diff --git a/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/Context.kt b/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/Context.kt
index 00aa30c9ad..e43419f20d 100644
--- a/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/Context.kt
+++ b/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/Context.kt
@@ -221,7 +221,11 @@ class Context(
                 secret = b.connectSecret,
                 // Bunker requires web authorization: surface the URL; the request keeps waiting.
                 onAuthUrl = { url -> System.err.println("[nip46] authorize this request in a browser, then it will continue:\n  $url") },
-            )
+            ).also {
+                // signer.pubKey must be the USER identity, not the ephemeral transport key, so
+                // self-encryption/decryption (Concord list, private NIP-51 lists) uses the right peer.
+                it.bindUserPubkey(identity.pubKeyHex)
+            }
         } ?: NostrSignerInternal(identity.keyPair())
 
     /**
diff --git a/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/ConcordChannelCommands.kt b/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/ConcordChannelCommands.kt
index 7c0577670b..3769ef8ba3 100644
--- a/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/ConcordChannelCommands.kt
+++ b/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/ConcordChannelCommands.kt
@@ -94,18 +94,37 @@ object ConcordChannelCommands {
         val limit = args.intFlag("limit", 50)
         val sc = ConcordStore(dataDir.concordFile).find(handle) ?: return ConcordCommands.notFound(handle)
 
+        // Diagnostic overrides (concord-epoch-walking-backfill): read a PRIOR epoch's Chat Plane by
+        // supplying that epoch's community_root. A Refounding (CORD-06 §3) rotates the root and bumps
+        // the epoch, so pre-refounding messages live under a different derived stream key that the
+        // normal read (current epoch only) never fetches. Both derive from the same channel id, which
+        // is epoch-invariant, so channel resolution stays on the current epoch below.
+        val epoch = args.longFlag("epoch", sc.rootEpoch)
+        // Resolve the root for that epoch: explicit --root wins; else the current root if --epoch is
+        // the current epoch; else a stored heldRoot for that epoch (populated by `amy concord import`).
+        val rootHex =
+            args.flag("root")
+                ?: sc.root.takeIf { epoch == sc.rootEpoch }
+                ?: sc.heldRoots.firstOrNull { it.epoch == epoch }?.root
+                ?: return Output
+                    .error("not_found", "no root known for epoch $epoch — pass --root <hex> or run `amy concord import` to load heldRoots")
+                    .let { 1 }
+        if (!HEX64.matches(rootHex)) return Output.error("bad_args", "--root must be a 64-char hex community_root").let { 2 }
+
         Context.open(dataDir).use { ctx ->
             ctx.prepare()
             val channelId = resolve(ctx, sc, channelRef) ?: return Output.error("not_found", "no channel '$channelRef'")
-            val channel = ConcordActions.publicChannel(sc.root.hexToByteArray(), channelId.hexToByteArray(), sc.rootEpoch)
+            val channel = ConcordActions.publicChannel(rootHex.hexToByteArray(), channelId.hexToByteArray(), epoch)
             val relays = ConcordCommands.relaysFor(ctx, sc)
             // The channel plane is NIP-42-gated to its own derived stream key; register it so the drain authenticates.
             ctx.registerConcordStreamKeys(relays, listOf(channel.secretKey))
             val wraps = ctx.drain(relays.associateWith { listOf(ConcordActions.planeFilter(channel.publicKeyHex)) }, pendingOnAuthRequired = true).map { it.second }
-            val msgs = ConcordActions.channelMessages(wraps, channel, channelId, sc.rootEpoch).takeLast(limit)
+            val msgs = ConcordActions.channelMessages(wraps, channel, channelId, epoch).takeLast(limit)
             Output.emit(
                 mapOf(
                     "channel" to channelId,
+                    "epoch" to epoch,
+                    "plane" to channel.publicKeyHex,
                     "count" to msgs.size,
                     "messages" to msgs.map { mapOf("id" to it.id, "author" to it.author, "content" to it.content, "created_at" to it.createdAt) },
                 ),
diff --git a/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/ConcordCommands.kt b/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/ConcordCommands.kt
index ce377b5992..e0a145c1bf 100644
--- a/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/ConcordCommands.kt
+++ b/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/ConcordCommands.kt
@@ -26,8 +26,11 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.cli.DataDir
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.cli.Output
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.cli.stores.ConcordStore
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.cli.stores.StoredCommunity
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.cli.stores.StoredHeldRoot
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.actions.ConcordActions
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ConcordCommunityListEvent
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.toHexKey
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.relay.filters.Filter
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.relay.normalizer.NormalizedRelayUrl
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.relay.normalizer.RelayUrlNormalizer
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.utils.TimeUtils
@@ -45,10 +48,11 @@ object ConcordCommands {
         route(
             "concord",
             tail,
-            "concord <create|list|channels|send|read|invite|join|roles|role|grant|ban|unban>",
+            "concord <create|list|import|channels|send|read|invite|join|roles|role|grant|ban|unban>",
             mapOf(
                 "create" to { rest -> create(dataDir, rest) },
                 "list" to { rest -> list(dataDir, rest) },
+                "import" to { rest -> import(dataDir, rest) },
                 "channels" to { rest -> ConcordChannelCommands.channels(dataDir, rest) },
                 "send" to { rest -> ConcordChannelCommands.send(dataDir, rest) },
                 "read" to { rest -> ConcordChannelCommands.read(dataDir, rest) },
@@ -117,6 +121,62 @@ object ConcordCommands {
         return 0
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Fetch this account's own encrypted kind-13302 Concord community list, decrypt it, and
+     * upsert every community into the local store — crucially carrying each community's
+     * `heldRoots` (the prior-epoch access roots Amethyst accumulates across Refoundings, CORD-06).
+     * With those persisted, `amy concord read --epoch <n>` can re-derive a pre-refounding Chat
+     * Plane. A fresh account (never lived through a Refounding) simply has empty `heldRoots`.
+     */
+    private suspend fun import(
+        dataDir: DataDir,
+        @Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER") rest: Array<String>,
+    ): Int {
+        Context.open(dataDir).use { ctx ->
+            ctx.prepare()
+            val relays = (ctx.outboxRelays() + ctx.bootstrapRelays())
+            val filter = Filter(kinds = listOf(ConcordCommunityListEvent.KIND), authors = listOf(ctx.signer.pubKey))
+            val events = ctx.drain(relays.associateWith { listOf(filter) }).map { it.second }
+            val newest =
+                events.filterIsInstance<ConcordCommunityListEvent>().maxByOrNull { it.createdAt }
+                    ?: return Output.error("not_found", "no kind-13302 Concord list published by this account").let { 1 }
+
+            val entries =
+                try {
+                    newest.decrypt(ctx.signer)
+                } catch (e: Exception) {
+                    return Output.error("decrypt_failed", "could not decrypt kind-13302: ${e.message}").let { 1 }
+                }
+            val store = ConcordStore(dataDir.concordFile)
+            val existing = store.load().associateBy { it.communityId }
+            val imported =
+                entries.map { e ->
+                    val prior = existing[e.id]
+                    store.upsert(
+                        StoredCommunity(
+                            name = e.name.ifBlank { prior?.name ?: "" },
+                            communityId = e.id,
+                            owner = e.owner,
+                            ownerSalt = e.ownerSalt,
+                            root = e.root,
+                            rootEpoch = e.rootEpoch,
+                            generalChannelId = prior?.generalChannelId ?: "",
+                            relays = e.relays,
+                            heldRoots = e.heldRoots.map { StoredHeldRoot(it.epoch, it.key) },
+                        ),
+                    )
+                    mapOf(
+                        "name" to e.name,
+                        "community_id" to e.id,
+                        "root_epoch" to e.rootEpoch,
+                        "held_roots" to e.heldRoots.map { mapOf("epoch" to it.epoch, "root" to it.key) },
+                    )
+                }
+            Output.emit(mapOf("imported" to imported))
+            return 0
+        }
+    }
+
     private suspend fun invite(
         dataDir: DataDir,
         rest: Array<String>,
diff --git a/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/LoginCommand.kt b/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/LoginCommand.kt
index 7e2f3bce1b..27bc1d274c 100644
--- a/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/LoginCommand.kt
+++ b/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/LoginCommand.kt
@@ -21,13 +21,17 @@
 package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.cli.commands
 
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.cli.Args
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.cli.Context
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.cli.DataDir
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.cli.Identity
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.cli.Output
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.hexToByteArray
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip05DnsIdentifiers.Nip05Client
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip05DnsIdentifiers.OkHttpNip05Fetcher
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip05DnsIdentifiers.resolveUserHexOrNull
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip06KeyDerivation.Nip06
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip19Bech32.toNpub
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip46RemoteSigner.signer.NostrSignerRemote
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip49PrivKeyEnc.Nip49
 import okhttp3.OkHttpClient
 
@@ -73,19 +77,53 @@ object LoginCommand {
                 )
 
         dataDir.saveIdentity(identity)
+
+        // For a bunker, the pubkey in the URI is the REMOTE SIGNER's key, which for many signer apps
+        // (Amber, nsec.app) is a per-connection key distinct from the user's identity key. Resolve the
+        // real identity via the NIP-46 get_public_key RPC and persist THAT (the bunker's remote key is
+        // kept in Identity.bunker for transport addressing). Best-effort: if the bunker can't answer,
+        // fall back to the URI pubkey so login still succeeds.
+        val account = if (identity.bunker != null) resolveBunkerIdentity(dataDir, identity) else identity
+
         Output.emit(
             mapOf(
-                "npub" to identity.npub,
-                "hex" to identity.pubKeyHex,
-                "read_only" to !identity.canSign,
-                "signer" to if (identity.bunker != null) "bunker" else "local",
-                "bunker_relays" to identity.bunker?.relays,
+                "npub" to account.npub,
+                "hex" to account.pubKeyHex,
+                "read_only" to !account.canSign,
+                "signer" to if (account.bunker != null) "bunker" else "local",
+                "bunker_relays" to account.bunker?.relays,
                 "data_dir" to dataDir.root.absolutePath,
             ),
         )
         return 0
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Connect the freshly-saved bunker and ask it (NIP-46 `get_public_key`) for the user's real
+     * identity pubkey, re-persisting the [Identity] when it differs from the bunker's transport key.
+     * Returns the corrected identity, or [provisional] unchanged if the RPC fails.
+     */
+    private suspend fun resolveBunkerIdentity(
+        dataDir: DataDir,
+        provisional: Identity,
+    ): Identity =
+        try {
+            Context.open(dataDir).use { ctx ->
+                ctx.prepare()
+                val real = (ctx.signer as NostrSignerRemote).getPublicKey().lowercase()
+                if (real == provisional.pubKeyHex.lowercase()) {
+                    provisional
+                } else {
+                    val corrected = provisional.copy(pubKeyHex = real, npub = real.hexToByteArray().toNpub())
+                    dataDir.saveIdentity(corrected)
+                    corrected
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            System.err.println("[nip46] could not resolve identity via get_public_key (${e.message}); using the bunker URI pubkey")
+            provisional
+        }
+
     private suspend fun resolveIdentity(
         key: String,
         args: Args,
diff --git a/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/stores/ConcordStore.kt b/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/stores/ConcordStore.kt
index 95cfb90f22..379dc44b83 100644
--- a/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/stores/ConcordStore.kt
+++ b/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/stores/ConcordStore.kt
@@ -39,6 +39,15 @@ data class StoredCommunity(
     val rootEpoch: Long = 0,
     val generalChannelId: String = "",
     val relays: List<String> = emptyList(),
+    // Past access roots kept per epoch (CORD-06 Refounding rotates the root). Lets `read --epoch <n>`
+    // re-derive a prior epoch's Chat Plane to reach pre-refounding history. Populated by `import`.
+    val heldRoots: List<StoredHeldRoot> = emptyList(),
+)
+
+/** A past community_root for a specific epoch, mirroring quartz `HeldRoot`. */
+data class StoredHeldRoot(
+    val epoch: Long = 0,
+    val root: String = "",
 )
 
 /**
diff --git a/commons/plans/2026-07-17-concord-epoch-walking-backfill.md b/commons/plans/2026-07-17-concord-epoch-walking-backfill.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec18d79865
--- /dev/null
+++ b/commons/plans/2026-07-17-concord-epoch-walking-backfill.md
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+# Concord epoch-walking message backfill
+
+**Date:** 2026-07-17
+**Module:** `commons` (drivers), with `quartz` primitives (present) + `amethyst` wiring
+**Status:** design / not started
+
+## Problem
+
+A Concord community that has been **refounded** (CORD-06 §3 — hard removal
+rotates `community_root` and bumps the epoch) loses all of its pre-refounding
+chat history from the client's view. Every channel message is encrypted under a
+plane stream key derived from the *root at the epoch it was authored under*
+(`publicChannel(community_root, channel_id, rootEpoch)`), and the message carries
+an `["epoch", n]` tag so cross-epoch replay is rejected
+(`ChannelChat.isBoundTo`). The client only ever derives, subscribes to, AUTHs
+as, and decrypts the plane at the **single current** `entry.rootEpoch`. So after
+a refounding the feed shows only messages authored since that refounding, then
+reports **"All caught up"** — which is literally correct *for the current
+epoch*, while months of history sit on the same relays under the previous
+epochs' stream keys, unfetched.
+
+### Reproduced live (2026-07-17, `amy` vs the real Soapbox Community)
+
+Joined the Armada invite and probed `relay.ditto.pub` + `relay.dreamith.to`:
+
+| Fact | Value |
+|---|---|
+| `rootEpoch` (from invite bundle) | **2** — refounded ≥ once |
+| nostrhub @ epoch 2 | 2 messages, both authored **2026-07-17** |
+| general @ epoch 2 | 62 messages, **oldest 2026-07-16** |
+| ditto @ epoch 2 | 4 messages, **oldest 2026-07-16** |
+| agora @ epoch 2 | 3 messages, **oldest 2026-07-16** |
+
+Every channel's history begins on 2026-07-16 (the refounding date). The app's
+"only 2 messages in nostrhub" reproduces exactly through the CLI. Not a relay,
+AUTH, or paging-cap issue — a structural epoch gap.
+
+## Key finding: prior roots are already retained but never consumed
+
+The hard part — keeping the old keys — **is already done**:
+
+- `ConcordCommunityListEntry.heldRoots: List<HeldRoot(epoch, key)>`
+  (`quartz/.../cord02Community/ConcordCommunityList.kt:31,60`, wire field
+  `held_roots`). `HeldRoot`'s own KDoc: *"A past root key for a specific epoch,
+  kept so historical channel keys stay derivable."*
+- `Account.adoptConcordRoot` (`amethyst/.../model/Account.kt:2513`) appends the
+  outgoing `(rootEpoch, root)` to `heldRoots` on **every** rotation — both the
+  refounder path (`refoundConcordCommunity`) and the receive path
+  (`drainConcordRekeys` → `openBaseRekey`). It is persisted to the account's
+  Concord list event.
+
+But a repo-wide grep confirms **no code in the fetch / fold / subscribe path
+ever reads `heldRoots`.** `ConcordCommunitySession`, `ConcordSessionRegistry`,
+`ConcordSubscriptionPlanner`, and the amethyst filter assemblers all derive
+planes solely from `entry.rootEpoch` / `entry.root`. The retained roots are dead
+data. **This plan is almost entirely about consuming `heldRoots` on the read
+side** — the retention infrastructure the feature needs already exists.
+
+### Scope boundary — who this helps
+
+- **Members present across the refoundings** (have populated `heldRoots`): can
+  fully backfill. Primary target.
+- **Fresh joiners via an invite** (empty `heldRoots`; the invite bundle carries
+  only the current root): **cryptographically cannot** decrypt prior-epoch
+  history — they were never given those roots, and the relays gate each epoch's
+  kind-1059 behind AUTH-as-that-epoch's-stream-key. This is by design (a
+  refounding is meant to sever access) and is **out of scope**. We must not try
+  to work around it by stuffing old roots into invites — that would hand a
+  brand-new member the keys a removal was meant to deny. If cross-refounding
+  history for new joiners is ever wanted, it's a *protocol* change (Armada would
+  re-publish compacted history under the new root), tracked separately.
+
+## Design
+
+`ConcordCommunitySession` is documented as "a pure function of its entry" and is
+rebuilt wholesale on rotation (`ConcordSessionRegistry.sync` replaces it when
+`root`/`rootEpoch` changes). Two ways to add historical epochs:
+
+- **(A) Generalize the session to be multi-epoch** — derive a plane key set per
+  `(epoch, root)` in `{current} ∪ heldRoots`, index buffered wraps and decrypt
+  attempts across all of them.
+- **(B) Keep the current-epoch session as-is (live + write) and attach
+  read-only "historical epoch readers"** — one lightweight derivation set per
+  held root, contributing subscribe addresses + AUTH keys + decrypt attempts,
+  but never used for writing/moderation/rekey.
+
+**Recommend (B).** Writes, moderation, control-plane folding, rekey adoption,
+and Guestbook all must stay strictly on the current epoch — mixing historical
+roots into those paths risks authoring under a stale key or re-folding a
+superseded control plane. A read-only historical layer keeps the blast radius to
+message fetch/decrypt. The channel id is **epoch-invariant** (`ConcordChannelKeys`
+KDoc: "stays constant across visibility conversions and epoch rotations"), so a
+decrypted historical message lands in the *same* channel feed as current ones —
+no feed-merge logic needed; `LocalCache`/the gatherer keys on channel id.
+
+### New concept: `EpochPlaneSet`
+
+A small value type: for one `(epoch, root)`, derive the control-plane key and,
+given the current folded channel-id list, the per-channel `publicChannel` keys.
+The current epoch already computes this inline in `ConcordCommunitySession`;
+factor the derivation into a reusable helper so current + historical share it.
+
+> Channel *membership* comes from folding the **current** control plane (channels
+> aren't re-listed per epoch). We assume the channel-id set is stable across the
+> covered epochs (channels created after an old epoch simply have no messages
+> there → empty, harmless). Deleted/renamed channels: the id persists, so old
+> messages still decrypt. Private channels: use `entry.privateChannels`
+> (`PrivateChannelKey` already carries a per-`epoch` key) instead of the root.
+
+## Component-by-component changes
+
+### 1. `quartz` — none required (primitives already exist)
+`ConcordActions.publicChannel/controlPlane/channelRumors/channelMessages` and
+`ChannelChat.isBoundTo` already take an explicit `epoch`. Reuse verbatim.
+
+### 2. `commons/.../model/concord/ConcordCommunitySession.kt`
+- Build historical `EpochPlaneSet`s from `entry.heldRoots` (bounded — see
+  §Bounding) alongside the existing current-epoch derivation.
+- `channelAddresses()` → also emit each historical channel plane pubkey so the
+  planner subscribes to them.
+- `streamKeys()` → include historical control + channel `GroupKey`s so the
+  NIP-42 AUTH set authenticates as each prior epoch's stream key (this is what
+  unlocks the gated relays for old wraps). Keep the aux (Guestbook / next-rekey)
+  isolation rule intact.
+- `ingest(wrap)` → currently matches a wrap by its plane address against the
+  current-epoch address map. Extend the address→(channelId, key, **epoch**) map
+  to include historical entries; on match, decrypt with that epoch's key and
+  validate `isBoundTo(rumor, channelId, thatEpoch)`. Emit the rumor exactly as
+  today (same `onRumor` sink → same channel feed).
+- Historical wraps feed `observedAuthors` too — a nice side effect: the member
+  roster harvest gets the full-history posters for free.
+- Do **not** route historical wraps into `refold()` (control plane),
+  `refoldGuestbook()`, or rekey buffers — read path only.
+
+### 3. `commons/.../model/concord/ConcordSessionRegistry.kt`
+`subscribeAddresses()` already unions `session.channelAddresses()`; once the
+session emits historical addresses it flows through unchanged. Verify no other
+call site assumes one-address-per-channel.
+
+### 4. `commons/.../actions/ConcordSubscriptionPlanner.kt`
+`channelPlaneSubs()` derives `publicChannel(root, channelId, entry.rootEpoch)`.
+Generalize to emit a plane sub per `(channel, epoch)` across the covered epoch
+set, collapsed into the existing `{kinds:[1059,21059], authors:[…]}` batching in
+`relayBasedFilters()`. The historical subs can be one-shot (no live tail needed —
+old epochs are frozen), so consider a bounded `until`-less REQ that EOSEs rather
+than a standing subscription, to cap connection cost.
+
+### 5. `amethyst/.../concord/datasource/` filter assemblers
+- `ConcordChannelHistoryFilterAssembler` (`BackwardRelayPager`) — today pages one
+  plane pubkey (`session.channelPlaneAddress(channelId)`, current epoch). The
+  pager must **step to the previous epoch's plane pubkey when the current epoch
+  is exhausted** rather than declaring `PagingStatus.exhausted`. Options:
+  (a) page all epoch planes concurrently and only report exhausted when every
+  epoch's relays are done; (b) sequential — walk newest→oldest epoch. (a) is
+  simpler to reason about with the existing per-(uniqueId,relay) EOSE tracking;
+  (b) gives cleaner "load older" UX. Prefer (a).
+- `ConcordChannelFilterAssembler` (live tail) — historical planes need no live
+  tail; only the current epoch keeps a standing sub.
+- **"All caught up"** (`ConcordChannelScreen.kt:199` on `historyStatus.exhausted`)
+  becomes correct once exhaustion means "all covered epochs drained," not "the
+  current epoch drained."
+
+### 6. AUTH — register historical stream keys
+`ConcordSessionManager.streamAuthSecretsFor(relay)` derives from
+`session.streamKeys()`; once that includes historical keys, `AuthCoordinator`
+signs one kind-22242 per prior-epoch stream key and the gated relays serve the
+old wraps. Watch the `RelayAuthStatus` LruCache size (widened 10→200 for the
+current-epoch multi-identity work) — N epochs × M channels can exceed 200; size
+it to `epochs × (channels + 1)` with headroom.
+
+### 7. `cli` — diagnostics (`ConcordChannelCommands.read`) — **DONE**
+`StoredCommunity` has no `heldRoots`, and a fresh `amy concord join` can't obtain
+them — so amy can't self-serve a member's history. Landed:
+- `amy concord read <community> <channel> --epoch <n> --root <hex>` — derives the
+  Chat Plane at an explicitly supplied `(epoch, root)` and drains it (both flags
+  default to the stored current epoch/root; channel-id resolution stays on the
+  current epoch since ids are epoch-invariant). Output now also emits `epoch` and
+  the derived `plane` pubkey. Verified: explicit `--epoch 2 --root <current>`
+  reproduces the stored plane pubkey byte-for-byte; each epoch derives a distinct
+  plane; a non-hex `--root` errors `bad_args`/exit 2. Confirms old-epoch wraps can
+  be probed once a prior root is known.
+- **DONE:** `StoredCommunity.heldRoots` + `amy concord import` — fetches this
+  account's own encrypted kind-13302 `ConcordCommunityListEvent`, decrypts it
+  with the account signer, and upserts every community **including its
+  `heldRoots`** (the prior-epoch access roots Amethyst persists in that same
+  published event via `Account.adoptConcordRoot`). `read --epoch <n>` then
+  auto-resolves the root for that epoch from the stored `heldRoots` (explicit
+  `--root` still wins). So a member who lived through the Refoundings can:
+  `amy concord import` → `amy concord read <community> <channel> --epoch <n>`
+  and reach pre-refounding history without knowing the raw prior roots. A fresh
+  account simply imports empty `heldRoots` (nothing to recover — the expected
+  cryptographic wall). Import + decrypt are **read-only** (no publish).
+
+## Bounding (cost control)
+
+Each covered epoch multiplies the subscription/AUTH footprint by
+`(channels + 1)` stream keys. Bound it:
+- **Config:** `CONCORD_BACKFILL_EPOCHS` (default: all held — the list is small in
+  practice; refoundings are rare). If a community is refounded often, cap to the
+  N most recent held epochs.
+- **Time window:** the member-roster harvest already bounds to
+  `now − 90d` (`ConcordMemberHarvest`, `CONCORD_MEMBER_HARVEST_WINDOW_SECS`).
+  The *interactive* channel backfill should be user-driven (paged on scroll, no
+  `since` floor) so a member can reach the true beginning; the *background*
+  harvest keeps its window.
+- Historical planes are frozen → prefer one-shot EOSE REQs over standing subs to
+  avoid holding N× subscriptions open forever.
+
+## Testing
+
+- **quartz** — none new (primitives unchanged); existing epoch/`isBoundTo` tests
+  cover the binding.
+- **commons unit** (`ConcordCommunitySessionTest`, `ConcordSubscriptionPlannerTest`,
+  `ConcordSessionRegistryTest`):
+  - Build an entry with `heldRoots = [(epoch0,rootA),(epoch1,rootB)]`, current
+    epoch 2/rootC. Assert `channelAddresses()`/`streamKeys()`/planner subs emit
+    a plane per `(channel, epoch)` across all three.
+  - Feed the session wraps authored under each historical key; assert the rumor
+    is decrypted with the *matching* epoch key, `isBoundTo` passes, and it
+    reaches the `onRumor` sink; a wrap whose epoch tag ≠ its plane epoch is
+    dropped.
+  - Assert historical wraps do **not** enter `refold()`/control state.
+- **commons paging** (`BackwardRelayPagerTest`): a multi-epoch channel reports
+  `exhausted` only after every epoch's relays EOSE on an empty page.
+- **Live, via `amy`**: use the new `--epoch/--root` diag against Soapbox once a
+  prior Soapbox root is available (ask maintainer / capture from an account that
+  lived through the refounding) → confirm epoch-1 nostrhub wraps decrypt.
+
+## Risks / open questions
+
+1. **Fresh joiners still see nothing pre-refounding** — inherent, documented
+   above. UI could show a "History before <date> requires having been a member"
+   affordance instead of a bare "All caught up," so it doesn't read as a bug.
+2. **AUTH fan-out on gated relays** — N epochs × M channels AUTH events on one
+   connection. Current-epoch work already accumulates multiple identities on one
+   connection successfully; validate it scales (LruCache sizing, relay
+   per-connection AUTH limits). Fall back to bounding epochs if a relay balks.
+3. **`heldRoots` completeness** — only populated from the moment the account
+   started adopting rotations. A member who joined at epoch 2 has no epoch-0/1
+   roots even if present later; nothing to do — same cryptographic limit.
+4. **Private channels across epochs** — `PrivateChannelKey.epoch` exists, but
+   verify a private channel's key was actually re-delivered per epoch (rotated on
+   revocation); if a member missed an epoch's private key, that epoch of that
+   channel is unreadable (expected).
+5. **Standing-sub vs one-shot for history** — decide before wiring the planner;
+   affects connection budget on the audio-room-heavy relay set.
+
+## Suggested sequence
+
+1. Factor `EpochPlaneSet` derivation + make `ConcordCommunitySession` emit
+   historical addresses/keys/decrypt (commons unit-tested in isolation — no
+   network). Ship behind a flag defaulting off.
+2. Planner + AUTH wiring; commons tests.
+3. amethyst `BackwardRelayPager` epoch-stepping + "All caught up" semantics.
+4. ~~`amy --epoch/--root` diagnostic~~ **DONE** (§7); still need a real prior
+   Soapbox root to validate old-epoch decrypt end-to-end.
+5. Flip the flag on; on-device verify on a refounded community.
diff --git a/desktopApp/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/desktop/account/AccountManager.kt b/desktopApp/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/desktop/account/AccountManager.kt
index 068b5d1770..549847e8b0 100644
--- a/desktopApp/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/desktop/account/AccountManager.kt
+++ b/desktopApp/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/desktop/account/AccountManager.kt
@@ -346,6 +346,11 @@ class AccountManager internal constructor(
                 remoteSigner.getPublicKey()
             }
 
+        // Bind the identity so signer.pubKey is the USER key, not the ephemeral transport key —
+        // otherwise self-encryption (private NIP-51 lists, drafts, …) keys off the wrong pubkey.
+        // Idempotent with the getPublicKey() branch above, which already caches the same value.
+        remoteSigner.bindUserPubkey(pubKeyHex)
+
         val resolvedNpub = npub ?: pubKeyHex.hexToByteArray().toNpub()
 
         val state =
diff --git a/quartz/plans/2026-07-17-nip46-remote-signer-self-pubkey.md b/quartz/plans/2026-07-17-nip46-remote-signer-self-pubkey.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..155ef67186
--- /dev/null
+++ b/quartz/plans/2026-07-17-nip46-remote-signer-self-pubkey.md
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+# NIP-46 remote signer: `pubKey` must be the user identity, not the transport key
+
+**Date:** 2026-07-17
+**Module:** `quartz` (core fix) + `desktopApp` / `cli` (affected front ends)
+**Status:** design / not started
+**Severity:** correctness — private data invisible/corrupted for **bunker (NIP-46) accounts** on desktop + CLI. Android unaffected.
+
+## The bug
+
+`NostrSignerRemote` extends `NostrSigner(signer.pubKey)`
+(`quartz/.../nip46RemoteSigner/signer/NostrSignerRemote.kt:54-72`), where the
+constructor arg `signer: NostrSignerInternal` is the **ephemeral NIP-46
+transport keypair**. `NostrSigner.pubKey` is a plain `val` never reassigned. So
+for a bunker account:
+
+```
+NostrSignerRemote.pubKey  == transport key T   (ephemeral, per-connection)
+the user's real identity  == user key U        (only via get_public_key RPC)
+events the bunker signs    have pubKey == U
+```
+
+Every site that treats `signer.pubKey` as "myself" therefore uses **T instead of
+U**. Two failure modes:
+
+### Mode A — authorship guard short-circuits (unconditional failure)
+Sites that gate on `signer.pubKey == event.pubKey`. Event was signed by the
+bunker (`pubKey == U`), `signer.pubKey == T`, so the guard blocks decryption
+before any key math:
+- `nip51Lists/PrivateTagArrayEvent.kt:44-66` — `decrypt()` throws
+  `UnauthorizedDecryptionException`; `privateTags()` returns `null`.
+- `nip51Lists/PrivateReplaceableTagArrayEvent.kt:44-53` — same guard.
+- `nip37Drafts/DraftWrapEvent.kt:52` — `canDecrypt = signer.pubKey == pubKey`
+  → always false.
+
+Covers **all private NIP-51 lists** (private bookmarks, the private half of the
+mute list, private follows/people lists, private hashtag/geohash lists…) and
+**NIP-37 drafts**. Fails even for data Amethyst itself wrote through the bunker
+(written as U, read back with T). Independent of key-stability nuances.
+
+### Mode B — wrong self-peer / wrong author filter (no guard)
+Sites that self-encrypt directly to `signer.pubKey`:
+- `nip51Lists/encryption/PrivateTagsInContent.kt:41,57,64,74` — the crypto under
+  the guarded lists (`nip44Encrypt(…, signer.pubKey)` / `decrypt(…, signer.pubKey)`).
+- `concord/cord02Community/ConcordCommunityListEvent.kt:56,74` +
+  `ConcordCommunityList.kt:170,222` — Concord list self-encryption.
+- `nip60Cashu/token/CashuTokenEvent.kt:74`, `quote/CashuMintQuoteEvent.kt:136`.
+- `amethyst/.../nip78AppSpecific/AppSpecificState.kt:60` (Android-only file → moot).
+
+The bunker derives ECDH(u, T) instead of ECDH(u, U): standard-client content
+(peer U) fails MAC; content Amethyst writes is sealed to peer T, unreadable by
+every other client and by the same user's local-key login. Author filters like
+`authors = listOf(signer.pubKey)` also query T, so the user's own U-authored
+events are never fetched (e.g. `Account.importConcordCommunities` filter, the
+CLI `concord list`).
+
+## Impact by front end (verified)
+
+- **Android `amethyst/`: UNAFFECTED.** No `NostrSignerRemote` is ever
+  constructed (`AccountCacheState.loadAccount` builds only `NostrSignerInternal`
+  / `NostrSignerExternal`; the only `NostrSignerRemote` reference is a type-check
+  in `MeteringNostrSigner.kt:122`). Android has no bunker login, so
+  `signer.pubKey == account pubkey` always.
+- **Desktop `desktopApp/`: AFFECTED.** Bunker login is a first-class path
+  (`AccountManager.loginWithBunker` / `loginWithNostrConnect`). Confirmed live:
+  `BookmarksScreen.kt:189,355` → `list.privateBookmarks(account.signer)` → guard
+  returns null → **private bookmarks always empty** for bunker accounts. Same
+  guard breaks the private mute section, private follow lists, and drafts. Cashu
+  self-encryption sealed to the wrong peer. (No Concord feature on desktop.)
+- **CLI `cli/`: AFFECTED.** Same failures; `concord list` breaks on both the
+  author filter and the decrypt. The `amy concord import`/`read` diagnostics
+  (2026-07-17) already work around it by using `ctx.identity.pubKeyHex` — but
+  every other self-encryption site in the CLI is still wrong.
+
+Transport key is **persisted + stable across restarts** on both desktop and CLI,
+so Mode-B data *round-trips within one install* (looks fine locally) but is
+non-portable and non-standard; a fresh `nostrconnect://` session regenerating
+the key makes it permanently unrecoverable. Mode-A fails regardless.
+
+## Fix
+
+**Core (quartz):** make `NostrSignerRemote.pubKey` return the **verified user
+key U**, not the transport key T. Constraints:
+- The user key is known only after the `get_public_key` RPC, so it can't be set
+  from the raw `bunker://` parts at construction. Resolve it during the
+  login/connect handshake (desktop `NostrConnectLoginUseCase` and CLI login
+  already call `getPublicKey()`), and construct/finalize the signer with U as its
+  identity.
+- **Keep the transport key for NIP-46 transport.** Internal sites that legitimately
+  need T — the response subscription filter `p: signer.pubKey`
+  (`NostrSignerRemote.kt:91`), request addressing/encryption to the bunker
+  (`RemoteSignerManager`, `remoteKey = remotePubkey`) — must reference the
+  transport keypair explicitly (`this.signer.pubKey`), **not** the base-class
+  `pubKey`. Audit every `signer.pubKey`/`pubKey` use inside `NostrSignerRemote`
+  and `RemoteSignerManager` and pin transport uses to the transport keypair
+  before flipping the base `pubKey`.
+
+Two implementation options:
+1. **Explicit identity param** — add `userPubkey: HexKey` to `NostrSignerRemote`
+   (or a factory that RPCs `get_public_key`, then builds the signer with U as
+   `NostrSigner(userPubkey)`). Cleanest; makes the contract explicit. Requires
+   touching every construction site (desktop `AccountManager`, CLI `Context`,
+   `NostrConnectLoginUseCase`).
+2. **Late-resolved pubKey** — allow the base identity to be set once after the
+   connect handshake. Smaller call-site churn, but `NostrSigner.pubKey` becoming
+   non-`val` ripples widely; less desirable.
+
+Prefer **(1)**.
+
+For local (`NostrSignerInternal`) and external NIP-55 (`NostrSignerExternal`)
+signers, `signer.pubKey` already equals the account key, so the change is a
+**no-op** for them — only bunker accounts change behavior. That keeps the blast
+radius to exactly the broken case.
+
+Once `NostrSignerRemote.pubKey == U`, all Mode-A guards pass and all Mode-B
+self-encryption uses the right peer; **amy can drop its manual-decrypt
+workaround** and the `Account.importConcordCommunities` filter/decrypt become
+correct for any future bunker use.
+
+## Migration / data caveat
+
+Any Mode-B data a bunker user *already wrote* was sealed to peer T. After the
+fix (peer U) it becomes unreadable — but it was already unreadable everywhere
+except that one install, so the fix trades a hidden-corruption state for a
+correct one. Private NIP-51 lists / drafts (Mode-A) were never successfully
+written wrong (the guard blocked the write path's read-modify-write too), so
+there's nothing to migrate there — they simply start working. Call this out in
+the PR; no migration code needed, but a note for affected desktop users is kind.
+
+## Testing
+
+- **quartz unit:** construct a `NostrSignerRemote` whose transport key ≠ user
+  key; assert `pubKey == userKey`; assert `PrivateTagArrayEvent.decrypt` /
+  `DraftWrapEvent.canDecrypt` succeed against a U-authored event; assert the
+  NIP-46 response subscription still filters on the transport key.
+- **round-trip:** self-encrypt a private list with the remote signer, decrypt
+  with a *local* `NostrSignerInternal` for U → must match (proves portability).
+- **desktop:** bunker login → private bookmarks / private mute / drafts render.
+- **CLI:** `amy concord list` (not just `import`) loads communities for a bunker
+  account; drop the `import` workaround and confirm `newest.decrypt(signer)`
+  works.
+
+## Suggested sequence
+
+1. quartz: audit transport-vs-identity `pubKey` uses inside
+   `NostrSignerRemote`/`RemoteSignerManager`; pin transport uses to the transport
+   keypair.
+2. quartz: add the explicit-identity construction (option 1) + unit tests.
+3. desktop `AccountManager` + `NostrConnectLoginUseCase`: pass the verified U
+   into the signer; verify private lists on-device.
+4. CLI `Context`: pass `identity.pubKeyHex` as the signer identity; drop the amy
+   Concord decrypt workaround.
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip01Core/signers/NostrSigner.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip01Core/signers/NostrSigner.kt
index fd5fd2e0d6..70836a44b9 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip01Core/signers/NostrSigner.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip01Core/signers/NostrSigner.kt
@@ -27,8 +27,15 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip57Zaps.LnZapPrivateEvent
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip57Zaps.LnZapRequestEvent
 
 abstract class NostrSigner(
-    val pubKey: HexKey,
+    pubKey: HexKey,
 ) {
+    /**
+     * The account's own identity pubkey. `open` because a NIP-46 remote signer resolves it
+     * from the bunker (`get_public_key`) rather than from a local key it holds — see
+     * `NostrSignerRemote`, whose transport keypair is deliberately NOT the user identity.
+     */
+    open val pubKey: HexKey = pubKey
+
     abstract fun isWriteable(): Boolean
 
     suspend fun <T : Event> sign(ev: EventTemplate<T>): T = sign(ev.createdAt, ev.kind, ev.tags, ev.content)
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip46RemoteSigner/signer/NostrSignerRemote.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip46RemoteSigner/signer/NostrSignerRemote.kt
index 38ca469718..5ca77a0410 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip46RemoteSigner/signer/NostrSignerRemote.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip46RemoteSigner/signer/NostrSignerRemote.kt
@@ -70,6 +70,31 @@ class NostrSignerRemote(
      */
     val onAuthUrl: ((String) -> Unit)? = null,
 ) : NostrSigner(signer.pubKey) {
+    // The user's real identity, resolved from the bunker via `get_public_key`. The constructor
+    // `signer` is the ephemeral NIP-46 TRANSPORT keypair, NOT the user — so until this is bound,
+    // `pubKey` falls back to the transport key. Every self-encryption / self-authorship site keys
+    // off `pubKey`, so leaving it as the transport key silently breaks private NIP-51 lists, NIP-37
+    // drafts, Concord list decryption, etc. for bunker accounts. Bound either eagerly from a saved
+    // identity ([bindUserPubkey]) or lazily by the first [getPublicKey] call.
+    private var resolvedUserPubkey: HexKey? = null
+
+    /**
+     * The account identity. Returns the bunker-resolved user key once known, else the transport
+     * key. Internal NIP-46 transport (the response-subscription `p` filter, request addressing)
+     * deliberately uses `signer.pubKey`/`remotePubkey` directly and is unaffected by this.
+     */
+    override val pubKey: HexKey
+        get() = resolvedUserPubkey ?: signer.pubKey
+
+    /**
+     * Bind the user's identity pubkey when it is already known (e.g. a persisted bunker account
+     * reloaded from disk, or the CLI's stored identity) so `pubKey` is correct without a
+     * `get_public_key` round-trip.
+     */
+    fun bindUserPubkey(userPubkey: HexKey) {
+        resolvedUserPubkey = userPubkey
+    }
+
     private val scope = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Default + SupervisorJob())
 
     private val manager =
@@ -292,6 +317,8 @@ class NostrSignerRemote(
             )
 
         if (result is SignerResult.RequestAddressed.Successful<PublicKeyResult>) {
+            // Cache it so `pubKey` reflects the real identity from here on (self-encryption etc.).
+            resolvedUserPubkey = result.result.pubkey
             return result.result.pubkey
         }
 
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip46RemoteSigner/signer/NostrSignerRemoteIsolationTest.kt b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip46RemoteSigner/signer/NostrSignerRemoteIsolationTest.kt
index f86af44b03..5ea4738247 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip46RemoteSigner/signer/NostrSignerRemoteIsolationTest.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip46RemoteSigner/signer/NostrSignerRemoteIsolationTest.kt
@@ -119,6 +119,32 @@ class NostrSignerRemoteIsolationTest {
     private val generalRelay = NormalizedRelayUrl("wss://relay.damus.io/")
     private val validHex = "a".repeat(64)
 
+    @Test
+    fun pubKeyFallsBackToTransportKeyUntilBoundThenReturnsUserIdentity() {
+        val trackingClient = TrackingNostrClient()
+        val ephemeralSigner = NostrSignerInternal(KeyPair())
+        val userIdentity = "b".repeat(64)
+
+        val remote =
+            NostrSignerRemote(
+                signer = ephemeralSigner,
+                remotePubkey = validHex,
+                relays = setOf(bunkerRelay),
+                client = trackingClient,
+            )
+
+        // Before the user identity is known, pubKey is the ephemeral transport key — NOT the
+        // remotePubkey (which is the bunker's addressing key) and not yet the user's identity.
+        assertEquals(ephemeralSigner.pubKey, remote.pubKey)
+
+        // Once bound (mirrors a reloaded account / a cached get_public_key), pubKey is the user key.
+        remote.bindUserPubkey(userIdentity)
+        assertEquals(userIdentity, remote.pubKey)
+
+        // The transport keypair used for NIP-46 addressing is untouched by the binding.
+        assertEquals(ephemeralSigner.pubKey, remote.signer.pubKey)
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun subscriptionFilterTargetsOnlyBunkerRelays() {
         val trackingClient = TrackingNostrClient()