
/**
* Asserts something is a non-negative safe integer.
* @param n - Value to validate.
* @throws On wrong argument types. {@link TypeError}
* @throws On wrong argument ranges or values. {@link RangeError}
* @example
* Validates a non-negative length or counter.
*
* ```ts
* anumber(1);
* ```
*/
export function anumber(n: number): void {
if (typeof n !== 'number') throw new TypeError('number expected, got ' + typeof n);
if (!Number.isSafeInteger(n) || n < 0)
throw new RangeError('positive integer expected, got ' + n);
}
/**
* Asserts something is Uint8Array.
* @param value - Value to validate.
* @param length - Expected byte length.
* @param title - Optional label used in error messages.
* @returns The validated byte array.
* On Node, `Buffer` is accepted too because it is a Uint8Array view.
* @throws On wrong argument types. {@link TypeError}
* @throws On wrong argument lengths. {@link RangeError}
* @example
* Validates a fixed-length nonce or key buffer.
*
* ```ts
* abytes(new Uint8Array([1, 2]), 2);
* ```
*/
export function abytes(
value: TArg<Uint8Array>,
length?: number,
title: string = ''
): TRet<Uint8Array> {
const bytes = isBytes(value);
const len = value?.length;
const needsLen = length !== undefined;
if (!bytes || (needsLen && len !== length)) {
const prefix = title && `"${title}" `;
const ofLen = needsLen ? ` of length ${length}` : '';
const got = bytes ? `length=${len}` : `type=${typeof value}`;
const message = prefix + 'expected Uint8Array' + ofLen + ', got ' + got;
if (!bytes) throw new TypeError(message);
throw new RangeError(message);
}
return value as TRet<Uint8Array>;
}
/**
* Asserts a hash- or MAC-like instance has not been destroyed or finished.
* @param instance - Stateful instance to validate.
* @param checkFinished - Whether to reject finished instances.
* When `false`, only `destroyed` is checked.
* @throws If the hash instance has already been destroyed or finalized. {@link Error}
* @example
* Guards against calling `update()` or `digest()` on a finished hash.
*
* ```ts
* aexists({ destroyed: false, finished: false });
* ```
*/
export function aexists(instance: any, checkFinished = true): void {
if (instance.destroyed) throw new Error('Hash instance has been destroyed');
if (checkFinished && instance.finished) throw new Error('Hash#digest() has already been called');
}
/**
* Asserts output is a properly-sized byte array.
* @param out - Output buffer to validate.
* @param instance - Hash-like instance providing `outputLen`.
* This is the relaxed `digestInto()`-style contract: output must be at least `outputLen`,
* unlike one-shot cipher helpers elsewhere in the repo that often require exact lengths.
* @throws On wrong argument types. {@link TypeError}
* @param onlyAligned - Whether `out` must be 4-byte aligned for zero-allocation word views.
* @throws On wrong output buffer lengths. {@link RangeError}
* @throws On wrong output buffer alignment. {@link Error}
* @example
* Verifies that a caller-provided output buffer is large enough.
*
* ```ts
* aoutput(new Uint8Array(16), { outputLen: 16 });
* ```
*/
export function aoutput(out: any, instance: any, onlyAligned = false): void {
abytes(out, undefined, 'output');
const min = instance.outputLen;
if (out.length < min) {
throw new RangeError('digestInto() expects output buffer of length at least ' + min);
}
if (onlyAligned && !isAligned32(out)) throw new Error('invalid output, must be aligned');
}
/** One-shot hash helper with `.create()`. */
export type IHash = {
(data: string | TArg<Uint8Array>): TRet<Uint8Array>;
/** Input block size in bytes. */
blockLen: number;
/** Digest size in bytes. */
outputLen: number;
/** Creates a fresh incremental hash instance of the same algorithm. */
create: any;
};
/** One-shot MAC helper with `.create()`. */
export type CMac<H extends IHash2 = IHash2, A extends any[] = []> = {
(msg: TArg<Uint8Array>, key: TArg<Uint8Array>): TRet<Uint8Array>;
/** Input block size in bytes. */
blockLen: number;
/** Digest size in bytes. */
outputLen: number;
/**
* Creates a fresh incremental MAC instance of the same algorithm.
* @param key - MAC key bytes.
* @param args - Additional constructor arguments, when the MAC wrapper needs them.
* @returns Fresh incremental MAC instance.
*/
create(key: TArg<Uint8Array>, ...args: A): H;
};
/** Generic type encompassing 8/16/32-bit typed arrays, but not 64-bit. */
// prettier-ignore
export type TypedArray = Int8Array | Uint8ClampedArray | Uint8Array |
Uint16Array | Int16Array | Uint32Array | Int32Array;
/**
* Casts a typed-array view to Uint8Array.
* @param arr - Typed-array view to reinterpret.
* @returns Uint8Array view over the same bytes.
* @example
* Views 32-bit words as raw bytes without copying.
*
* ```ts
* u8(new Uint32Array([1]));
* ```
*/
export function u8(arr: TArg<TypedArray>): TRet<Uint8Array> {
return new Uint8Array(arr.buffer, arr.byteOffset, arr.byteLength) as TRet<Uint8Array>;
}
/**
* Casts a typed-array view to Uint32Array.
* @param arr - Typed-array view to reinterpret.
* @returns Uint32Array view over the same bytes. Callers are expected to provide a
* 4-byte-aligned offset; trailing `1..3` bytes are silently dropped.
* @example
* Views a byte buffer as 32-bit words for block processing.
*
* ```ts
* u32(new Uint8Array(4));
* ```
*/
export function u32(arr: TArg<TypedArray>): TRet<Uint32Array> {
return new Uint32Array(
arr.buffer,
arr.byteOffset,
Math.floor(arr.byteLength / 4)
) as TRet<Uint32Array>;
}
/**
* Zeroizes typed arrays in place.
* Warning: JS provides no guarantees.
* @param arrays - Arrays to wipe.
* @example
* Wipes a temporary key buffer after use.
*
* ```ts
* const bytes = new Uint8Array([1]);
* clean(bytes);
* ```
*/
export function clean(...arrays: TArg<TypedArray[]>): void {
for (let i = 0; i < arrays.length; i++) {
arrays[i].fill(0);
}
}
/**
* Creates a DataView for byte-level manipulation.
* @param arr - Typed-array view to wrap.
* @returns DataView over the same bytes.
* @example
* Creates an endian-aware view for length encoding.
*
* ```ts
* createView(new Uint8Array(4));
* ```
*/
export function createView(arr: TArg<TypedArray>): DataView {
return new DataView(arr.buffer, arr.byteOffset, arr.byteLength);
}
/**
* Whether the current platform is little-endian.
* Most are; some IBM systems are not.
*/
export const isLE: boolean = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
new Uint8Array(new Uint32Array([0x11223344]).buffer)[0] === 0x44)();
/**
* Reverses byte order of one 32-bit word.
* @param word - Unsigned 32-bit word to swap.
* @returns The same word with bytes reversed.
* @example
* Swaps a big-endian word into little-endian byte order.
*
* ```ts
* byteSwap(0x11223344);
* ```
*/
export const byteSwap = (word: number): number =>
((word << 24) & 0xff000000) |
((word << 8) & 0xff0000) |
((word >>> 8) & 0xff00) |
((word >>> 24) & 0xff);
/**
* Normalizes one 32-bit word to the little-endian representation expected by cipher cores.
* @param n - Unsigned 32-bit word to normalize.
* @returns Little-endian normalized word on big-endian hosts, else the input word unchanged.
* @example
* Normalizes a host-endian word before passing it into an ARX/AES core.
*
* ```ts
* swap8IfBE(0x11223344);
* ```
*/
export const swap8IfBE: (n: number) => number = isLE
? (n: number) => n
: (n: number) => byteSwap(n) >>> 0;
/**
* Byte-swaps every word of a Uint32Array in place.
* @param arr - Uint32Array whose words should be swapped.
* @returns The same array after in-place byte swapping.
* @example
* Swaps every 32-bit word in a word-view buffer.
*
* ```ts
* byteSwap32(new Uint32Array([0x11223344]));
* ```
*/
export const byteSwap32 = (arr: TArg<Uint32Array>): TRet<Uint32Array> => {
for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) arr[i] = byteSwap(arr[i]);
return arr as TRet<Uint32Array>;
};
/**
* Normalizes a Uint32Array view to the little-endian representation expected by cipher cores.
* @param u - Word view to normalize in place.
* @returns Little-endian normalized word view.
* @example
* Normalizes a word-view buffer before block processing.
*
* ```ts
* swap32IfBE(new Uint32Array([0x11223344]));
* ```
*/
export const swap32IfBE: (u: TArg<Uint32Array>) => TRet<Uint32Array> = isLE
? (u: TArg<Uint32Array>) => u as TRet<Uint32Array>
: byteSwap32;
// Built-in hex conversion:
// {@link https://caniuse.com/mdn-javascript_builtins_uint8array_fromhex | caniuse entry}
const hasHexBuiltin: boolean = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
// @ts-ignore
typeof Uint8Array.from([]).toHex === 'function' && typeof Uint8Array.fromHex === 'function')();
// Array where index 0xf0 (240) is mapped to string 'f0'
const hexes = /* @__PURE__ */ Array.from({ length: 256 }, (_, i) =>
i.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
);
/**
* Convert byte array to hex string. Uses built-in function, when available.
* @param bytes - Bytes to encode.
* @returns Lowercase hexadecimal string.
* @throws On wrong argument types. {@link TypeError}
* @example
* Formats ciphertext bytes for logs or test vectors.
*
* ```ts
* bytesToHex(Uint8Array.from([0xca, 0xfe, 0x01, 0x23])); // 'cafe0123'
* ```
*/
export function bytesToHex(bytes: TArg<Uint8Array>): string {
abytes(bytes);
// @ts-ignore
if (hasHexBuiltin) return bytes.toHex();
// pre-caching improves the speed 6x
let hex = '';
for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
hex += hexes[bytes[i]];
}
return hex;
}
// We use optimized technique to convert hex string to byte array
const asciis = { _0: 48, _9: 57, A: 65, F: 70, a: 97, f: 102 } as const;
function asciiToBase16(ch: number): number | undefined {
if (ch >= asciis._0 && ch <= asciis._9) return ch - asciis._0; // '2' => 50-48
if (ch >= asciis.A && ch <= asciis.F) return ch - (asciis.A - 10); // 'B' => 66-(65-10)
if (ch >= asciis.a && ch <= asciis.f) return ch - (asciis.a - 10); // 'b' => 98-(97-10)
return;
}
/**
* Convert hex string to byte array. Uses built-in function, when available.
* @param hex - Hexadecimal string to decode.
* @returns Decoded bytes.
* @throws On wrong argument types. {@link TypeError}
* @throws On malformed hexadecimal input. {@link RangeError}
* @example
* Parses a hex test vector into bytes.
*
* ```ts
* hexToBytes('cafe0123'); // Uint8Array.from([0xca, 0xfe, 0x01, 0x23])
* ```
*/
export function hexToBytes(hex: string): TRet<Uint8Array> {
if (typeof hex !== 'string') throw new TypeError('hex string expected, got ' + typeof hex);
if (hasHexBuiltin) {
try {
return (Uint8Array as any).fromHex(hex);
} catch (error) {
if (error instanceof SyntaxError) throw new RangeError(error.message);
throw error;
}
}
const hl = hex.length;
const al = hl / 2;
if (hl % 2) throw new RangeError('hex string expected, got unpadded hex of length ' + hl);
const array = new Uint8Array(al);
for (let ai = 0, hi = 0; ai < al; ai++, hi += 2) {
const n1 = asciiToBase16(hex.charCodeAt(hi));
const n2 = asciiToBase16(hex.charCodeAt(hi + 1));
if (n1 === undefined || n2 === undefined) {
const char = hex[hi] + hex[hi + 1];
throw new RangeError(
'hex string expected, got non-hex character "' + char + '" at index ' + hi
);
}
array[ai] = n1 * 16 + n2; // multiply first octet, e.g. 'a3' => 10*16+3 => 160 + 3 => 163
}
return array as TRet<Uint8Array>;
}
// Used in micro
/**
* Converts a big-endian hex string into bigint.
* @param hex - Hexadecimal string without `0x`.
* @returns Parsed bigint value. The empty string is treated as `0n`.
* @throws On wrong argument types. {@link TypeError}
* @example
* Parses a big-endian field element or counter from hex.
*
* ```ts
* hexToNumber('ff');
* ```
*/
export function hexToNumber(hex: string): bigint {
if (typeof hex !== 'string') throw new TypeError('hex string expected, got ' + typeof hex);
return BigInt(hex === '' ? '0' : '0x' + hex); // Big Endian
}
// Used in ff1
// BE: Big Endian, LE: Little Endian
/**
* Converts big-endian bytes into bigint.
* @param bytes - Big-endian bytes.
* @returns Parsed bigint value. Empty input is treated as `0n`.
* @throws On invalid byte input passed to the internal hex conversion. {@link TypeError}
* @example
* Reads a big-endian integer from serialized bytes.
*
* ```ts
* bytesToNumberBE(new Uint8Array([1, 0]));
* ```
*/
export function bytesToNumberBE(bytes: TArg<Uint8Array>): bigint {
return hexToNumber(bytesToHex(bytes));
}
// Used in micro, ff1
/**
* Converts a number into big-endian bytes of fixed length.
* @param n - Number to encode.
* @param len - Output length in bytes.
* @returns Big-endian bytes padded to `len`.
* Validation is indirect through `hexToBytes(...)`, so negative values, `len = 0`,
* and values that do not fit surface through the downstream hex parser instead of a
* dedicated range guard here.
* @throws On wrong argument types. {@link TypeError}
* @throws If the requested output length cannot represent the encoded value. {@link RangeError}
* @example
* Encodes a counter as fixed-width big-endian bytes.
*
* ```ts
* numberToBytesBE(1, 2);
* ```
*/
export function numberToBytesBE(n: number | bigint, len: number): TRet<Uint8Array> {
// Reject coercible non-numeric inputs before string/hex conversion changes behavior.
if (typeof n === 'number') anumber(n);
else if (typeof n !== 'bigint') throw new TypeError(`number or bigint expected, got ${typeof n}`);
anumber(len);
return hexToBytes(n.toString(16).padStart(len * 2, '0'));
}
// Global symbols, but ts doesn't see them:
// {@link https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/31535 | TypeScript issue 31535}
declare const TextEncoder: any;
declare const TextDecoder: any;
/**
* Converts string to bytes using UTF8 encoding.
* @param str - String to encode.
* @returns UTF-8 bytes in a detached fresh Uint8Array copy.
* @throws On wrong argument types. {@link TypeError}
* @example
* Encodes application text before encryption or MACing.
*
* ```ts
* utf8ToBytes('abc'); // new Uint8Array([97, 98, 99])
* ```
*/
export function utf8ToBytes(str: string): TRet<Uint8Array> {
if (typeof str !== 'string') throw new TypeError('string expected');
return new Uint8Array(new TextEncoder().encode(str)) as TRet<Uint8Array>; // {@link https://bugzil.la/1681809 | Firefox bug 1681809}
}
/**
* Converts bytes to string using UTF8 encoding.
* @param bytes - UTF-8 bytes.
* @returns Decoded string. Input validation is delegated to `TextDecoder`, and malformed
* UTF-8 is replacement-decoded instead of rejected.
* @example
* Decodes UTF-8 plaintext back into a string.
*
* ```ts
* bytesToUtf8(new Uint8Array([97, 98, 99])); // 'abc'
* ```
*/
export function bytesToUtf8(bytes: TArg<Uint8Array>): string {
return new TextDecoder().decode(bytes);
}
/**
* Checks if two U8A use same underlying buffer and overlaps.
* This is invalid and can corrupt data.
* @param a - First byte view.
* @param b - Second byte view.
* @returns `true` when the views overlap in memory.
* @example
* Detects whether two slices alias the same backing buffer.
*
* ```ts
* overlapBytes(new Uint8Array(4), new Uint8Array(4));
* ```
*/
export function overlapBytes(a: TArg<Uint8Array>, b: TArg<Uint8Array>): boolean {
// Zero-length views cannot overwrite anything, even if their offset sits inside another range.
if (!a.byteLength || !b.byteLength) return false;
return (
a.buffer === b.buffer && // best we can do, may fail with an obscure Proxy
a.byteOffset < b.byteOffset + b.byteLength && // a starts before b end
b.byteOffset < a.byteOffset + a.byteLength // b starts before a end
);
}
/**
* If input and output overlap and input starts before output, we will overwrite end of input before
* we start processing it, so this is not supported for most ciphers
* (except chacha/salsa, which were designed for this)
* @param input - Input bytes.
* @param output - Output bytes.
* @throws If the output view would overwrite unread input bytes. {@link Error}
* @example
* Rejects an in-place layout that would overwrite unread input bytes.
*
* ```ts
* complexOverlapBytes(new Uint8Array(4), new Uint8Array(4));
* ```
*/
export function complexOverlapBytes(input: TArg<Uint8Array>, output: TArg<Uint8Array>): void {
// This is very cursed. It works somehow, but I'm completely unsure,
// reasoning about overlapping aligned windows is very hard.
if (overlapBytes(input, output) && input.byteOffset < output.byteOffset)
throw new Error('complex overlap of input and output is not supported');
}
/**
* Copies several Uint8Arrays into one.
* @param arrays - Byte arrays to concatenate.
* @returns Combined byte array.
* @throws On wrong argument types inside the byte-array list. {@link TypeError}
* @example
* Builds a `nonce || ciphertext` style buffer.
*
* ```ts
* concatBytes(new Uint8Array([1]), new Uint8Array([2]));
* ```
*/
export function concatBytes(...arrays: TArg<Uint8Array[]>): TRet<Uint8Array> {
let sum = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < arrays.length; i++) {
const a = arrays[i];
abytes(a);
sum += a.length;
}
const res = new Uint8Array(sum);
for (let i = 0, pad = 0; i < arrays.length; i++) {
const a = arrays[i];
res.set(a, pad);
pad += a.length;
}
return res as TRet<Uint8Array>;
}
// Used in ARX only
type EmptyObj = {};
/**
* Merges user options into defaults.
* @param defaults - Default option values.
* @param opts - User-provided overrides.
* @returns Combined options object.
* The merge mutates `defaults` in place and returns the same object.
* @throws If options are missing or not an object. {@link Error}
* @example
* Applies user overrides to the default cipher options.
*
* ```ts
* checkOpts({ rounds: 20 }, { rounds: 8 });
* ```
*/
export function checkOpts<T1 extends EmptyObj, T2 extends EmptyObj>(
defaults: T1,
opts: T2
): T1 & T2 {
if (opts == null || typeof opts !== 'object') throw new Error('options must be defined');
const merged = Object.assign(defaults, opts);
return merged as T1 & T2;
}
/**
* Compares two byte arrays in kinda constant time once lengths already match.
* @param a - First byte array.
* @param b - Second byte array.
* @returns `true` when the arrays contain the same bytes. Different lengths still return early.
* @example
* Compares an expected authentication tag with the received one.
*
* ```ts
* equalBytes(new Uint8Array([1]), new Uint8Array([1]));
* ```
*/
export function equalBytes(a: TArg<Uint8Array>, b: TArg<Uint8Array>): boolean {
if (a.length !== b.length) return false;
let diff = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) diff |= a[i] ^ b[i];
return diff === 0;
}
// TODO: remove
/** Incremental hash interface used internally. */
export interface IHash2 {
/** Bytes processed per compression block. */
blockLen: number;
/** Bytes produced by the final digest. */
outputLen: number;
/**
* Absorbs one more chunk into the hash state.
* @param buf - Data chunk to hash.
* @returns The same hash instance for chaining.
*/
update(buf: string | TArg<Uint8Array>): this;
/**
* Writes the final digest into a caller-provided buffer.
* @param buf - Destination buffer for the digest bytes.
* @returns Nothing. Implementations write into `buf` in place.
*/
digestInto(buf: TArg<Uint8Array>): void;
/**
* Finalizes the hash and returns a fresh digest buffer.
* @returns Digest bytes.
*/
digest(): TRet<Uint8Array>;
/**
* Resets internal state. Makes Hash instance unusable.
* Reset is impossible for keyed hashes if key is consumed into state. If digest is not consumed
* by user, they will need to manually call `destroy()` when zeroing is necessary.
*/
destroy(): void;
}
/**
* Wraps a keyed MAC constructor into a one-shot helper with `.create()`.
* @param keyLen - Valid probe-key length used to read static metadata once.
* The probe key is only used for `outputLen` / `blockLen`, so callers with several valid key sizes
* can pass any representative size as long as those values stay fixed.
* @param macCons - Keyed MAC constructor or factory.
* @param fromMsg - Optional adapter that derives extra constructor args from the one-shot message.
* @returns Callable MAC helper with `.create()`.
*/
export function wrapMacConstructor<H extends IHash2, A extends any[] = []>(
keyLen: number,
macCons: TArg<(key: Uint8Array, ...args: A) => H>,
fromMsg?: TArg<(msg: Uint8Array) => A>
): TRet<CMac<H, A>> {
const mac = macCons as (key: TArg<Uint8Array>, ...args: A) => H;
const getArgs = (fromMsg || (() => [] as unknown as A)) as (msg: TArg<Uint8Array>) => A;
const macC: any = (msg: TArg<Uint8Array>, key: TArg<Uint8Array>): TRet<Uint8Array> =>
mac(key, ...getArgs(msg))
.update(msg)
.digest();
const tmp = mac(new Uint8Array(keyLen), ...getArgs(new Uint8Array(0)));
macC.outputLen = tmp.outputLen;
macC.blockLen = tmp.blockLen;
macC.create = (key: TArg<Uint8Array>, ...args: A) => mac(key, ...args);
return macC as TRet<CMac<H, A>>;
}
// This will allow to re-use with composable things like packed & base encoders
// Also, we probably can make tags composable
/** Sync cipher: takes byte array and returns byte array. */
export type Cipher = {
/**
* Encrypts plaintext bytes.
* @param plaintext - Data to encrypt.
* @returns Ciphertext bytes.
*/
encrypt(plaintext: TArg<Uint8Array>): TRet<Uint8Array>;
/**
* Decrypts ciphertext bytes.
* @param ciphertext - Data to decrypt.
* @returns Plaintext bytes.
*/
decrypt(ciphertext: TArg<Uint8Array>): TRet<Uint8Array>;
};
/** Async cipher e.g. from built-in WebCrypto. */
export type AsyncCipher = {
/**
* Encrypts plaintext bytes.
* @param plaintext - Data to encrypt.
* @returns Promise resolving to ciphertext bytes.
*/
encrypt(plaintext: TArg<Uint8Array>): Promise<TRet<Uint8Array>>;
/**
* Decrypts ciphertext bytes.
* @param ciphertext - Data to decrypt.
* @returns Promise resolving to plaintext bytes.
*/
decrypt(ciphertext: TArg<Uint8Array>): Promise<TRet<Uint8Array>>;
};
/** Cipher with `output` argument which can optimize by doing 1 less allocation. */
export type CipherWithOutput = Cipher & {
/**
* Encrypts plaintext bytes into an optional caller-provided buffer.
* @param plaintext - Data to encrypt.
* @param output - Optional destination buffer.
* @returns Ciphertext bytes.
*/
encrypt(plaintext: TArg<Uint8Array>, output?: TArg<Uint8Array>): TRet<Uint8Array>;
/**
* Decrypts ciphertext bytes into an optional caller-provided buffer.
* @param ciphertext - Data to decrypt.
* @param output - Optional destination buffer.
* @returns Plaintext bytes.
*/
decrypt(ciphertext: TArg<Uint8Array>, output?: TArg<Uint8Array>): TRet<Uint8Array>;
};
/**
* Params are outside of return type, so it is accessible before calling constructor.
* If function support multiple nonceLength's, we return the best one.
*/
export type CipherParams = {
/** Cipher block size in bytes. */
blockSize: number;
/** Nonce length in bytes when the cipher uses a fixed nonce size. */
nonceLength?: number;
/** Authentication-tag length in bytes for AEAD modes. */
tagLength?: number;
/** Whether nonce length is variable at runtime. */
varSizeNonce?: boolean;
};
/**
* ARX AEAD cipher, like salsa or chacha.
* @param key - Secret key bytes.
* @param nonce - Nonce bytes.
* @param AAD - Optional associated data.
* @returns Cipher instance with caller-managed output buffers.
*/
export type ARXCipher = ((
key: TArg<Uint8Array>,
nonce: TArg<Uint8Array>,
AAD?: TArg<Uint8Array>
) => CipherWithOutput) & {
blockSize: number;
nonceLength: number;
tagLength: number;
};
/**
* Cipher constructor signature.
* @param key - Secret key bytes.
* @param args - Additional constructor arguments, such as nonce or IV.
* @returns Cipher instance.
*/
export type CipherCons<T extends any[]> = (key: TArg<Uint8Array>, ...args: T) => Cipher;
/**
* Wraps a cipher: validates args, ensures encrypt() can only be called once.
* Used internally by the exported cipher constructors.
* Output-buffer support is inferred from the wrapped `encrypt` / `decrypt`
* arity (`fn.length === 2`), and tag-bearing constructors are expected to use
* `args[1]` for optional AAD.
* @__NO_SIDE_EFFECTS__
* @param params - Static cipher metadata. See {@link CipherParams}.
* @param constructor - Cipher constructor.
* @returns Wrapped constructor with validation.
*/
export const wrapCipher = <C extends CipherCons<any>, P extends CipherParams>(
params: P,
constructor: C
): C & P => {
function wrappedCipher(key: TArg<Uint8Array>, ...args: any[]): TRet<CipherWithOutput> {
// Validate key
abytes(key, undefined, 'key');
// Validate nonce if nonceLength is present
if (params.nonceLength !== undefined) {
const nonce = args[0];
abytes(nonce, params.varSizeNonce ? undefined : params.nonceLength, 'nonce');
}
// Validate AAD if tagLength present
const tagl = params.tagLength;
if (tagl && args[1] !== undefined) abytes(args[1], undefined, 'AAD');
const cipher = constructor(key, ...args);
const checkOutput = (fnLength: number, output?: TArg<Uint8Array>) => {
if (output !== undefined) {
if (fnLength !== 2) throw new Error('cipher output not supported');
abytes(output, undefined, 'output');
}
};
// Create wrapped cipher with validation and single-use encryption
let called = false;
const wrCipher = {
encrypt(data: TArg<Uint8Array>, output?: TArg<Uint8Array>) {
if (called) throw new Error('cannot encrypt() twice with same key + nonce');
called = true;
abytes(data);
checkOutput(cipher.encrypt.length, output);
return (cipher as CipherWithOutput).encrypt(data, output);
},
decrypt(data: TArg<Uint8Array>, output?: TArg<Uint8Array>) {
abytes(data);
if (tagl && data.length < tagl)
throw new Error('"ciphertext" expected length bigger than tagLength=' + tagl);
checkOutput(cipher.decrypt.length, output);
return (cipher as CipherWithOutput).decrypt(data, output);
},
};
return wrCipher as TRet<CipherWithOutput>;
}
Object.assign(wrappedCipher, params);
return wrappedCipher as C & P;
};
/**
* Represents a Salsa or ChaCha xor stream.
* @param key - Secret key bytes.
* @param nonce - Nonce bytes.
* @param data - Input bytes to xor with the keystream.
* @param output - Optional destination buffer.
* @param counter - Optional starting block counter.
* @returns Output bytes.
*/
export type XorStream = (
key: TArg<Uint8Array>,
nonce: TArg<Uint8Array>,
data: TArg<Uint8Array>,
output?: TArg<Uint8Array>,
counter?: number
) => TRet<Uint8Array>;
/**
* By default, returns u8a of length.
* When out is available, it checks it for validity and uses it.
* @param expectedLength - Required output length.
* @param out - Optional destination buffer.
* @param onlyAligned - Whether `out` must be 4-byte aligned.
* @returns Output buffer ready for writing.
* @throws On wrong argument types. {@link TypeError}
* @throws If the provided output buffer has the wrong size or alignment. {@link Error}
* @example
* Reuses a caller-provided output buffer when lengths match.
*
* ```ts
* getOutput(16, new Uint8Array(16));
* ```
*/
export function getOutput(
expectedLength: number,
out?: TArg<Uint8Array>,
onlyAligned = true
): TRet<Uint8Array> {
if (out === undefined) return new Uint8Array(expectedLength) as TRet<Uint8Array>;
// Keep Buffer/cross-realm Uint8Array support here instead of trusting a shape-compatible object.
abytes(out, undefined, 'output');
if (out.length !== expectedLength)
throw new Error(
'"output" expected Uint8Array of length ' + expectedLength + ', got: ' + out.length
);
if (onlyAligned && !isAligned32(out)) throw new Error('invalid output, must be aligned');
return out as TRet<Uint8Array>;
}
/**
* Encodes data and AAD bit lengths into a 16-byte buffer.
* @param dataLength - Data length in bits.
* @param aadLength - AAD length in bits.
* The serialized block is still `aadLength || dataLength`, matching GCM/Poly1305
* conventions even though the helper parameter order is `(dataLength, aadLength)`.
* @param isLE - Whether to encode lengths as little-endian.
* @returns 16-byte length block.
* @throws On wrong argument types passed to the endian validator. {@link TypeError}
* @throws On wrong argument ranges or values. {@link RangeError}
* @example
* Builds the length block appended by GCM and Poly1305.
*
* ```ts
* u64Lengths(16, 8, true);
* ```
*/
export function u64Lengths(dataLength: number, aadLength: number, isLE: boolean): TRet<Uint8Array> {
// Reject coercible non-number lengths like '10' and true before BigInt(...) accepts them.
anumber(dataLength);
anumber(aadLength);
abool(isLE);
const num = new Uint8Array(16);
const view = createView(num);
view.setBigUint64(0, BigInt(aadLength), isLE);
view.setBigUint64(8, BigInt(dataLength), isLE);
return num as TRet<Uint8Array>;
}
/**
* Checks whether a byte array is aligned to a 4-byte offset.
* @param bytes - Byte array to inspect.
* @returns `true` when the view is 4-byte aligned.
* @example
* Checks whether a buffer can be safely viewed as Uint32Array.
*
* ```ts
* isAligned32(new Uint8Array(4));
* ```
*/
export function isAligned32(bytes: TArg<Uint8Array>): boolean {
return bytes.byteOffset % 4 === 0;
}
/**
* Copies bytes into a new Uint8Array.
* @param bytes - Bytes to copy.
* @returns Copied byte array.
* @throws On wrong argument types. {@link TypeError}
* @example
* Copies input into an aligned Uint8Array before block processing.
*
* ```ts
* copyBytes(new Uint8Array([1, 2]));
* ```
*/
export function copyBytes(bytes: TArg<Uint8Array>): TRet<Uint8Array> {
// `Uint8Array.from(...)` would also accept arrays / other typed arrays. Keep this helper strict
// because callers use it at byte-validation boundaries before mutating the detached copy.
return Uint8Array.from(abytes(bytes)) as TRet<Uint8Array>;
}
/**
* Cryptographically secure PRNG.
* Uses internal OS-level `crypto.getRandomValues`.
* @param bytesLength - Number of bytes to produce.
* Validation is delegated to `Uint8Array(bytesLength)` and `getRandomValues`, so
* non-integers, negative lengths, and oversize requests surface backend/runtime errors.
* @returns Random byte array.
* @throws On wrong argument types. {@link TypeError}
* @throws On wrong argument ranges or values. {@link RangeError}
* @throws If the runtime does not expose `crypto.getRandomValues`. {@link Error}
* @example
* Generates a fresh nonce or key.
*
* ```ts
* randomBytes(16);
* ```
*/
export function randomBytes(bytesLength = 32): TRet<Uint8Array> {
// Validate upfront so fractional / coercible lengths do not silently
// truncate through Uint8Array().
anumber(bytesLength);
const cr = typeof globalThis === 'object' ? (globalThis as any).crypto : null;
if (typeof cr?.getRandomValues !== 'function')
throw new Error('crypto.getRandomValues must be defined');
return cr.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(bytesLength)) as TRet<Uint8Array>;
}
/**
* The pseudorandom number generator doesn't wipe current state:
* instead, it generates new one based on previous state + entropy.
* Not reseed/rekey, since AES CTR DRBG does rekey on each randomBytes,
* which is in fact `reseed`, since it changes counter too.
*/
export interface PRG {
/**
* Mixes fresh entropy into the current generator state.
* @param seed - Entropy bytes to absorb.
*/
addEntropy(seed: TArg<Uint8Array>): void;
/**
* Produces a requested number of pseudorandom bytes.
* @param bytesLength - Number of bytes to generate.
* @returns Random byte array.
*/
randomBytes(bytesLength: number): TRet<Uint8Array>;
/** Destroys the generator state. */
clean(): void;
}
/** Removes the nonce argument from a cipher constructor type. */
export type RemoveNonce<T extends (...args: any) => any> = T extends (
arg0: any,
arg1: any,
...rest: infer R
) => infer Ret
? (key: TArg<Uint8Array>, ...args: R) => Ret
: never;
/**
* Cipher constructor that requires a nonce argument.
* @param key - Secret key bytes.
* @param nonce - Nonce bytes.
* @param args - Additional cipher-specific arguments.
* @returns Cipher instance.
*/
export type CipherWithNonce = ((
key: TArg<Uint8Array>,
nonce: TArg<Uint8Array>,
...args: any[]
) => Cipher | AsyncCipher) & {
nonceLength: number;
};
/**
* Uses CSPRNG for nonce, nonce injected in ciphertext.
* For `encrypt`, a `nonceBytes`-length buffer is fetched from CSPRNG and
* prepended to encrypted ciphertext. For `decrypt`, first `nonceBytes` of ciphertext
* are treated as nonce. The wrapper always allocates a fresh `nonce || ciphertext`
* buffer on encrypt and intentionally does not support caller-provided destination buffers.
* Too-short decrypt inputs are split into short/empty nonce views and then delegated
* to the wrapped cipher instead of being rejected here first.
*
* NOTE: Under the same key, using random nonces (e.g. `managedNonce`) with AES-GCM and ChaCha
* should be limited to `2**23` (8M) messages to get a collision chance of
* `2**-50`. Stretching to `2**32` (4B) messages would raise that chance to
* `2**-33`, still negligible but creeping up.
* @param fn - Cipher constructor that expects a nonce.
* @param randomBytes_ - Random-byte source used for nonce generation.
* @returns Cipher constructor that prepends the nonce to ciphertext.
* @throws On wrong argument types. {@link TypeError}
* @throws On invalid nonce lengths observed at wrapper construction or use. {@link RangeError}
* @example
* Prepends a fresh random nonce to every ciphertext.
*
* ```ts
* import { gcm } from '@noble/ciphers/aes.js';
* import { managedNonce, randomBytes } from '@noble/ciphers/utils.js';
* const wrapped = managedNonce(gcm);
* const key = randomBytes(16);
* const ciphertext = wrapped(key).encrypt(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]));
* wrapped(key).decrypt(ciphertext);
* ```
*/
export function managedNonce<T extends CipherWithNonce>(
fn: T,
randomBytes_: typeof randomBytes = randomBytes
): TRet<RemoveNonce<T>> {
const { nonceLength } = fn;
anumber(nonceLength);
const addNonce = (
nonce: TArg<Uint8Array>,
ciphertext: TArg<Uint8Array>,
plaintext: TArg<Uint8Array>
) => {
const out = concatBytes(nonce, ciphertext);
// Wrapped ciphers may alias caller plaintext on encrypt(); never zero
// caller-owned buffers here.
if (!overlapBytes(plaintext, ciphertext)) ciphertext.fill(0);
return out;
};
// NOTE: we cannot support DST here, it would be mistake:
// - we don't know how much dst length cipher requires
// - nonce may unalign dst and break everything
// - we create new u8a anyway (concatBytes)
// - previously we passed all args to cipher, but that was mistake!
const res = ((key: TArg<Uint8Array>, ...args: any[]): any => ({
encrypt(plaintext: TArg<Uint8Array>) {
abytes(plaintext);
const nonce = randomBytes_(nonceLength);
const encrypted = fn(key, nonce, ...args).encrypt(plaintext);
// @ts-ignore
if (encrypted instanceof Promise)
return encrypted.then((ct) => addNonce(nonce, ct, plaintext));
return addNonce(nonce, encrypted, plaintext);
},
decrypt(ciphertext: TArg<Uint8Array>) {
abytes(ciphertext);
const nonce = ciphertext.subarray(0, nonceLength);
const decrypted = ciphertext.subarray(nonceLength);
return fn(key, nonce, ...args).decrypt(decrypted);
},
})) as RemoveNonce<T> & { blockSize?: number; tagLength?: number };
// Auto-nonce wrappers still preserve the wrapped payload geometry.
if ('blockSize' in fn) res.blockSize = (fn as any).blockSize;
if ('tagLength' in fn) res.tagLength = (fn as any).tagLength;
return res as TRet<RemoveNonce<T>>;
}
/** `Uint8Array.of()` return type helper for TS 5.9. */
export type Uint8ArrayBuffer = TRet<Uint8Array>;