diff --git a/amethyst/src/fdroid/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/notifications/PushNotificationUtils.kt b/amethyst/src/fdroid/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/notifications/PushNotificationUtils.kt
index 310ced70b8..a3d52c6c8d 100644
--- a/amethyst/src/fdroid/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/notifications/PushNotificationUtils.kt
+++ b/amethyst/src/fdroid/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/notifications/PushNotificationUtils.kt
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.notifications
 
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.AccountInfo
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.retryIfException
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.util.retryIfException
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
 import okhttp3.OkHttpClient
 
diff --git a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/model/UrlCachedPreviewer.kt b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/model/UrlCachedPreviewer.kt
index 8640804783..2544c32776 100644
--- a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/model/UrlCachedPreviewer.kt
+++ b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/model/UrlCachedPreviewer.kt
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.model
 
 import android.util.LruCache
 import androidx.compose.runtime.Stable
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.previews.UrlPreview
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.preview.UrlPreview
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.ui.components.UrlPreviewState
 import okhttp3.OkHttpClient
 
diff --git a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/previews/HtmlParser.kt b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/previews/HtmlParser.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index d9116c56e1..0000000000
--- a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/previews/HtmlParser.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2025 Vitor Pamplona
- *
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
- * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
- * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
- * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
- * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
- * subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
- * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
- * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
- * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
- * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
- * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
- */
-package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.previews
-
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.preview.HtmlCharsetParser
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.preview.MetaTag
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.preview.MetaTagsParser
-import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
-import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
-import okio.BufferedSource
-import okio.ByteString.Companion.decodeHex
-import okio.Options
-import java.nio.charset.Charset
-
-class HtmlParser {
-    companion object {
-        // taken from okhttp
-        private val UNICODE_BOMS =
-            Options.of(
-                // UTF-8
-                "efbbbf".decodeHex(),
-                // UTF-16BE
-                "feff".decodeHex(),
-                // UTF-16LE
-                "fffe".decodeHex(),
-                // UTF-32BE
-                "0000ffff".decodeHex(),
-                // UTF-32LE
-                "ffff0000".decodeHex(),
-            )
-    }
-
-    suspend fun parseHtml(
-        source: BufferedSource,
-        type: Charset?,
-    ): Sequence<MetaTag> =
-        parseHtml(
-            source.readByteArray(),
-            type ?: source.readBomAsCharset(),
-        )
-
-    suspend fun parseHtml(
-        bodyBytes: ByteArray,
-        type: Charset?,
-    ): Sequence<MetaTag> =
-        withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
-            // sniff charset from Content-Type header or BOM
-            if (type != null) {
-                val content = bodyBytes.toString(type)
-                return@withContext MetaTagsParser.parse(content)
-            }
-
-            // if sniffing was failed, detect charset from content
-            val charset = HtmlCharsetParser.detectCharset(bodyBytes)
-            val content = bodyBytes.toString(charset)
-            return@withContext MetaTagsParser.parse(content)
-        }
-
-    private fun BufferedSource.readBomAsCharset(): Charset? =
-        when (select(UNICODE_BOMS)) {
-            0 -> Charsets.UTF_8
-            1 -> Charsets.UTF_16BE
-            2 -> Charsets.UTF_16LE
-            3 -> Charsets.UTF_32BE
-            4 -> Charsets.UTF_32LE
-            -1 -> null
-            else -> throw AssertionError()
-        }
-}
diff --git a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/broadcast/BroadcastBanner.kt b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/broadcast/BroadcastBanner.kt
index 26ee588d3c..2fab6dfd26 100644
--- a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/broadcast/BroadcastBanner.kt
+++ b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/broadcast/BroadcastBanner.kt
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.R
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.defaults.Constants
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.icons.symbols.Icon
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.icons.symbols.MaterialSymbols
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.broadcast.BroadcastEvent
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.broadcast.BroadcastStatus
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.broadcast.RelayResult
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.service.broadcast.BroadcastEvent
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.service.broadcast.BroadcastStatus
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.service.broadcast.RelayResult
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.ui.stringRes
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.ui.theme.ThemeComparisonColumn
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.Event
diff --git a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/broadcast/BroadcastDetailsSheet.kt b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/broadcast/BroadcastDetailsSheet.kt
index a7cef85c45..2c9a3afbe5 100644
--- a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/broadcast/BroadcastDetailsSheet.kt
+++ b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/broadcast/BroadcastDetailsSheet.kt
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.R
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.defaults.Constants
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.icons.symbols.Icon
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.icons.symbols.MaterialSymbols
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.broadcast.BroadcastEvent
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.broadcast.BroadcastStatus
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.broadcast.RelayResult
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.service.broadcast.BroadcastEvent
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.service.broadcast.BroadcastStatus
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.service.broadcast.RelayResult
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.ui.stringRes
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.ui.theme.ThemeComparisonRow
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.relay.normalizer.NormalizedRelayUrl
diff --git a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/broadcast/DisplayBroadcastProgress.kt b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/broadcast/DisplayBroadcastProgress.kt
index 58d8ac4b60..2a6bb6c98d 100644
--- a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/broadcast/DisplayBroadcastProgress.kt
+++ b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/broadcast/DisplayBroadcastProgress.kt
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
 import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
 import androidx.compose.ui.unit.dp
 import androidx.lifecycle.compose.collectAsStateWithLifecycle
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.service.broadcast.BroadcastEvent
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.model.BooleanType
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.broadcast.BroadcastEvent
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.ui.screen.loggedIn.AccountViewModel
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.relay.normalizer.NormalizedRelayUrl
 import kotlinx.collections.immutable.ImmutableList
diff --git a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/AccountViewModel.kt b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/AccountViewModel.kt
index 4bbe6869ee..956d8e8f97 100644
--- a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/AccountViewModel.kt
+++ b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/AccountViewModel.kt
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.model.nip53LiveActivities.LiveActiviti
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.model.nip60Cashu.CashuToken
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.model.observables.CreatedAtComparator
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.nipACWebRtcCalls.CallManager
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.service.broadcast.BroadcastTracker
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.tor.TorType
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.ui.feeds.FeedState
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.ui.notifications.CardFeedState
@@ -63,7 +64,6 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.model.privacyOptions.IRoleBasedHttpClientBuild
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.model.privacyOptions.RoleBasedHttpClientBuilder
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.OnlineChecker
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.ZapPaymentHandler
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.broadcast.BroadcastTracker
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.cashu.melt.MeltProcessor
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.checkNotInMainThread
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.lnurl.LightningAddressResolver
diff --git a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/chats/rooms/dal/ChatroomListKnownFeedFilter.kt b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/chats/rooms/dal/ChatroomListKnownFeedFilter.kt
index c11283c657..eeabb81cc3 100644
--- a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/chats/rooms/dal/ChatroomListKnownFeedFilter.kt
+++ b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/chats/rooms/dal/ChatroomListKnownFeedFilter.kt
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
  */
 package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.ui.screen.loggedIn.chats.rooms.dal
 
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.util.replace
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.model.Account
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.model.LocalCache
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.model.Note
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.replace
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.ui.dal.AdditiveFeedFilter
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.ui.dal.DefaultFeedOrder
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.experimental.ephemChat.chat.EphemeralChatEvent
diff --git a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/chats/rooms/dal/ChatroomListNewFeedFilter.kt b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/chats/rooms/dal/ChatroomListNewFeedFilter.kt
index 9f859dd14b..7cf22d65e9 100644
--- a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/chats/rooms/dal/ChatroomListNewFeedFilter.kt
+++ b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/chats/rooms/dal/ChatroomListNewFeedFilter.kt
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@
  */
 package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.ui.screen.loggedIn.chats.rooms.dal
 
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.util.replace
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.model.Account
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.model.Note
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.replace
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.ui.dal.AdditiveFeedFilter
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.ui.dal.DefaultFeedOrder
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip17Dm.base.ChatroomKey
diff --git a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/relays/common/BasicRelaySetupInfoModel.kt b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/relays/common/BasicRelaySetupInfoModel.kt
index 6b3bd54272..0b51be87c9 100644
--- a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/relays/common/BasicRelaySetupInfoModel.kt
+++ b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/relays/common/BasicRelaySetupInfoModel.kt
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.ui.screen.loggedIn.relays.common
 import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel
 import androidx.lifecycle.viewModelScope
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.Amethyst
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.util.replace
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.model.Account
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.replace
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.ui.screen.loggedIn.AccountViewModel
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.relay.client.accessories.count
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.relay.normalizer.NormalizedRelayUrl
diff --git a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/relays/nip65/Nip65RelayListViewModel.kt b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/relays/nip65/Nip65RelayListViewModel.kt
index 4534896968..05b76dbaf2 100644
--- a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/relays/nip65/Nip65RelayListViewModel.kt
+++ b/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/ui/screen/loggedIn/relays/nip65/Nip65RelayListViewModel.kt
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel
 import androidx.lifecycle.viewModelScope
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.Amethyst
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.R
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.util.replace
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.model.Account
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.replace
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.ui.screen.loggedIn.AccountViewModel
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.ui.screen.loggedIn.relays.common.BasicRelaySetupInfo
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.ui.screen.loggedIn.relays.common.RelayCountResult
diff --git a/amethyst/src/play/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/notifications/PushNotificationUtils.kt b/amethyst/src/play/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/notifications/PushNotificationUtils.kt
index 8216ca889c..fb355c45cf 100644
--- a/amethyst/src/play/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/notifications/PushNotificationUtils.kt
+++ b/amethyst/src/play/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/notifications/PushNotificationUtils.kt
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.notifications
 
 import com.google.firebase.messaging.FirebaseMessaging
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.AccountInfo
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.retryIfException
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.util.retryIfException
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.utils.Log
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
 import kotlinx.coroutines.tasks.await
diff --git a/commons/build.gradle.kts b/commons/build.gradle.kts
index cb8d7dc1a8..942cbd65e4 100644
--- a/commons/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/commons/build.gradle.kts
@@ -114,6 +114,12 @@ kotlin {
                     // coil-ktor when the iOS Compose UI ships.
                     implementation(libs.coil.okhttp)
 
+                    // OkHttp (+ coroutines bridge) for the link-preview fetcher
+                    // (service/preview/UrlPreview). JVM-only; iOS will swap to
+                    // Ktor when its UI ships.
+                    implementation(libs.okhttp)
+                    implementation(libs.okhttpCoroutines)
+
                     // Markdown rendering (richtext-commonmark). The single
                     // consumer (RenderMarkdown.kt) already lives in jvmAndroid.
                     // iOS support pending Phase 3 markdown decision.
diff --git a/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/CharsetDecoder.kt b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/CharsetDecoder.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..82b0140470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/CharsetDecoder.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Vitor Pamplona
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
+ * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.preview
+
+/**
+ * Decodes [bytes] into a String using the charset named [charsetName].
+ *
+ * [charsetName] is an IANA charset name (e.g. "UTF-8", "ISO-8859-1",
+ * "windows-1252"). When it is null or cannot be resolved on the current
+ * platform, the implementation falls back to UTF-8.
+ *
+ * The decode is the only platform-specific step of link-preview HTML parsing:
+ * the JVM actual delegates to `java.nio.charset`, which supports every charset
+ * the JRE ships; the iOS actual maps the common web charsets to
+ * `NSStringEncoding` and falls back to UTF-8 for anything exotic.
+ */
+expect fun decodeBytes(
+    bytes: ByteArray,
+    charsetName: String?,
+): String
diff --git a/commons/src/jvmAndroid/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/HtmlCharsetParser.kt b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/HtmlCharsetParser.kt
similarity index 80%
rename from commons/src/jvmAndroid/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/HtmlCharsetParser.kt
rename to commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/HtmlCharsetParser.kt
index e497d7da40..670808ea62 100644
--- a/commons/src/jvmAndroid/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/HtmlCharsetParser.kt
+++ b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/HtmlCharsetParser.kt
@@ -20,37 +20,37 @@
  */
 package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.preview
 
-import java.nio.charset.Charset
-
 object HtmlCharsetParser {
     val ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_CHARSET = "charset"
     val ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_HTTP_EQUIV = "http-equiv"
     val CONTENT = "content"
 
+    private const val DEFAULT_CHARSET = "UTF-8"
+
     private val RE_CONTENT_TYPE_CHARSET = Regex("""charset=([^;]+)""")
 
-    fun detectCharset(bodyBytes: ByteArray): Charset {
+    /**
+     * Sniffs the charset declared in the document's `<meta>` tags, returning its
+     * IANA name. Returns [DEFAULT_CHARSET] when no usable declaration is found.
+     */
+    fun detectCharset(bodyBytes: ByteArray): String {
         // try to detect charset from meta tags parsed from first 1024 bytes of body
-        val firstPart = String(bodyBytes, 0, 1024, Charset.forName("utf-8"))
+        val firstPart = bodyBytes.decodeToString(0, minOf(1024, bodyBytes.size))
         val metaTags = MetaTagsParser.parse(firstPart)
         metaTags.forEach { meta ->
             val charsetAttr = meta.attr(ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_CHARSET)
             if (charsetAttr.isNotEmpty()) {
-                runCatching { Charset.forName(charsetAttr) }.getOrNull()?.let {
-                    return it
-                }
+                return charsetAttr
             }
             if (meta.attr(ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_HTTP_EQUIV).lowercase() == "content-type") {
                 RE_CONTENT_TYPE_CHARSET
                     .find(meta.attr(CONTENT))
                     ?.let {
-                        runCatching { Charset.forName(it.groupValues[1]) }.getOrNull()
-                    }?.let {
-                        return it
+                        return it.groupValues[1]
                     }
             }
         }
         // defaults to UTF-8
-        return Charset.forName("utf-8")
+        return DEFAULT_CHARSET
     }
 }
diff --git a/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/HtmlParser.kt b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/HtmlParser.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..823862bf31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/HtmlParser.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Vitor Pamplona
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
+ * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.preview
+
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
+
+class HtmlParser {
+    companion object {
+        // Byte-order marks mapped to their IANA charset names, longest first so
+        // a 4-byte BOM is matched before a 2-byte one. (Patterns taken from okhttp.)
+        private val UNICODE_BOMS =
+            listOf(
+                byteArrayOf(0x00, 0x00, 0xFF.toByte(), 0xFF.toByte()) to "UTF-32BE",
+                byteArrayOf(0xFF.toByte(), 0xFF.toByte(), 0x00, 0x00) to "UTF-32LE",
+                byteArrayOf(0xEF.toByte(), 0xBB.toByte(), 0xBF.toByte()) to "UTF-8",
+                byteArrayOf(0xFE.toByte(), 0xFF.toByte()) to "UTF-16BE",
+                byteArrayOf(0xFF.toByte(), 0xFE.toByte()) to "UTF-16LE",
+            )
+    }
+
+    suspend fun parseHtml(
+        bodyBytes: ByteArray,
+        charsetName: String?,
+    ): Sequence<MetaTag> =
+        withContext(Dispatchers.Default) {
+            // Precedence: explicit charset (e.g. from Content-Type) > BOM >
+            // charset sniffed from <meta> tags (defaults to UTF-8).
+            val name =
+                charsetName
+                    ?: bodyBytes.bomCharsetName()
+                    ?: HtmlCharsetParser.detectCharset(bodyBytes)
+            val content = decodeBytes(bodyBytes, name)
+            MetaTagsParser.parse(content)
+        }
+
+    private fun ByteArray.bomCharsetName(): String? {
+        for ((bom, name) in UNICODE_BOMS) {
+            if (startsWith(bom)) return name
+        }
+        return null
+    }
+
+    private fun ByteArray.startsWith(prefix: ByteArray): Boolean {
+        if (size < prefix.size) return false
+        for (i in prefix.indices) {
+            if (this[i] != prefix[i]) return false
+        }
+        return true
+    }
+}
diff --git a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/broadcast/BroadcastModels.kt b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/service/broadcast/BroadcastModels.kt
similarity index 96%
rename from amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/broadcast/BroadcastModels.kt
rename to commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/service/broadcast/BroadcastModels.kt
index 1424ded754..6dd5807f7f 100644
--- a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/broadcast/BroadcastModels.kt
+++ b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/service/broadcast/BroadcastModels.kt
@@ -18,11 +18,12 @@
  * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
  * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
  */
-package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.broadcast
+package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.service.broadcast
 
 import androidx.compose.runtime.Immutable
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.Event
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.relay.normalizer.NormalizedRelayUrl
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.utils.TimeUtils
 
 /**
  * Result of a relay's response to an event publish.
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ data class BroadcastEvent(
     val id: String,
     val event: Event,
     val targetRelays: List<NormalizedRelayUrl>,
-    val startedAt: Long = System.currentTimeMillis(),
+    val startedAt: Long = TimeUtils.now(),
     val results: Map<NormalizedRelayUrl, RelayResult> = emptyMap(),
     val status: BroadcastStatus = BroadcastStatus.IN_PROGRESS,
 ) {
diff --git a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/broadcast/BroadcastTracker.kt b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/service/broadcast/BroadcastTracker.kt
similarity index 98%
rename from amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/broadcast/BroadcastTracker.kt
rename to commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/service/broadcast/BroadcastTracker.kt
index bfede508e2..e9f8166cc6 100644
--- a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/broadcast/BroadcastTracker.kt
+++ b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/service/broadcast/BroadcastTracker.kt
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
  * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
  */
-package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.broadcast
+package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.service.broadcast
 
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.Event
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.relay.client.INostrClient
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.relay.commands.toClient.Message
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.relay.commands.toClient.OkMessage
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.relay.normalizer.NormalizedRelayUrl
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.utils.Log
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.utils.RandomInstance
 import kotlinx.collections.immutable.ImmutableList
 import kotlinx.collections.immutable.persistentListOf
 import kotlinx.collections.immutable.toImmutableList
@@ -41,7 +42,6 @@ import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.StateFlow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asStateFlow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.update
 import kotlinx.coroutines.withTimeoutOrNull
-import java.util.UUID
 
 /**
  * Tracks event broadcasts to relays with live progress updates.
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class BroadcastTracker {
         relays: Set<NormalizedRelayUrl>,
         client: INostrClient,
     ) {
-        val trackingId = UUID.randomUUID().toString()
+        val trackingId = RandomInstance.randomChars(16)
 
         val broadcast =
             BroadcastEvent(
diff --git a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/CoroutinesExt.kt b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/util/CoroutinesUtils.kt
similarity index 97%
rename from amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/CoroutinesExt.kt
rename to commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/util/CoroutinesUtils.kt
index 2d5bfaf9d9..9462a3b696 100644
--- a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/CoroutinesExt.kt
+++ b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/util/CoroutinesUtils.kt
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
  * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
  */
-package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service
+package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.util
 
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.utils.Log
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CancellationException
diff --git a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/SetExt.kt b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/util/SetUtils.kt
similarity index 96%
rename from amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/SetExt.kt
rename to commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/util/SetUtils.kt
index 48f52e791d..7f46393d6e 100644
--- a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/SetExt.kt
+++ b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/util/SetUtils.kt
@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@
  * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
  * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
  */
-package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service
+package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.util
 
 fun <T> Set<T>.togglePresenceInSet(item: T): Set<T> = if (contains(item)) minus(item) else plus(item)
diff --git a/commons/src/iosMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/CharsetDecoder.kt b/commons/src/iosMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/CharsetDecoder.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf70fa5533
--- /dev/null
+++ b/commons/src/iosMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/CharsetDecoder.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Vitor Pamplona
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
+ * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.preview
+
+import kotlinx.cinterop.ExperimentalForeignApi
+import kotlinx.cinterop.addressOf
+import kotlinx.cinterop.usePinned
+import platform.Foundation.NSASCIIStringEncoding
+import platform.Foundation.NSData
+import platform.Foundation.NSISOLatin1StringEncoding
+import platform.Foundation.NSString
+import platform.Foundation.NSStringEncoding
+import platform.Foundation.NSUTF16BigEndianStringEncoding
+import platform.Foundation.NSUTF16LittleEndianStringEncoding
+import platform.Foundation.NSUTF32BigEndianStringEncoding
+import platform.Foundation.NSUTF32LittleEndianStringEncoding
+import platform.Foundation.NSUTF8StringEncoding
+import platform.Foundation.NSWindowsCP1252StringEncoding
+import platform.Foundation.create
+
+/**
+ * iOS decode of HTML bytes by charset name. The common web charsets are mapped
+ * to their `NSStringEncoding`; anything else falls back to UTF-8 (matching the
+ * "defaults to UTF-8" behaviour of the charset sniffer).
+ */
+@OptIn(ExperimentalForeignApi::class)
+actual fun decodeBytes(
+    bytes: ByteArray,
+    charsetName: String?,
+): String {
+    if (bytes.isEmpty()) return ""
+
+    val encoding = encodingFor(charsetName)
+
+    val data =
+        bytes.usePinned { pinned ->
+            NSData.create(bytes = pinned.addressOf(0), length = bytes.size.toULong())
+        }
+
+    return (NSString.create(data, encoding) as String?)
+        ?: bytes.decodeToString()
+}
+
+private fun encodingFor(charsetName: String?): NSStringEncoding =
+    when (charsetName?.trim()?.uppercase()) {
+        "UTF-16", "UTF-16BE", "UTF16" -> NSUTF16BigEndianStringEncoding
+        "UTF-16LE" -> NSUTF16LittleEndianStringEncoding
+        "UTF-32", "UTF-32BE", "UTF32" -> NSUTF32BigEndianStringEncoding
+        "UTF-32LE" -> NSUTF32LittleEndianStringEncoding
+        "ISO-8859-1", "ISO8859-1", "ISO_8859-1", "LATIN1", "L1", "CP819" -> NSISOLatin1StringEncoding
+        "WINDOWS-1252", "CP1252" -> NSWindowsCP1252StringEncoding
+        "US-ASCII", "ASCII", "ANSI_X3.4-1968" -> NSASCIIStringEncoding
+        else -> NSUTF8StringEncoding
+    }
diff --git a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/IterableExt.kt b/commons/src/jvmAndroid/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/CharsetDecoder.kt
similarity index 76%
rename from amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/IterableExt.kt
rename to commons/src/jvmAndroid/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/CharsetDecoder.kt
index 7df5fa41e2..7af77373ae 100644
--- a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/IterableExt.kt
+++ b/commons/src/jvmAndroid/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/CharsetDecoder.kt
@@ -18,9 +18,17 @@
  * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
  * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
  */
-package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service
+package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.preview
 
-fun <T> Iterable<T>.replace(
-    old: T,
-    new: T,
-): List<T> = map { if (it == old) new else it }
+import java.nio.charset.Charset
+
+actual fun decodeBytes(
+    bytes: ByteArray,
+    charsetName: String?,
+): String {
+    val charset =
+        charsetName
+            ?.let { runCatching { Charset.forName(it) }.getOrNull() }
+            ?: Charsets.UTF_8
+    return bytes.toString(charset)
+}
diff --git a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/previews/UrlPreview.kt b/commons/src/jvmAndroid/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/UrlPreview.kt
similarity index 94%
rename from amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/previews/UrlPreview.kt
rename to commons/src/jvmAndroid/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/UrlPreview.kt
index f339cf8792..63f2d00d83 100644
--- a/amethyst/src/main/java/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/service/previews/UrlPreview.kt
+++ b/commons/src/jvmAndroid/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/preview/UrlPreview.kt
@@ -18,10 +18,8 @@
  * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
  * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
  */
-package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.service.previews
+package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.preview
 
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.preview.OpenGraphParser
-import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.preview.UrlInfoItem
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CancellationException
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
 import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
@@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ class UrlPreview {
                                 ?: throw IllegalArgumentException("Website returned unknown mimetype: ${response.headers["Content-Type"]}")
                         when {
                             mimeType.type == "text" && mimeType.subtype == "html" -> {
-                                val metaTags = HtmlParser().parseHtml(response.body.source(), mimeType.charset())
+                                val metaTags = HtmlParser().parseHtml(response.body.bytes(), mimeType.charset()?.name())
                                 val data = OpenGraphParser().extractUrlInfo(metaTags)
                                 UrlInfoItem(url, data.title, data.description, data.image, mimeType.toString())
                             }