diff --git a/cli/README.md b/cli/README.md
index 799d94bb3b..6854e836a3 100644
--- a/cli/README.md
+++ b/cli/README.md
@@ -679,9 +679,12 @@ also carried on-relay as the encrypted, fragmented kind:33302 Community List
 | `amy concord channels COMMUNITY` | List a community's channels. |
 | `amy concord send COMMUNITY CHANNEL TEXT` | Post a message (CHANNEL = `general`\|name\|id). |
 | `amy concord read COMMUNITY CHANNEL [--limit N] [--epoch N] [--root HEX]` | Read a channel's messages (default 50); `--epoch`/`--root` read a prior epoch's plane. |
-| `amy concord invite COMMUNITY [--base URL]` | Mint + publish a shareable invite link. |
+| `amy concord invite COMMUNITY [--base URL]` | Mint + publish a shareable invite link (at most 3 bootstrap relays ride in the fragment, CORD-05 §3; the bundle names this account as creator). |
 | `amy concord revoke COMMUNITY TOKEN\|URL` | Retire a link you minted: publishes a `vsk=9` tombstone at its coordinate, then records it in your Invite List. |
-| `amy concord join URL` | Redeem an invite link and save the community. |
+| `amy concord join URL` | Redeem an invite link, save the community, and publish a Guestbook Join echoing the link's attribution (CORD-05 §1/§6). |
+| `amy concord rekey [COMMUNITY]` | Follow a Refounding we were re-keyed for. Honors only a BAN-holding rotator whose `vac` cites a Grant our fold has synced (the owner cites none); racing rotations converge on the lowest root (CORD-06 §3). |
+| `amy concord recover [COMMUNITY] [--rejoin]` | Report whether a Refounding left us behind (our joined-through link resolves to a higher epoch). A bundle never moves the base on its own (CORD-06 §2); `--rejoin` explicitly re-accepts the link. Ban-gated, fails closed. |
+| `amy concord refound COMMUNITY --remove U[,U…]` | CORD-06 Refounding. Aborts unless the whole Control Plane folds; publishes the rekey chunks first (each confirmed), the compacted plane after; reserves its keys so a re-run resumes with the same root; refused for a dissolved community. |
 | `amy concord roles COMMUNITY` | List live roles + the current banlist (CORD-04). |
 | `amy concord role COMMUNITY NAME POSITION PERM…` | Define a role (perms by name, e.g. `BAN KICK`). |
 | `amy concord grant COMMUNITY USER ROLE-ID` | Grant a role to a member. |
diff --git a/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/ConcordCommands.kt b/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/ConcordCommands.kt
index 6c2212a4e5..1cd6a91b71 100644
--- a/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/ConcordCommands.kt
+++ b/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/ConcordCommands.kt
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ConcordCommunityList
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ConcordCommunityListEntry
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ConcordCommunityListEvent
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ConcordCommunityListFragmentEvent
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ConcordDissolution
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ConcordListFragmentSet
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.HeldRoot
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.AuthorityResolver
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord05Invites.ConcordInviteListEntry
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord05Invites.ConcordInviteListEvent
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord05Invites.ConcordInviteListTombstone
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord05Invites.InviteBundleStatus
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey.ReceivedRefounding
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.crypto.ControlPlaneKeys
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.hexToByteArray
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.toHexKey
@@ -76,9 +78,11 @@ object ConcordCommands {
         |  concord join URL                            redeem an invite link and save the community
         |  concord rekey [COMMUNITY]                   follow a Refounding we were re-keyed for:
         |                                               open our blob and adopt the new epoch
-        |  concord recover [COMMUNITY]                 re-resolve the joined-through invite link and
-        |                                               follow a Refounding we were left out of
-        |                                               (CORD-06); refuses if that epoch banned us
+        |  concord recover [COMMUNITY] [--rejoin]      re-resolve the joined-through invite link and
+        |                                               report whether a Refounding left us behind;
+        |                                               --rejoin re-accepts that link (a bundle never
+        |                                               moves the base on its own, CORD-06 §2);
+        |                                               refuses if that epoch banned us
         |  concord roles COMMUNITY                     list live roles + current banlist (CORD-04)
         |  concord role COMMUNITY NAME POSITION PERM…  define a role (perms by name, e.g. BAN KICK)
         |  concord grant COMMUNITY USER ROLE-ID        grant a role to a member
@@ -278,7 +282,9 @@ object ConcordCommands {
             ctx.prepare()
             // The joiner cannot derive the Control Plane address, so the invite carries it
             // (CORD-05 §1); omitted for a legacy community, which has none to carry.
-            val invite = ConcordActions.inviteFor(sc.communityId, sc.owner, sc.ownerSalt, sc.root, sc.rootEpoch, sc.name, sc.relays, sc.controlPk.ifBlank { null })
+            // The creator rides in the bundle so joiners echo it in their Guestbook Join (CORD-05 §1).
+            val invite = ConcordActions.inviteFor(sc.communityId, sc.owner, sc.ownerSalt, sc.root, sc.rootEpoch, sc.name, sc.relays, sc.controlPk.ifBlank { null }, creator = ctx.signer.pubKey)
+            // At most 3 bootstrap relays ride in the fragment (CORD-05 §3); the codec truncates.
             val minted = ConcordActions.mintInviteLink(base, invite, TimeUtils.now(), sc.relays)
             // Record the link BEFORE publishing the bundle (CORD-05, kind 13303): a link whose
             // `signer_sk` was never stored can never be refreshed, so the next Refounding orphans
@@ -426,7 +432,7 @@ object ConcordCommands {
             // relay that kept the old version hand out a link its creator revoked — and it cannot
             // tell the user which of "revoked", "expired" or "gone" they are looking at.
             val bundle =
-                when (val status = ConcordActions.classifyInvite(wraps, parsed.fragment.token)) {
+                when (val status = ConcordActions.classifyInvite(wraps, parsed.linkSignerPubKey, parsed.fragment.token)) {
                     is InviteBundleStatus.Live -> status.invite
                     is InviteBundleStatus.Expired -> return Output.error("expired", "this invite link has expired and can no longer be joined")
                     InviteBundleStatus.Revoked -> return Output.error("revoked", "this invite link was revoked by its creator")
@@ -462,7 +468,7 @@ object ConcordCommands {
                 return Output.error("banned", "this community has banned this account; the link works but the roster does not admit you (CORD-04)")
             }
 
-            ConcordStore(dataDir.concordFile).upsert(
+            val stored =
                 StoredCommunity(
                     name = bundle.name,
                     communityId = bundle.communityId,
@@ -477,15 +483,53 @@ object ConcordCommands {
                     // The stranded-recovery anchor: if a later Refounding leaves us out, re-resolving
                     // this link is the only way back (CORD-05/06). Stored bare, domain-agnostic.
                     inviteRef = ConcordActions.bareInviteRef(url) ?: "",
-                ),
-            )
-            Output.emit(mapOf("community_id" to bundle.communityId, "name" to bundle.name, "relays" to bundle.relays))
+                )
+            ConcordStore(dataDir.concordFile).upsert(stored)
+
+            // Announce the membership (CORD-05 §6 / CORD-02 §5): a Guestbook Join is how a later
+            // Refounding finds this member to re-key, and it echoes the link's attribution so link
+            // holders can count per-link joins. Best-effort, like every Guestbook motion.
+            val announced = announceGuestbookJoin(ctx, stored, bundle.creatorNpub, bundle.label)
+            Output.emit(mapOf("community_id" to bundle.communityId, "name" to bundle.name, "relays" to bundle.relays, "guestbook_join" to announced))
             return 0
         }
     }
 
     // ---- shared helpers (used by ConcordChannelCommands too) ------------------
 
+    private val HEX64 = Regex("^[0-9a-f]{64}$")
+
+    /** Publishes a Guestbook Join for [sc] at its current epoch, echoing invite attribution; true if a relay took it. */
+    suspend fun announceGuestbookJoin(
+        ctx: Context,
+        sc: StoredCommunity,
+        inviteCreator: String?,
+        inviteLabel: String?,
+    ): Boolean {
+        val creator = inviteCreator?.lowercase()?.takeIf { HEX64.matches(it) }
+        val label = inviteLabel?.takeIf { creator != null && it.isNotBlank() }
+        val guestbook = ConcordActions.guestbookPlane(sc.root.hexToByteArray(), sc.communityId.hexToByteArray(), sc.rootEpoch)
+        val wrap = ConcordActions.buildGuestbookJoin(ctx.signer, guestbook, TimeUtils.now(), creator, label)
+        val relays = relaysFor(ctx, sc)
+        ctx.registerConcordStreamKeys(relays, listOf(guestbook.secretKey))
+        return ctx.publish(wrap, relays).values.any { it.accepted }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether [sc] carries a valid owner tombstone (CORD-02 §9). Death wins every race: no rekey,
+     * recovery or Refounding moves a dissolved community forward.
+     */
+    suspend fun isDissolved(
+        ctx: Context,
+        sc: StoredCommunity,
+    ): Boolean {
+        val grave = ConcordDissolution.planeKey(sc.communityId)
+        val relays = relaysFor(ctx, sc)
+        ctx.registerConcordStreamKeys(relays, listOf(grave.secretKey))
+        val wraps = ctx.drain(relays.associateWith { listOf(ConcordActions.planeFilter(grave.publicKeyHex)) }, pendingOnAuthRequired = true).map { it.second }
+        return ConcordDissolution.isDissolved(wraps, sc.communityId, sc.owner)
+    }
+
     fun parseRelays(csv: String?): List<String> = csv?.split(",")?.map { it.trim() }?.filter { it.isNotBlank() } ?: emptyList()
 
     fun normalize(urls: List<String>): Set<NormalizedRelayUrl> = urls.mapNotNull { RelayUrlNormalizer.normalizeOrNull(it) }.toSet()
@@ -567,23 +611,21 @@ object ConcordCommands {
     )
 
     /**
-     * `concord recover [COMMUNITY]` — the stranded-recovery receive path (CORD-05/06 A2).
+     * `concord recover [COMMUNITY] [--rejoin]` — stranded detection (CORD-05/06).
      *
      * A Refounding carries only `(newRoot, newEpoch, rotator)` and **no recipient list**, so a
-     * member simply left out of the rekey receives nothing and sits on the dead epoch forever while
-     * everyone else moves on. There is no message to miss, which is why the rekey drain cannot help.
-     * The way back is the invite link the membership was joined through: the community keeps
-     * re-minting its bundle at the same addressable coordinate, so a live bundle at a **strictly
-     * higher** epoch than ours proves we were left behind — and carries the new root.
+     * member simply left out of the rekey receives nothing and sits on the dead epoch while
+     * everyone else moves on. The invite link the membership was joined through is re-minted at
+     * the current epoch, so a live bundle there at a **strictly higher** epoch says we were left
+     * behind.
      *
-     * Amethyst sweeps this on a timer; amy makes it an explicit verb, so it stays deterministic and
-     * scriptable rather than a background loop.
+     * A bundle is NOT proof of continuity (nothing binds `community_root` to `community_id`), so
+     * this verb only reports by default — a link creator must not be able to relocate everyone who
+     * joined through their link (CORD-06 §2: the base moves only by a verifiable rekey).
+     * `--rejoin` is the user explicitly re-accepting that link: the same trust decision as `join`.
      *
-     * The ban gate is the point of care. A removed member keeps the link's unlock token forever, so
-     * without it this walks them straight back into the epoch they were rotated out of. It reads the
-     * banlist of the epoch we are **leaving** (the last Control Plane we can still fold) and **fails
-     * closed**: a community whose plane will not fold yields no verdict and is skipped, never
-     * recovered.
+     * Ban-gated at the epoch we are leaving and **fails closed** (no fold, no verdict, no rejoin);
+     * a dissolved community is never moved (CORD-02 §9).
      */
     private suspend fun recover(
         dataDir: DataDir,
@@ -591,6 +633,7 @@ object ConcordCommands {
     ): Int {
         val args = Args(rest)
         val handle = args.positionalOrNull(0)
+        val rejoin = args.bool("rejoin")
         args.rejectUnknown()
         val store = ConcordStore(dataDir.concordFile)
         val targets =
@@ -604,54 +647,68 @@ object ConcordCommands {
             ctx.prepare()
             val results = mutableListOf<Map<String, Any?>>()
             for (sc in targets) {
+                fun skip(reason: String) = mapOf("community_id" to sc.communityId, "name" to sc.name, "stranded" to false, "recovered" to false, "reason" to reason)
+
                 val inviteRef = sc.inviteRef.ifBlank { null }
                 if (inviteRef == null) {
-                    results += mapOf("community_id" to sc.communityId, "name" to sc.name, "recovered" to false, "reason" to "no_invite_ref")
+                    results += skip("no_invite_ref")
                     continue
                 }
                 val parsed = ConcordActions.parseInviteLink(inviteRef)
                 if (parsed == null) {
-                    results += mapOf("community_id" to sc.communityId, "name" to sc.name, "recovered" to false, "reason" to "bad_invite_ref")
+                    results += skip("bad_invite_ref")
+                    continue
+                }
+                if (isDissolved(ctx, sc)) {
+                    results += skip("dissolved")
                     continue
                 }
                 val relays = (normalize(parsed.fragment.relays) + normalize(sc.relays)).ifEmpty { ctx.outboxRelays() }
                 val wraps = ctx.drain(relays.associateWith { listOf(ConcordActions.bundleFilter(parsed.linkSignerPubKey)) }).map { it.second }
-                // Only a LIVE bundle recovers: an expired or revoked link is not a rotation we missed.
-                val bundle = (ConcordActions.classifyInvite(wraps, parsed.fragment.token) as? InviteBundleStatus.Live)?.invite
+                // Only a LIVE bundle counts: an expired or revoked link is not a rotation we missed.
+                val bundle = (ConcordActions.classifyInvite(wraps, parsed.linkSignerPubKey, parsed.fragment.token) as? InviteBundleStatus.Live)?.invite
                 if (bundle == null) {
-                    results += mapOf("community_id" to sc.communityId, "name" to sc.name, "recovered" to false, "reason" to "no_live_bundle")
+                    results += skip("no_live_bundle")
                     continue
                 }
 
-                // Fold the epoch we are leaving to learn whether it banned us. No fold, no verdict,
-                // no recovery — the gate fails closed rather than assuming "not banned".
+                // Fold the epoch we are leaving to learn whether it banned us. No fold, no verdict.
                 val cp = controlPlaneKeysFor(sc)
                 ctx.registerConcordStreamKeys(relays, listOfNotNull(cp.signer?.secretKey))
                 val controlWraps = ctx.drain(relays.associateWith { listOf(ConcordActions.planeFilter(cp.address)) }, pendingOnAuthRequired = true).map { it.second }
                 val editions = ConcordActions.controlEditions(controlWraps, cp)
                 if (editions.isEmpty()) {
-                    results += mapOf("community_id" to sc.communityId, "name" to sc.name, "recovered" to false, "reason" to "control_plane_not_folded")
+                    results += skip("control_plane_not_folded")
                     continue
                 }
                 val bannedHere = AuthorityResolver.resolve(editions, sc.owner).isBanned(ctx.signer.pubKey)
-
-                val merged = ConcordActions.recoverStranded(entryFor(sc), bundle, bannedHere)
-                if (merged == null) {
+                val entry = entryFor(sc)
+                if (!ConcordActions.isStranded(entry, bundle, bannedHere)) {
+                    results += skip(if (bannedHere) "banned" else "already_current") + ("root_epoch" to sc.rootEpoch)
+                    continue
+                }
+                if (!rejoin) {
                     results +=
                         mapOf(
                             "community_id" to sc.communityId,
                             "name" to sc.name,
+                            "stranded" to true,
                             "recovered" to false,
-                            "reason" to if (bannedHere) "banned" else "already_current",
+                            "reason" to "rejoin_required",
                             "root_epoch" to sc.rootEpoch,
+                            "link_epoch" to bundle.rootEpoch,
                         )
                     continue
                 }
-                store.upsert(storedFrom(sc, merged))
+                val merged = ConcordActions.rejoinStranded(entry, bundle, bannedHere) ?: continue
+                val stored = storedFrom(sc, merged)
+                store.upsert(stored)
+                announceGuestbookJoin(ctx, stored, bundle.creatorNpub, bundle.label)
                 results +=
                     mapOf(
                         "community_id" to sc.communityId,
                         "name" to sc.name,
+                        "stranded" to true,
                         "recovered" to true,
                         "from_epoch" to sc.rootEpoch,
                         "root_epoch" to merged.rootEpoch,
@@ -671,8 +728,11 @@ object ConcordCommands {
      * strands every other CLI member even though their blob is sitting on the relay.
      *
      * The rotator is authorized against the roster of the epoch being **left** — `hasPermission`,
-     * never `effectivePermissions`, so a banned BAN-holder cannot rotate us (CORD-06). Fails closed:
-     * a plane that will not fold yields no verdict and the community is skipped.
+     * never `effectivePermissions`, so a banned BAN-holder cannot rotate us — and must cite the
+     * Grant it acts under (`vac`, CORD-06 §3) at a version that fold has synced; the owner cites
+     * nothing. Racing honored rotations converge on the lowest new root. Fails closed: a plane that
+     * will not fold yields no verdict and the community is skipped. A dissolved community is never
+     * moved (CORD-02 §9).
      */
     private suspend fun rekey(
         dataDir: DataDir,
@@ -688,21 +748,12 @@ object ConcordCommands {
             ctx.prepare()
             val results = mutableListOf<Map<String, Any?>>()
             for (sc in targets) {
+                if (isDissolved(ctx, sc)) {
+                    results += mapOf("community_id" to sc.communityId, "name" to sc.name, "rekeyed" to false, "reason" to "dissolved", "root_epoch" to sc.rootEpoch)
+                    continue
+                }
                 val relays = relaysFor(ctx, sc)
-                val baseRekey = ConcordActions.nextBaseRekeyPlane(sc.root.hexToByteArray(), sc.communityId.hexToByteArray(), sc.rootEpoch)
-                ctx.registerConcordStreamKeys(relays, listOf(baseRekey.secretKey))
-                val wraps = ctx.drain(relays.associateWith { listOf(ConcordActions.planeFilter(baseRekey.publicKeyHex)) }, pendingOnAuthRequired = true).map { it.second }
-                val received =
-                    ConcordActions.openBaseRekey(wraps, baseRekey, ctx.signer, sc.communityId, sc.root.hexToByteArray(), sc.rootEpoch)
-                if (received == null) {
-                    results += mapOf("community_id" to sc.communityId, "name" to sc.name, "rekeyed" to false, "reason" to "no_blob_for_us", "root_epoch" to sc.rootEpoch)
-                    continue
-                }
-                if (received.newEpoch <= sc.rootEpoch) {
-                    results += mapOf("community_id" to sc.communityId, "name" to sc.name, "rekeyed" to false, "reason" to "already_current", "root_epoch" to sc.rootEpoch)
-                    continue
-                }
-                // Authorize the rotator against the epoch we are LEAVING — the last plane we can fold.
+                // Authorize against the epoch we are LEAVING — the last plane we can fold.
                 val cp = controlPlaneKeysFor(sc)
                 ctx.registerConcordStreamKeys(relays, listOfNotNull(cp.signer?.secretKey))
                 val controlWraps = ctx.drain(relays.associateWith { listOf(ConcordActions.planeFilter(cp.address)) }, pendingOnAuthRequired = true).map { it.second }
@@ -711,12 +762,28 @@ object ConcordCommands {
                     results += mapOf("community_id" to sc.communityId, "name" to sc.name, "rekeyed" to false, "reason" to "control_plane_not_folded")
                     continue
                 }
-                if (!ConcordReceive.isAuthorizedRotator(AuthorityResolver.resolve(editions, sc.owner), received.rotator)) {
-                    results += mapOf("community_id" to sc.communityId, "name" to sc.name, "rekeyed" to false, "reason" to "unauthorized_rotator", "rotator" to received.rotator)
+                val entry = entryFor(sc)
+                val authority = AuthorityResolver.resolve(editions, sc.owner)
+                val honored = { r: ReceivedRefounding -> ConcordReceive.isHonoredRotation(entry, editions, authority, r) }
+
+                val baseRekey = ConcordActions.nextBaseRekeyPlane(sc.root.hexToByteArray(), sc.communityId.hexToByteArray(), sc.rootEpoch)
+                ctx.registerConcordStreamKeys(relays, listOf(baseRekey.secretKey))
+                val wraps = ctx.drain(relays.associateWith { listOf(ConcordActions.planeFilter(baseRekey.publicKeyHex)) }, pendingOnAuthRequired = true).map { it.second }
+                val received = ConcordActions.openBaseRekey(wraps, baseRekey, ctx.signer, sc.communityId, sc.root.hexToByteArray(), sc.rootEpoch, accept = honored)
+                if (received == null) {
+                    // Distinguish "no blob at all" from "only rotations we refuse to honor".
+                    val any = ConcordActions.openBaseRekey(wraps, baseRekey, ctx.signer, sc.communityId, sc.root.hexToByteArray(), sc.rootEpoch)
+                    val reason = if (any == null) "no_blob_for_us" else "unauthorized_rotator"
+                    results += mapOf("community_id" to sc.communityId, "name" to sc.name, "rekeyed" to false, "reason" to reason, "root_epoch" to sc.rootEpoch) + (if (any != null) mapOf("rotator" to any.rotator) else emptyMap())
                     continue
                 }
-                val adopted = ConcordReceive.withAdoptedRoot(entryFor(sc), received.newRoot, received.newEpoch, received.newControlPk, received.newControlRoot)
-                store.upsert(storedFrom(sc, adopted))
+                if (received.newEpoch <= sc.rootEpoch) {
+                    results += mapOf("community_id" to sc.communityId, "name" to sc.name, "rekeyed" to false, "reason" to "already_current", "root_epoch" to sc.rootEpoch)
+                    continue
+                }
+                val adopted = ConcordReceive.withAdoptedRoot(entry, received.newRoot, received.newEpoch, received.newControlPk, received.newControlRoot)
+                // A rotation we adopted supersedes any Refounding of ours still reserved.
+                store.upsert(storedFrom(sc, adopted).copy(pendingRefounding = null))
                 results += mapOf("community_id" to sc.communityId, "name" to sc.name, "rekeyed" to true, "from_epoch" to sc.rootEpoch, "root_epoch" to received.newEpoch, "rotator" to received.rotator)
             }
             Output.emit(mapOf("communities" to results))
diff --git a/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/ConcordModCommands.kt b/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/ConcordModCommands.kt
index 4a4bf10a49..da7997bdc6 100644
--- a/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/ConcordModCommands.kt
+++ b/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/commands/ConcordModCommands.kt
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.cli.DataDir
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.cli.Output
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.cli.stores.ConcordStore
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.cli.stores.StoredCommunity
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.cli.stores.StoredPendingRefounding
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.actions.ConcordActions
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.actions.ConcordModeration
 import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.actions.ConcordReceive
@@ -35,6 +36,9 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.ConcordPermissions
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.ControlEdition
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.RoleEntity
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord05Invites.InviteBundleStatus
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey.ConcordRefounding
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey.IncompleteControlPlaneException
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey.PendingRefounding
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.crypto.ControlPlaneKeys
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.Event
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.hexToByteArray
@@ -279,6 +283,11 @@ object ConcordModCommands {
                     .toSet()
             if (removed.isEmpty()) return Output.error("bad_args", "--remove needs at least one user")
 
+            // Death wins every race (CORD-02 §9): no epoch advance past a tombstone is honored.
+            if (ConcordCommands.isDissolved(ctx, sc)) {
+                return Output.error("dissolved", "community '$handle' has been dissolved; a Refounding cannot cross the tombstone (CORD-02 §9)")
+            }
+
             val loaded = load(ctx, sc, dataDir)
             val (cp, editions) = loaded
             val state = ConcordCommunityState.fold(editions, sc.owner)
@@ -299,8 +308,22 @@ object ConcordModCommands {
             // split epoch it takes the current control_root (CORD-02 §2).
             writeGuard(cp)?.let { return it }
 
+            // The rotation cites the Grant it acts under (CORD-06 §3 "Authority"), or no receiver
+            // honors it; the owner cites nothing.
+            val citation = ConcordReceive.rotationCitation(ConcordCommands.entryFor(loaded.community), editions, me)
+            if (citation == null && !authority.isOwner(me)) {
+                return Output.error("forbidden", "no Grant of yours in this community's fold to cite; receivers would drop the rotation (CORD-06 §3)")
+            }
+
             val relays = ConcordCommands.relaysFor(ctx, sc)
 
+            // 0. Acquire the WHOLE plane before the first publish (CORD-06 §3: a Refounder that cannot
+            //    fold every Control event must abort). Paged to completion, not a single capped REQ.
+            val swept = ctx.drainAllPages(relays.associateWith { listOf(ConcordActions.planeFilter(cp.address)) }).map { it.second }
+            if (swept.isEmpty()) {
+                return Output.error("control_plane_unreadable", "could not page this community's Control Plane; refusing to compact a partial plane (CORD-06 §3)")
+            }
+
             // 1. Ban the removed on the CURRENT plane, so the compacted snapshot — and therefore the
             //    new epoch — carries the ban. Each edition chains onto the updated banlist head.
             var chain = editions
@@ -327,45 +350,67 @@ object ConcordModCommands {
 
             // 3. Build: new root + fresh control_root, compacted plane, per-recipient blobs (staff
             //    get the 136-byte form carrying the secret, everyone else the 104-byte pubkey one).
-            val newRoot = RandomInstance.bytes(32)
-            val newControlRoot = RandomInstance.bytes(32)
-            // Compact from what we KNOW the plane holds: the wraps we drained plus the bans we just
+            //    The keys are RESERVED and persisted before anything is published, so a retried
+            //    `refound` re-delivers the same root instead of minting a sibling (CORD-06 §3).
+            val priorRoot = sc.root.hexToByteArray()
+            val keys =
+                ConcordRefounding.reserveKeys(
+                    loaded.community.pendingRefounding?.let { PendingRefounding(sc.communityId, it.rootEpoch, it.prevCommit, it.newRoot.hexToByteArray(), it.newControlRoot.hexToByteArray()) },
+                    sc.communityId,
+                    sc.rootEpoch,
+                    priorRoot,
+                )
+            val reserved = loaded.community.copy(pendingRefounding = StoredPendingRefounding(keys.rootEpoch, keys.prevCommit, keys.newRoot.toHexKey(), keys.newControlRoot.toHexKey()))
+            ConcordStore(dataDir.concordFile).upsert(reserved)
+            // Compact from what we KNOW the plane holds: the paged sweep plus the bans we just
             // published. Re-draining alone would race the relay's indexing, and a relay that has not
             // yet echoed the ban back (or that ACKed and stored nothing) would produce a new epoch
             // whose roster never banned the member we are removing.
-            val drained = ctx.drain(relays.associateWith { listOf(ConcordActions.planeFilter(cp.address)) }, pendingOnAuthRequired = true).map { it.second }
-            val controlWraps = (drained + banWraps).distinctBy { it.id }
+            val controlWraps = (swept + banWraps).distinctBy { it.id }
             val build =
-                ConcordActions.buildRefounding(
-                    rotatorSigner = ctx.signer,
-                    communityId = sc.communityId,
-                    priorRoot = sc.root.hexToByteArray(),
-                    newRoot = newRoot,
-                    newControlRoot = newControlRoot,
-                    rootEpoch = sc.rootEpoch,
-                    priorControlWraps = controlWraps,
-                    priorControlKeys = cp,
-                    recipientsXOnly = recipients,
-                    staffXOnly = authority.staffMembers(),
-                    createdAt = TimeUtils.now(),
-                    ownerPubKey = sc.owner,
-                )
+                try {
+                    ConcordActions.buildRefounding(
+                        rotatorSigner = ctx.signer,
+                        communityId = sc.communityId,
+                        priorRoot = priorRoot,
+                        newRoot = keys.newRoot,
+                        newControlRoot = keys.newControlRoot,
+                        rootEpoch = sc.rootEpoch,
+                        priorControlWraps = controlWraps,
+                        priorControlKeys = cp,
+                        recipientsXOnly = recipients,
+                        staffXOnly = authority.staffMembers(),
+                        createdAt = TimeUtils.now(),
+                        ownerPubKey = sc.owner,
+                        authority = citation,
+                        // Every head our own fold honors (bans included) must survive the compaction.
+                        mustCarry = ConcordRefounding.headVersions(chain, sc.owner),
+                    )
+                } catch (e: IncompleteControlPlaneException) {
+                    return Output.error("control_plane_incomplete", "${e.missing.size} Control Plane head(s) could not be carried into the new epoch; aborted before publishing the rotation (CORD-06 §3)")
+                }
 
-            // 4. The compacted plane (the new epoch's state) then the blobs (the key that opens it).
-            build.controlWraps.forEach { ctx.publish(it, relays) }
-            build.rekeyWraps.forEach { ctx.publish(it, relays) }
+            // 4. The root roll FIRST, every chunk confirmed; the compacted plane only after it
+            //    (CORD-06 §3). A chunk no relay took aborts with nothing adopted — the reserved keys
+            //    make re-running this command re-deliver the same root.
+            for (wrap in build.rekeyWraps) {
+                if (ctx.publish(wrap, relays).values.none { it.accepted }) {
+                    return Output.error("rekey_not_published", "a rekey chunk was not accepted by any relay; re-run to resume with the same keys")
+                }
+            }
+            val compactionFailures = build.controlWraps.count { wrap -> ctx.publish(wrap, relays).values.none { it.accepted } }
 
             // 5. Adopt the new epoch ourselves — the same pure rewrite Amethyst uses, banking the
-            //    epoch we are leaving for the anti-rollback floor.
+            //    epoch we are leaving for the anti-rollback floor — and drop the reservation.
             val adopted =
                 ConcordReceive.withAdoptedRoot(
                     ConcordCommands.entryFor(loaded.community),
-                    newRoot,
+                    keys.newRoot,
                     build.newEpoch,
                     build.newControlKeys.address.hexToByteArray(),
-                    newControlRoot,
+                    keys.newControlRoot,
                 )
-            val stored = ConcordCommands.storedFrom(loaded.community, adopted)
+            val stored = ConcordCommands.storedFrom(loaded.community, adopted).copy(pendingRefounding = null)
             ConcordStore(dataDir.concordFile).upsert(stored)
 
             // 6. Refresh every link we minted, at its OWN coordinate, so it now resolves to the new
@@ -393,7 +438,7 @@ object ConcordModCommands {
                     // grants, icon, label — survive the rotation, and so a coordinate whose newest
                     // event is a revocation tombstone is left revoked instead of being re-opened.
                     val wraps = ctx.drain(relays.associateWith { listOf(ConcordActions.bundleFilter(link.signerPubKeyHex())) }).map { it.second }
-                    val live = ConcordActions.classifyInvite(wraps, token) as? InviteBundleStatus.Live ?: return@runCatching
+                    val live = ConcordActions.classifyInvite(wraps, link.signerPubKeyHex(), token) as? InviteBundleStatus.Live ?: return@runCatching
                     val moved =
                         live.invite.copy(
                             communityRoot = stored.root,
@@ -415,6 +460,7 @@ object ConcordModCommands {
                     "recipients" to recipients.size,
                     "control_wraps" to build.controlWraps.size,
                     "rekey_wraps" to build.rekeyWraps.size,
+                    "compaction_failures" to compactionFailures,
                     "invites_refreshed" to refreshed,
                 ),
             )
diff --git a/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/stores/ConcordStore.kt b/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/stores/ConcordStore.kt
index c36b1ac915..9668912d23 100644
--- a/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/stores/ConcordStore.kt
+++ b/cli/src/main/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/cli/stores/ConcordStore.kt
@@ -53,6 +53,17 @@ data class StoredCommunity(
     // rekey has no message to miss: re-resolving this link is the only way back. Blank for a direct
     // invite or a community joined before amy stored it.
     val inviteRef: String = "",
+    // Keys reserved for a Refounding this account started but has not yet adopted (CORD-06 §3): a
+    // retried `refound` must re-deliver the SAME root, never mint a sibling that splits the members.
+    val pendingRefounding: StoredPendingRefounding? = null,
+)
+
+/** A Refounding's reserved keys, mirroring quartz `PendingRefounding`. */
+data class StoredPendingRefounding(
+    val rootEpoch: Long = 0,
+    val prevCommit: String = "",
+    val newRoot: String = "",
+    val newControlRoot: String = "",
 )
 
 /** A past community_root for a specific epoch, mirroring quartz `HeldRoot`. */
diff --git a/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/actions/ConcordActions.kt b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/actions/ConcordActions.kt
index 0a9699bd1c..8d1711795d 100644
--- a/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/actions/ConcordActions.kt
+++ b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/actions/ConcordActions.kt
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ImagePointer
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.NewConcordCommunity
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord03Channels.ChannelChat
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord03Channels.ConcordChannelKeys
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.AuthorityCitation
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.ControlEdition
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord05Invites.CommunityInvite
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord05Invites.ConcordDirectInvite
@@ -190,6 +191,19 @@ object ConcordActions {
         rootEpoch: Long,
     ): GroupKey = ConcordKeyDerivation.baseRekeyAddress(communityRoot, communityId, rootEpoch + 1)
 
+    /**
+     * The base-rekey address the rotation INTO [entry]'s current epoch rode on, derived from the
+     * prior epoch's (canonical) held root — or null when we hold none (a fresh joiner at this
+     * epoch). Watching it after adopting is what lets the same-epoch race heal (CORD-06 §3): a
+     * racing sibling rotation sealed under the same prior root arrives here, and a strictly lower
+     * one replaces the root we adopted.
+     */
+    fun siblingBaseRekeyPlane(entry: ConcordCommunityListEntry): GroupKey? {
+        if (entry.rootEpoch <= 0) return null
+        val prior = ConcordRefounding.canonicalHeldRoots(entry.heldRoots).firstOrNull { it.epoch == entry.rootEpoch - 1 } ?: return null
+        return ConcordKeyDerivation.baseRekeyAddress(prior.key.hexToByteArray(), entry.id.hexToByteArray(), entry.rootEpoch)
+    }
+
     // ---- relay filters (what to REQ) -----------------------------------------
 
     /** Wraps at a plane/channel address: kind-1059 events authored by the stream key. */
@@ -426,6 +440,8 @@ object ConcordActions {
         name: String,
         relays: List<String>,
         controlPk: HexKey? = null,
+        creator: HexKey? = null,
+        label: String? = null,
     ): CommunityInvite =
         CommunityInvite(
             communityId = communityIdHex,
@@ -436,6 +452,10 @@ object ConcordActions {
             controlPk = controlPk,
             relays = relays,
             name = name,
+            // Optional attribution (CORD-05 §1): echoed in the joiner's Guestbook Join, so link
+            // holders can count per-link usage. Inside the token-encrypted bundle only.
+            creatorNpub = creator,
+            label = label,
         )
 
     /** Mints a shareable public invite link + bundle event (see [ConcordInviteBundle.mintLink]). */
@@ -495,15 +515,25 @@ object ConcordActions {
     fun bareInviteRef(url: String): String? = ConcordInviteLink.bareForm(url)
 
     /**
-     * Merges a stranded membership forward onto a higher-epoch [bundle] resolved at
-     * its own stored invite link, or null when there is nothing to recover. See
-     * [ConcordStrandedRecovery].
+     * True when a live [bundle] resolved at [entry]'s own stored invite link says a Refounding
+     * left us behind (a higher epoch, and we are not banned). Detection only: a bundle may never
+     * move a held community's base on its own (CORD-06 §2) — see [ConcordStrandedRecovery].
      */
-    fun recoverStranded(
+    fun isStranded(
         entry: ConcordCommunityListEntry,
         bundle: CommunityInvite,
         bannedAtCurrentEpoch: Boolean,
-    ): ConcordCommunityListEntry? = ConcordStrandedRecovery.mergeForward(entry, bundle, bannedAtCurrentEpoch)
+    ): Boolean = ConcordStrandedRecovery.isStranded(entry, bundle, bannedAtCurrentEpoch)
+
+    /**
+     * The entry after the user **explicitly** re-accepts the invite link a stranded [entry] was
+     * joined through, or null when not stranded. Only ever from a user action — never a sweep.
+     */
+    fun rejoinStranded(
+        entry: ConcordCommunityListEntry,
+        bundle: CommunityInvite,
+        bannedAtCurrentEpoch: Boolean,
+    ): ConcordCommunityListEntry? = ConcordStrandedRecovery.rejoinForward(entry, bundle, bannedAtCurrentEpoch)
 
     /** Decrypts + validates a fetched bundle event with the link token; null if invalid. */
     fun openBundle(
@@ -516,13 +546,15 @@ object ConcordActions {
      * [InviteBundleStatus] (live / expired / revoked / unreadable / absent) per CORD-05
      * §2, so a redeeming client honours a `vsk=9` revocation tombstone and an
      * `expires_at` in the past, and reports why a link can't be opened instead of
-     * retrying blindly. [nowMs] is unix milliseconds.
+     * retrying blindly. [nowMs] is unix milliseconds. Only events genuinely at the link's
+     * coordinate count — signed by [linkSignerPubKey], `d == ""` — never what a relay claims is.
      */
     fun classifyInvite(
         wraps: List<Event>,
+        linkSignerPubKey: HexKey,
         token: ByteArray,
         nowMs: Long = TimeUtils.nowMillis(),
-    ): InviteBundleStatus = ConcordInviteBundle.classify(wraps, token, nowMs)
+    ): InviteBundleStatus = ConcordInviteBundle.classify(wraps, linkSignerPubKey, token, nowMs)
 
     /**
      * The Control Plane keys described by a redeemed [invite] so the joiner can
@@ -610,6 +642,8 @@ object ConcordActions {
         staffXOnly: Set<HexKey>,
         createdAt: Long,
         ownerPubKey: HexKey,
+        authority: AuthorityCitation? = null,
+        mustCarry: Map<String, Long> = emptyMap(),
     ): RefoundingBuild =
         ConcordRefounding.build(
             rotatorSigner = rotatorSigner,
@@ -624,6 +658,8 @@ object ConcordActions {
             staffXOnly = staffXOnly,
             createdAt = createdAt,
             ownerPubKey = ownerPubKey,
+            authority = authority,
+            mustCarry = mustCarry,
         )
 
     /**
@@ -632,7 +668,9 @@ object ConcordActions {
      * scope, epoch and continuity against the [priorRoot] the member holds — and,
      * on a staff blob, that the delivered `control_root` derives to the delivered
      * `control_pk` (CORD-06 §1). Returns the new root + Control keys + rotator
-     * (for the caller to authorize) or null if not re-keyed.
+     * or null if not re-keyed. [accept] is the caller's authority check (see
+     * [ConcordReceive.isHonoredRotation]); racing rotations it admits converge on
+     * the lowest new root (CORD-06 §3).
      */
     suspend fun openBaseRekey(
         wraps: List<Event>,
@@ -641,5 +679,6 @@ object ConcordActions {
         communityId: HexKey,
         priorRoot: ByteArray,
         rootEpoch: Long,
-    ): ReceivedRefounding? = ConcordRefounding.findNewRoot(wraps, baseRekey, recipientSigner, communityId.hexToByteArray(), priorRoot, rootEpoch)
+        accept: (ReceivedRefounding) -> Boolean = { true },
+    ): ReceivedRefounding? = ConcordRefounding.findNewRoot(wraps, baseRekey, recipientSigner, communityId.hexToByteArray(), priorRoot, rootEpoch, accept)
 }
diff --git a/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/actions/ConcordReceive.kt b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/actions/ConcordReceive.kt
index b807ae24de..a915430e90 100644
--- a/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/actions/ConcordReceive.kt
+++ b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/actions/ConcordReceive.kt
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.actions
 
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ConcordCommunityListEntry
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.HeldRoot
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.AuthorityCitation
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.AuthorityResolver
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.ConcordJson
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.ConcordPermissions
@@ -29,6 +30,9 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.ControlEdition
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.ControlEntityKind
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.ControlRootWrap
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.GrantEntity
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey.ConcordRefounding
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey.ConcordRotationAuthority
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey.ReceivedRefounding
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.crypto.ConcordKeyDerivation
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.HexKey
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.hexToByteArray
@@ -106,6 +110,71 @@ object ConcordReceive {
         rotator: HexKey,
     ): Boolean = authority.isOwner(rotator) || authority.hasPermission(rotator, ConcordPermissions.BAN)
 
+    /**
+     * Whether a received base rotation may be adopted (CORD-06 §3 "Authority"): its rotator holds
+     * BAN (or is the owner) in our fold, AND it cites the Grant it acts under (`vac`) at a version
+     * our fold has synced — so a just-demoted admin's rotation is never honored by a client that
+     * lags the demotion, and a rotation citing a Grant we have not seen yet waits for it. The owner
+     * cites nothing. [editions] are the current epoch's Control editions the citation is checked
+     * against.
+     */
+    fun isHonoredRotation(
+        entry: ConcordCommunityListEntry,
+        editions: Collection<ControlEdition>,
+        authority: AuthorityResolver,
+        received: ReceivedRefounding,
+    ): Boolean {
+        if (!isAuthorizedRotator(authority, received.rotator)) return false
+        val heads = ConcordRotationAuthority.headsOf(editions, entry.owner)
+        return ConcordRotationAuthority.citationSatisfied(entry.id, received.rotator, entry.owner, received.authority, heads)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The `vac` citation [actor] stamps on a rotation it launches (CORD-06 §3): their own Grant's
+     * head in our fold, or null for the owner (who cites nothing).
+     */
+    fun rotationCitation(
+        entry: ConcordCommunityListEntry,
+        editions: Collection<ControlEdition>,
+        actor: HexKey,
+    ): AuthorityCitation? = ConcordRotationAuthority.citationFor(entry.id, actor, entry.owner, ConcordRotationAuthority.headsOf(editions, entry.owner))
+
+    /**
+     * The down-only same-epoch heal (CORD-06 §3): [entry] holds a root at its current epoch, and
+     * [sibling] is a rotation to that same epoch (from the same prior root) that we did not adopt.
+     * Returns the entry moved onto the sibling when its root is **strictly lower** — the losing
+     * (higher) root we held is kept as a held root of the same epoch, so the messages sent into
+     * that fork stay readable — or null when the sibling does not win.
+     *
+     * The losing root keeps no control material: its Control Plane is the losing fork's
+     * compaction, not the community's ([ConcordRefounding.canonicalHeldRoots] never folds it).
+     */
+    fun withHealedRoot(
+        entry: ConcordCommunityListEntry,
+        sibling: ReceivedRefounding,
+    ): ConcordCommunityListEntry? {
+        if (sibling.newEpoch != entry.rootEpoch) return null
+        if (!ConcordRefounding.healsTo(entry.root.hexToByteArray(), sibling.newRoot)) return null
+        return ConcordCommunityListEntry(
+            id = entry.id,
+            owner = entry.owner,
+            ownerSalt = entry.ownerSalt,
+            root = sibling.newRoot.toHexKey(),
+            rootEpoch = entry.rootEpoch,
+            // The control pair is the winner's blob's, never inherited from the losing fork.
+            controlPk = sibling.newControlPk?.toHexKey(),
+            controlRoot = sibling.newControlRoot?.toHexKey(),
+            heldRoots = (entry.heldRoots + HeldRoot(entry.rootEpoch, entry.root)).distinctBy { it.epoch to it.key.lowercase() },
+            privateChannels = entry.privateChannels,
+            relays = entry.relays,
+            name = entry.name,
+            addedAt = entry.addedAt,
+            inviteRef = entry.inviteRef,
+            excludedAtEpoch = entry.excludedAtEpoch,
+            residue = entry.residue,
+        )
+    }
+
     /**
      * The entry that results from adopting a base rotation to [newEpoch] — a pure rewrite, so the
      * caller can diff, persist and publish it however its platform does.
@@ -133,7 +202,9 @@ object ConcordReceive {
             rootEpoch = newEpoch,
             controlPk = newControlPk?.toHexKey(),
             controlRoot = newControlRoot?.toHexKey(),
-            heldRoots = (entry.heldRoots + HeldRoot(entry.rootEpoch, entry.root, entry.controlPk, entry.controlRoot)).distinctBy { it.epoch },
+            // Keyed by (epoch, key), not epoch alone: a healed race leaves a losing fork's root at the
+            // same epoch, kept so its messages stay readable (CORD-06 §3).
+            heldRoots = (entry.heldRoots + HeldRoot(entry.rootEpoch, entry.root, entry.controlPk, entry.controlRoot)).distinctBy { it.epoch to it.key.lowercase() },
             privateChannels = entry.privateChannels,
             relays = entry.relays,
             name = entry.name,
diff --git a/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/actions/ConcordSubscriptionPlanner.kt b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/actions/ConcordSubscriptionPlanner.kt
index 3215cbc06d..4596cc8327 100644
--- a/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/actions/ConcordSubscriptionPlanner.kt
+++ b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/actions/ConcordSubscriptionPlanner.kt
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ConcordCommunityListEntr
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ConcordCommunityState
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ConcordDissolution
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord03Channels.ConcordChannelId
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey.ConcordRefounding
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.envelope.ConcordStreamEnvelope
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.HexKey
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.hexToByteArray
@@ -78,7 +79,9 @@ object ConcordSubscriptionPlanner {
             // the entry, per epoch, exactly as it was delivered.
             val cp = ConcordActions.controlPlaneKeysFor(e)
             val historical =
-                e.heldRoots
+                // Losing-fork roots of a healed race are kept for their messages only (CORD-06 §3).
+                ConcordRefounding
+                    .canonicalHeldRoots(e.heldRoots)
                     .filter { it.epoch < e.rootEpoch }
                     .sortedByDescending { it.epoch }
                     .take(ConcordActions.MAX_BACKFILL_EPOCHS)
@@ -104,10 +107,13 @@ object ConcordSubscriptionPlanner {
             val guestbook = ConcordActions.guestbookPlane(root, communityId, e.rootEpoch)
             val nextRekey = ConcordActions.nextBaseRekeyPlane(root, communityId, e.rootEpoch)
             val dissolved = ConcordDissolution.planeKey(e.id)
-            listOf(
+            val sibling = ConcordActions.siblingBaseRekeyPlane(e)
+            listOfNotNull(
                 ConcordPlaneSub(channelId = null, pubKeyHex = guestbook.publicKeyHex, relays = relays),
                 ConcordPlaneSub(channelId = null, pubKeyHex = nextRekey.publicKeyHex, relays = relays),
                 ConcordPlaneSub(channelId = null, pubKeyHex = dissolved.publicKeyHex, relays = relays),
+                // The current epoch's own rekey address, so a racing sibling can heal us (CORD-06 §3).
+                sibling?.let { ConcordPlaneSub(channelId = null, pubKeyHex = it.publicKeyHex, relays = relays) },
             )
         }
 
diff --git a/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/model/AccountConcordActions.kt b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/model/AccountConcordActions.kt
index 7af62cb035..ba8bbd6892 100644
--- a/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/model/AccountConcordActions.kt
+++ b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/model/AccountConcordActions.kt
@@ -52,6 +52,10 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord05Invites.ConcordInviteListEvent
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord05Invites.ConcordInviteListTombstone
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord05Invites.InviteBundleStatus
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord05Invites.InviteRelayDictionary
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey.ConcordRefounding
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey.IncompleteControlPlaneException
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey.PendingRefounding
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey.ReceivedRefounding
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.crypto.ControlPlaneKeys
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.crypto.GroupKey
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.envelope.ConcordStreamEnvelope
@@ -59,7 +63,9 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.Event
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.HexKey
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.hexToByteArray
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.toHexKey
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.relay.client.accessories.PagedFetchResult
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.relay.client.accessories.fetchAll
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.relay.client.accessories.fetchAllPages
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.relay.client.accessories.fetchAllPagesFromPool
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.relay.client.accessories.fetchAllWithHooks
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.relay.client.accessories.publishAndConfirm
@@ -77,6 +83,9 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.utils.concurrent.ConcurrentSet
 import kotlinx.coroutines.async
 import kotlinx.coroutines.awaitAll
 import kotlinx.coroutines.coroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableStateFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.StateFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asStateFlow
 
 /** Name of the default Concord community Admin role minted by "Make admin". */
 private const val CONCORD_ADMIN_ROLE = "Admin"
@@ -98,6 +107,9 @@ private const val RECOVERY_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS = 15 * 60 * 1000L
  */
 private const val MAX_REFOUNDING_RECIPIENTS = 5_000
 
+/** A lowercase 32-byte hex key (the Guestbook `invite` tag's creator). */
+private val HEX64 = Regex("^[0-9a-f]{64}$")
+
 /**
  * Concord (encrypted communities) orchestration for an [Account]: join/create/
  * invite flows, channel messages/reactions/edits/typing, roles and moderation,
@@ -293,7 +305,7 @@ class AccountConcordActions(
                             val token = link.token.hexToByteArray()
                             // Classify per coordinate, never over the pooled set: one link's newer
                             // revocation tombstone must not decide another link's status.
-                            val current = ConcordActions.classifyInvite(wrapsByAuthor[author].orEmpty(), token) as? InviteBundleStatus.Live ?: return@runCatching false
+                            val current = ConcordActions.classifyInvite(wrapsByAuthor[author].orEmpty(), author, token) as? InviteBundleStatus.Live ?: return@runCatching false
                             val moved =
                                 current.invite.copy(
                                     communityRoot = entry.root,
@@ -351,7 +363,11 @@ class AccountConcordActions(
                 // The joiner can never derive the Control Plane address, so the bundle carries
                 // it (CORD-05 §1). Null on a legacy community, which has none to carry.
                 controlPk = entry.controlPk,
+                // Attribution the joiner echoes in their Guestbook Join (CORD-05 §1).
+                creator = account.signer.pubKey,
             )
+        // The fragment carries at most 3 bootstrap relays (CORD-05 §3); the codec truncates a longer
+        // list (the stock set stays a single flag), and the bundle keeps the full relay set.
         val minted = ConcordActions.mintInviteLink(base, invite, TimeUtils.now(), entry.relays)
 
         val publishTo = entry.relays.mapNotNullTo(mutableSetOf()) { RelayUrlNormalizer.normalizeOrNull(it) }.ifEmpty { account.outboxRelays.flow.value }
@@ -496,7 +512,7 @@ class AccountConcordActions(
         // stale openable copy) so we honour revocation and can tell the user *why* a link won't open
         // instead of stranding them on a spinner that retries a link we can never redeem.
         val bundle =
-            when (val status = ConcordActions.classifyInvite(wraps, parsed.fragment.token)) {
+            when (val status = ConcordActions.classifyInvite(wraps, parsed.linkSignerPubKey, parsed.fragment.token)) {
                 is InviteBundleStatus.Live -> status.invite
                 is InviteBundleStatus.Expired -> return ConcordInviteResult.Expired
                 InviteBundleStatus.Revoked -> return ConcordInviteResult.Revoked
@@ -508,10 +524,25 @@ class AccountConcordActions(
         // Guestbook JOIN (kind 3306) would spam the community relays with a fresh join every time an
         // old invite is reopened, so short-circuit to Joined — the screen forwards to the community
         // either way ("take me there", not "join again").
-        if (account.concordChannelList.liveCommunities.value
-                .any { it.id == bundle.communityId }
-        ) {
-            return ConcordInviteResult.Joined(bundle.communityId)
+        //
+        // The one exception is a membership a Refounding left behind: the background sweep only
+        // DETECTS that (a bundle may never move a held community's base on its own, CORD-06 §2), so
+        // the user explicitly re-accepting the link is the way forward — the same trust decision as
+        // their first join, taken by them.
+        val held =
+            account.concordChannelList.liveCommunities.value
+                .firstOrNull { it.id == bundle.communityId }
+        var rejoined: ConcordCommunityListEntry? = null
+        if (held != null) {
+            val heldState =
+                account.concordSessions
+                    .sessionFor(held.id)
+                    ?.state
+                    ?.value
+            // Death wins every race (CORD-02 §9): nothing moves a dissolved community forward.
+            if (heldState == null || heldState.dissolved) return ConcordInviteResult.Joined(bundle.communityId)
+            rejoined = ConcordActions.rejoinStranded(held, bundle, heldState.authority.isBanned(account.signer.pubKey))
+                ?: return ConcordInviteResult.Joined(bundle.communityId)
         }
 
         // Refuse a link that readmits us after we were removed. A Refounding re-mints every
@@ -550,6 +581,19 @@ class AccountConcordActions(
             return ConcordInviteResult.Banned
         }
 
+        // Invite attribution (CORD-05 §1): the joiner echoes the link's creator + label in their
+        // Guestbook Join, which is what makes per-link usage counters possible.
+        val inviteCreator = bundle.creatorNpub?.lowercase()?.takeIf { HEX64.matches(it) }
+        val inviteLabel = bundle.label?.takeIf { inviteCreator != null && it.isNotBlank() }
+
+        if (rejoined != null) {
+            if (!adoptedConcordRotations.add("${rejoined.id}:${rejoined.rootEpoch}")) return ConcordInviteResult.Joined(bundle.communityId)
+            Log.i("Concord") { "Stranded rejoin by explicit invite: ${rejoined.id} -> epoch ${rejoined.rootEpoch}" }
+            joinConcordCommunity(rejoined, inviteCreator, inviteLabel)
+            _strandedConcordCommunities.value -= rejoined.id
+            return ConcordInviteResult.Joined(bundle.communityId)
+        }
+
         val entry =
             ConcordCommunityListEntry(
                 id = bundle.communityId,
@@ -568,7 +612,7 @@ class AccountConcordActions(
                 // recoverStrandedConcordCommunities().
                 inviteRef = ConcordActions.bareInviteRef(url),
             )
-        joinConcordCommunity(entry)
+        joinConcordCommunity(entry, inviteCreator, inviteLabel)
         return ConcordInviteResult.Joined(bundle.communityId)
     }
 
@@ -1081,6 +1125,12 @@ class AccountConcordActions(
         if (!account.isWriteable()) return false
         val session = account.concordSessions.sessionFor(communityId) ?: return false
         val state = session.state.value ?: return false
+        // Death wins every race (CORD-02 §9): no epoch advance past a tombstone is honored, so a
+        // Refounding of a dissolved community would only strand whoever follows it.
+        if (state.dissolved) {
+            Log.w("Concord") { "Refusing to refound ${session.entry.id}: the community was dissolved (CORD-02 §9)" }
+            return false
+        }
         val authority = state.authority
         // hasPermission, not effectivePermissions: a Refounding is the hardest action in the protocol
         // and this guard used to ignore the banlist, so a banned BAN-holder could launch one from the
@@ -1102,6 +1152,19 @@ class AccountConcordActions(
         // compaction), so on a split epoch it takes the current control_root (CORD-02 §2). A
         // rank-qualified refounder whose secret hasn't arrived yet must wait for re-delivery.
         val cp = controlKeysForWrite(session) ?: return false
+        val entry = session.entry
+        val publishTo = entry.relays.mapNotNullTo(mutableSetOf()) { RelayUrlNormalizer.normalizeOrNull(it) }
+        if (publishTo.isEmpty()) return false
+
+        // 0. Acquire the whole Control Plane BEFORE the first publish (CORD-06 §3: "If the Refounder
+        //    cannot reliably fold all Control events, the Refounding must be aborted"). The live
+        //    buffer is whatever the subscription happened to deliver; a paged sweep that a majority
+        //    of the community's relays drained is what makes the compaction the whole plane.
+        val swept = sweepConcordControlPlane(cp.address, publishTo)
+        if (swept == null) {
+            Log.w("Concord") { "Refounding ${entry.id} aborted: too few relays served the whole Control Plane" }
+            return false
+        }
 
         // 1. Ban the removed members on the current Control Plane so the compacted snapshot —
         //    and thus the new epoch — carries the ban. publishConcordWrap folds it in locally
@@ -1121,7 +1184,7 @@ class AccountConcordActions(
         //
         //    Still a floor, not a census (see allMembers): a member who joined without a Guestbook
         //    motion, holds no role, and has never posted leaves no trace to find, so a Refounding
-        //    cannot re-key them. Stranded recovery is what gets those members back.
+        //    cannot re-key them.
         val recipients =
             (session.allMembers() + account.signer.pubKey)
                 .mapTo(HashSet()) { it.lowercase() }
@@ -1131,52 +1194,113 @@ class AccountConcordActions(
                 }.let { candidates -> boundRecipients(candidates, authority) }
 
         // 3. Build the refounding: new root, compacted Control Plane, per-recipient rekey blobs.
-        val entry = session.entry
-        val newRoot = RandomInstance.bytes(32)
-        // A fresh control_root is minted beside the new root at every Refounding (CORD-02 §2),
-        // so a demoted staffer's retained secret dies with the epoch — and a legacy community
-        // upgrades to the split as a side effect of its next ban (CORD-06 §3).
-        val newControlRoot = RandomInstance.bytes(32)
+        //    The keys are RESERVED per (epoch, prior root): a retry after a failed publish re-delivers
+        //    the same root instead of minting a sibling that would split the members (CORD-06 §3).
+        //    A fresh control_root rides beside the new root at every Refounding (CORD-02 §2), so a
+        //    demoted staffer's retained secret dies with the epoch — and a legacy community upgrades
+        //    to the split as a side effect of its next ban (CORD-06 §3).
+        val priorRoot = entry.root.hexToByteArray()
+        val keys = ConcordRefounding.reserveKeys(pendingConcordRefoundings[entry.id], entry.id, entry.rootEpoch, priorRoot)
+        pendingConcordRefoundings[entry.id] = keys
+        val editions = session.controlEditions()
+        // The rotation cites the Grant it acts under (CORD-06 §3 "Authority"); the owner cites none.
+        // A non-owner with no Grant in our own fold has nothing to cite, so no receiver would honor it.
+        val citation = ConcordReceive.rotationCitation(entry, editions, account.signer.pubKey)
+        if (citation == null && !authority.isOwner(account.signer.pubKey)) {
+            Log.w("Concord") { "Refounding ${entry.id} aborted: no Grant of ours to cite (CORD-06 §3)" }
+            return false
+        }
         // The staff set the new secret goes to: the owner plus everyone holding a
         // Control-writing bit (CORD-04 §3). They get the 136-byte blob, every other
         // recipient the 104-byte one carrying the pubkey alone. (The builder mints a
         // blob per recipient, so staff who aren't recipients are simply never reached.)
         val staff = authority.staffMembers()
         val build =
-            ConcordActions.buildRefounding(
-                rotatorSigner = account.signer,
-                communityId = communityId,
-                priorRoot = entry.root.hexToByteArray(),
-                newRoot = newRoot,
-                newControlRoot = newControlRoot,
-                rootEpoch = entry.rootEpoch,
-                priorControlWraps = session.controlPlaneWraps(),
-                priorControlKeys = cp,
-                recipientsXOnly = recipients,
-                staffXOnly = staff,
-                createdAt = TimeUtils.now(),
-                ownerPubKey = entry.owner,
-            )
+            try {
+                ConcordActions.buildRefounding(
+                    rotatorSigner = account.signer,
+                    communityId = communityId,
+                    priorRoot = priorRoot,
+                    newRoot = keys.newRoot,
+                    newControlRoot = keys.newControlRoot,
+                    rootEpoch = entry.rootEpoch,
+                    priorControlWraps = (session.controlPlaneWraps() + swept).distinctBy { it.id },
+                    priorControlKeys = cp,
+                    recipientsXOnly = recipients,
+                    staffXOnly = staff,
+                    createdAt = TimeUtils.now(),
+                    ownerPubKey = entry.owner,
+                    authority = citation,
+                    // Every head our own fold honors must survive into the new epoch.
+                    mustCarry = ConcordRefounding.headVersions(editions, entry.owner),
+                )
+            } catch (e: IncompleteControlPlaneException) {
+                Log.w("Concord", "Refounding ${entry.id} aborted: the Control Plane could not be folded in full", e)
+                return false
+            }
 
-        // 4. Publish the compacted Control Plane (the new epoch's state) then the rekey blobs
-        //    (the key that unlocks it) to the community relays.
-        val publishTo = entry.relays.mapNotNullTo(mutableSetOf()) { RelayUrlNormalizer.normalizeOrNull(it) }
-        if (publishTo.isNotEmpty()) {
-            build.controlWraps.forEach { account.client.publish(it, publishTo) }
-            build.rekeyWraps.forEach { account.client.publish(it, publishTo) }
+        // 4. The root roll FIRST, each chunk confirmed (CORD-06 §3): the compacted plane is
+        //    republished only after the rekey blobs are known to have landed. A chunk no relay
+        //    accepted aborts here with nothing adopted; the reserved keys make the retry idempotent.
+        for (wrap in build.rekeyWraps) {
+            if (!runCatching { account.client.publishAndConfirm(wrap, publishTo) }.getOrDefault(false)) {
+                Log.w("Concord") { "Refounding ${entry.id} aborted: a rekey chunk was not accepted by any relay; retrying reuses the same root" }
+                return false
+            }
         }
 
-        // 5. Adopt the new epoch ourselves. This rebuilds our session under the new root and
-        //    re-folds the compacted Control Plane (with the ban), dropping the removed members.
-        val adopted = adoptConcordRoot(entry, newRoot, build.newEpoch, build.newControlKeys.address.hexToByteArray(), newControlRoot)
+        // 5. The compacted Control Plane, at the new epoch's address. The root roll is committed, so
+        //    a head that fails to land is reported, not rolled back — members already hold the new
+        //    root, and the next Refounding re-compacts from the same signed heads.
+        var compactionLanded = true
+        for (wrap in build.controlWraps) {
+            if (!runCatching { account.client.publishAndConfirm(wrap, publishTo) }.getOrDefault(false)) compactionLanded = false
+        }
+        if (!compactionLanded) Log.w("Concord") { "Refounding ${entry.id}: some compacted Control Plane heads were not accepted at epoch ${build.newEpoch}" }
 
-        // 6. Move every link we minted to the new epoch. Without this the Refounding orphans them,
+        // 6. Adopt the new epoch ourselves. This rebuilds our session under the new root and
+        //    re-folds the compacted Control Plane (with the ban), dropping the removed members.
+        val adopted = adoptConcordRoot(entry, keys.newRoot, build.newEpoch, build.newControlKeys.address.hexToByteArray(), keys.newControlRoot)
+        pendingConcordRefoundings.remove(entry.id)
+
+        // 7. Move every link we minted to the new epoch. Without this the Refounding orphans them,
         //    and a member it left out — no rekey blob, no message to miss — has no way back at all.
         //    Uses the entry adoption just wrote: `liveCommunities` decrypts asynchronously, so
         //    reading it here would hand us the epoch we just left and re-mint every link onto it.
         val moved = adopted?.let { refreshConcordInviteLinks(it) } ?: 0
         Log.i("Concord") { "Refounding ${entry.id}: refreshed $moved invite link(s) to epoch ${build.newEpoch}" }
-        return true
+        return compactionLanded
+    }
+
+    // Keys reserved for a Refounding in flight, per community (CORD-06 §3): a retry of the same
+    // rotation reuses them. Process-local — a restart mid-rotation mints afresh, which is why the
+    // rekey chunks are all confirmed before anything is adopted.
+    private val pendingConcordRefoundings = ConcurrentMap<String, PendingRefounding>()
+
+    /**
+     * Pages the whole Control Plane at [address] off every relay in [relays], or null when fewer
+     * than a majority of them drained it (a dead relay must not block rotation forever, but too few
+     * would compact a partial plane and roll the community back for everyone who follows).
+     */
+    private suspend fun sweepConcordControlPlane(
+        address: HexKey,
+        relays: Set<NormalizedRelayUrl>,
+    ): List<Event>? {
+        val filter = ConcordActions.planeFilter(address)
+        val perRelay =
+            coroutineScope {
+                relays
+                    .map { relay ->
+                        async {
+                            val events = ArrayList<Event>()
+                            val result = runCatching { account.client.fetchAllPages(relay, listOf(filter)) { events.add(it) } }.getOrNull()
+                            if (result?.end == PagedFetchResult.End.DRAINED) events else null
+                        }
+                    }.awaitAll()
+            }
+        val drained = perRelay.filterNotNull()
+        if (drained.size < relays.size / 2 + 1) return null
+        return drained.flatten().distinctBy { it.id }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1269,43 +1393,79 @@ class AccountConcordActions(
      *
      * A rotation carries only (newRoot, newEpoch, rotator); there is no recipient list,
      * so a receiver cannot tell who was left out, and a BAN-holder can evict anyone (the
-     * owner included) by omission — nothing on this receive path can prevent it. The
-     * cure is after the fact: see [recoverStrandedConcordCommunities], which re-resolves
-     * the invite link the membership was joined through and merges forward.
+     * owner included) by omission — nothing on this receive path can prevent it.
+     * [recoverStrandedConcordCommunities] detects it; re-opening the invite link rejoins.
+     *
+     * Also runs the same-epoch race heal (CORD-06 §3): racing rotations converge on the
+     * lowest authorized root, and a sibling seen after we adopted replaces our root only
+     * when strictly lower. Nothing is adopted for a dissolved community (CORD-02 §9).
      */
     internal suspend fun drainConcordRekeys() {
         if (!account.isWriteable()) return
         for (session in account.concordSessions.sessions()) {
-            val wraps = session.pendingBaseRekeyWraps()
-            if (wraps.isEmpty()) continue
             val entry = session.entry
-            val received =
+            val state = session.state.value ?: continue
+            // Death wins every race (CORD-02 §9): no epoch advance past a tombstone is honored.
+            if (state.dissolved) continue
+            val authority = state.authority
+            val editions = session.controlEditions()
+            // Authority is the roster plus the cited Grant, never key possession (CORD-06 §3):
+            // hasPermission (not effectivePermissions, which ignores the banlist) and a `vac` our
+            // fold has synced, so a just-demoted admin's rotation is not honored while we lag.
+            val honored = { r: ReceivedRefounding -> ConcordReceive.isHonoredRotation(entry, editions, authority, r) }
+
+            val wraps = session.pendingBaseRekeyWraps()
+            if (wraps.isNotEmpty()) {
+                // Racing authorized rotations converge on the lowest new root (CORD-06 §3).
+                val received =
+                    ConcordActions.openBaseRekey(
+                        wraps = wraps,
+                        baseRekey = session.nextBaseRekeyKey(),
+                        recipientSigner = account.signer,
+                        communityId = entry.id,
+                        priorRoot = entry.root.hexToByteArray(),
+                        rootEpoch = entry.rootEpoch,
+                        accept = honored,
+                    )
+                if (received != null && received.newEpoch > entry.rootEpoch) {
+                    val adopted = adoptConcordRoot(entry, received.newRoot, received.newEpoch, received.newControlPk, received.newControlRoot)
+                    // A rotation we did not launch superseded the one we may have had in flight.
+                    pendingConcordRefoundings.remove(entry.id)
+                    // Move our own links onto the epoch we just adopted. Rotating is not the only way
+                    // to end up on a new epoch — being re-keyed is the common one — and a link creator
+                    // who is merely re-keyed would otherwise leave every link they handed out pointing
+                    // at the dead root.
+                    adopted?.let { next ->
+                        val moved = refreshConcordInviteLinks(next)
+                        if (moved > 0) Log.i("Concord") { "Rekey ${next.id}: refreshed $moved invite link(s) to epoch ${received.newEpoch}" }
+                    }
+                    continue
+                }
+            }
+
+            // The same-epoch heal (CORD-06 §3): a racing rotation into the epoch we hold, sealed under
+            // the same prior root, wins only when its root is strictly lower. Our losing root stays
+            // held so the messages sent into that fork stay readable.
+            val siblingKey = session.siblingBaseRekeyKey() ?: continue
+            val siblingWraps = session.pendingSiblingRekeyWraps()
+            if (siblingWraps.isEmpty()) continue
+            val prior = ConcordRefounding.canonicalHeldRoots(entry.heldRoots).firstOrNull { it.epoch == entry.rootEpoch - 1 } ?: continue
+            val sibling =
                 ConcordActions.openBaseRekey(
-                    wraps = wraps,
-                    baseRekey = session.nextBaseRekeyKey(),
+                    wraps = siblingWraps,
+                    baseRekey = siblingKey,
                     recipientSigner = account.signer,
                     communityId = entry.id,
-                    priorRoot = entry.root.hexToByteArray(),
-                    rootEpoch = entry.rootEpoch,
+                    priorRoot = prior.key.hexToByteArray(),
+                    rootEpoch = prior.epoch,
+                    accept = honored,
                 ) ?: continue
-            if (received.newEpoch <= entry.rootEpoch) continue
-            val authority = session.state.value?.authority ?: continue
-
-            // hasPermission, not effectivePermissions: the latter ignores the banlist, so a BAN-holder
-            // who has themselves been banned could still rotate the whole community.
-            val authorized = authority.isOwner(received.rotator) || authority.hasPermission(received.rotator, ConcordPermissions.BAN)
-            if (!authorized) continue
-            val adopted = adoptConcordRoot(entry, received.newRoot, received.newEpoch, received.newControlPk, received.newControlRoot)
-
-            // Move our own links onto the epoch we just adopted. Rotating is not the only way to end
-            // up on a new epoch — being re-keyed is the common one — and a link creator who is merely
-            // re-keyed would otherwise leave every link they handed out pointing at the dead root,
-            // which is exactly the orphaning this branch exists to stop. Stranded recovery reads the
-            // bundle's epoch, so a link nobody re-mints is a member nobody can recover.
-            adopted?.let { next ->
-                val moved = refreshConcordInviteLinks(next)
-                if (moved > 0) Log.i("Concord") { "Rekey ${next.id}: refreshed $moved invite link(s) to epoch ${received.newEpoch}" }
-            }
+            val healed = ConcordReceive.withHealedRoot(entry, sibling) ?: continue
+            if (!adoptedConcordRotations.add("${healed.id}:${healed.rootEpoch}:${healed.root}")) continue
+            Log.i("Concord") { "Rekey race ${entry.id}: epoch ${entry.rootEpoch} converged on the lower sibling root" }
+            account.sendMyPublicAndPrivateOutbox(account.concordChannelList.follow(healed))
+            announceConcordGuestbookJoin(healed, inviteCreator = null, inviteLabel = null)
+            refreshConcordInviteLinks(healed)
         }
     }
 
@@ -1341,6 +1501,14 @@ class AccountConcordActions(
         }
     }
 
+    private val _strandedConcordCommunities = MutableStateFlow<Set<String>>(emptySet())
+
+    /**
+     * Communities whose own invite link resolves to a higher epoch than we hold — a Refounding left
+     * us behind (see [recoverStrandedConcordCommunities]). Re-opening that link rejoins them.
+     */
+    val strandedConcordCommunities: StateFlow<Set<String>> = _strandedConcordCommunities.asStateFlow()
+
     // Last time we re-resolved each community's invite_ref, so the recovery sweep rides the
     // Concord revision tick (which fires on every structural change) without turning it into a
     // relay-fetch loop.
@@ -1354,20 +1522,18 @@ class AccountConcordActions(
      * included, and [drainConcordRekeys] cannot prevent it: there is no message to
      * miss detecting.
      *
-     * The way back is the invite link the membership was joined through
+     * The signal is the invite link the membership was joined through
      * ([ConcordCommunityListEntry.inviteRef], persisted by [joinConcordViaInvite] and
      * carried through every rotation by [adoptConcordRoot]). The community keeps
      * re-minting its bundle at that same addressable coordinate, so a bundle there at
-     * a **strictly higher** epoch than ours proves we were left behind — and carries
-     * the new root. Same or lower epoch is a no-op. Memberships with no link (direct
-     * invites, legacy entries) are inert here; that is expected, not an error.
+     * a **strictly higher** epoch than ours says we were left behind. Memberships with
+     * no link (direct invites, legacy entries) are inert here.
      *
-     * The merge itself ([ConcordActions.recoverStranded]) is epoch-monotonic and keeps
-     * both the `invite_ref` anchor (so the *next* exclusion is recoverable too) and the
-     * entry's [HeldRoot]s (so prior-epoch history the member legitimately holds stays
-     * derivable). We then re-announce the Guestbook at the new epoch, exactly as an
-     * ordinary rotation does, so the recovered member is visible to whoever refounds
-     * next instead of being silently dropped again.
+     * Detection ONLY ([strandedConcordCommunities]). The bundle is not proof of
+     * continuity — nothing binds `community_root` to `community_id` — so adopting its
+     * root here would let any link creator relocate every member who joined through
+     * their link (CORD-06 §2: the base advances only by a verifiable rekey). The way
+     * forward is the user explicitly re-opening the link ([joinConcordViaInvite]).
      *
      * Called on the Concord revision tick, but rate-limited per community
      * ([RECOVERY_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS]) — a tick with nothing to do costs a map lookup.
@@ -1381,6 +1547,21 @@ class AccountConcordActions(
             if (last != null && now - last < RECOVERY_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS) continue
             lastConcordRecoveryCheck[entry.id] = now
 
+            // Fails CLOSED: no fold, no verdict — a banned member's cold-start window must not read
+            // as "not banned". Retried on the next sweep once the roster is known.
+            val state =
+                account.concordSessions
+                    .sessionFor(entry.id)
+                    ?.state
+                    ?.value
+            if (state == null) {
+                Log.i("Concord") { "Stranded check deferred for ${entry.id}: control plane not folded yet" }
+                lastConcordRecoveryCheck.remove(entry.id)
+                continue
+            }
+            // Death wins every race (CORD-02 §9): a dissolved community is never "behind".
+            if (state.dissolved) continue
+
             val parsed = ConcordActions.parseInviteLink(inviteRef) ?: continue
             val relays =
                 (
@@ -1391,36 +1572,14 @@ class AccountConcordActions(
 
             val filters = relays.associateWith { listOf(ConcordActions.bundleFilter(parsed.linkSignerPubKey)) }
             val wraps = account.client.fetchAll(filters = filters)
-            // Only a live bundle recovers: an expired/revoked link is not a rotation we missed.
-            val bundle = (ConcordActions.classifyInvite(wraps, parsed.fragment.token) as? InviteBundleStatus.Live)?.invite ?: continue
+            // Only a live bundle counts: an expired/revoked link is not a rotation we missed.
+            val bundle = (ConcordActions.classifyInvite(wraps, parsed.linkSignerPubKey, parsed.fragment.token) as? InviteBundleStatus.Live)?.invite ?: continue
 
-            // A removed member holds the link's unlock token forever, so without this the sweep
-            // walks them straight back into the epoch they were rotated out of — see A2 in
-            // docs/concord-soft-ban-audit.md. Read off the epoch we are LEAVING, which is the last
-            // one whose Control Plane we can still fold.
-            //
-            // Fails CLOSED. `?.isBanned(..) == true` reads "not banned" for a session that does not
-            // exist yet or whose first fold has not landed, and this sweep runs on the revision tick
-            // — so a banned member's own client would have hit that window on cold start and
-            // recovered itself, which is precisely the bypass this gate exists to stop. No verdict
-            // means no recovery; the next sweep retries once the roster is known.
-            val authority =
-                account.concordSessions
-                    .sessionFor(entry.id)
-                    ?.state
-                    ?.value
-                    ?.authority
-            if (authority == null) {
-                Log.i("Concord") { "Stranded-recovery check deferred for ${entry.id}: control plane not folded yet" }
-                lastConcordRecoveryCheck.remove(entry.id)
-                continue
-            }
-            val bannedHere = authority.isBanned(account.signer.pubKey)
-            val merged = ConcordActions.recoverStranded(entry, bundle, bannedHere) ?: continue
-            if (!adoptedConcordRotations.add("${entry.id}:${merged.rootEpoch}")) continue
-            Log.i("Concord") { "Stranded recovery: ${entry.id} ${entry.rootEpoch} -> ${merged.rootEpoch}" }
-            account.sendMyPublicAndPrivateOutbox(account.concordChannelList.follow(merged))
-            announceConcordGuestbookJoin(merged, inviteCreator = null, inviteLabel = null)
+            // Detection only (CORD-06 §2): the bundle is not proof of continuity, so it never moves
+            // our base. The user re-accepting the link is the way forward (joinConcordViaInvite).
+            val stranded = ConcordActions.isStranded(entry, bundle, state.authority.isBanned(account.signer.pubKey))
+            _strandedConcordCommunities.value = if (stranded) _strandedConcordCommunities.value + entry.id else _strandedConcordCommunities.value - entry.id
+            if (stranded) Log.i("Concord") { "Stranded: ${entry.id} is at epoch ${entry.rootEpoch}, its invite link at ${bundle.rootEpoch}; re-open the link to rejoin" }
         }
     }
 
@@ -1541,7 +1700,13 @@ class AccountConcordActions(
         if (relays.isEmpty()) return null
         val filters = relays.associateWith { listOf(ConcordActions.bundleFilter(parsed.linkSignerPubKey)) }
         val wraps = account.client.fetchAll(filters = filters)
-        return wraps.firstNotNullOfOrNull { ConcordActions.openBundle(it, parsed.fragment.token) }
+        // Resolved like a join (newest per coordinate, signer-verified): a revoked link previews as
+        // nothing, never as the stale bundle a relay still serves. An expired one still renders.
+        return when (val status = ConcordActions.classifyInvite(wraps, parsed.linkSignerPubKey, parsed.fragment.token)) {
+            is InviteBundleStatus.Live -> status.invite
+            is InviteBundleStatus.Expired -> status.invite
+            else -> null
+        }
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/model/concord/ConcordCommunitySession.kt b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/model/concord/ConcordCommunitySession.kt
index 8f40a07e67..626a7d397b 100644
--- a/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/model/concord/ConcordCommunitySession.kt
+++ b/commons/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/model/concord/ConcordCommunitySession.kt
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord03Channels.ChannelChat
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.ControlEdition
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.EditionFold
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.EntityFloor
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey.ConcordRefounding
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.crypto.ControlPlaneKeys
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.crypto.GroupKey
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.envelope.ConcordStreamEnvelope
@@ -138,6 +139,13 @@ class ConcordCommunitySession(
      */
     private val nextBaseRekeyKey: GroupKey = ConcordActions.nextBaseRekeyPlane(root, communityIdBytes, entry.rootEpoch)
 
+    /**
+     * The rekey address the rotation INTO this epoch rode on (from the prior held root), or null
+     * for a joiner who holds no prior root. A racing sibling rotation to this same epoch lands
+     * here; the app drains it for the down-only heal (CORD-06 §3).
+     */
+    private val siblingBaseRekeyKey: GroupKey? = ConcordActions.siblingBaseRekeyPlane(entry)
+
     /**
      * The dissolution tombstone address (CORD-02 §9): derived from the community id alone, so it
      * is the same for every epoch and every member past or present.
@@ -163,6 +171,9 @@ class ConcordCommunitySession(
     /** The next-epoch base-rekey stream address to watch for an inbound Refounding. */
     val nextBaseRekeyAddress: HexKey get() = nextBaseRekeyKey.publicKeyHex
 
+    /** The current epoch's own base-rekey address (see [siblingBaseRekeyKey]), or null. */
+    val siblingBaseRekeyAddress: HexKey? get() = siblingBaseRekeyKey?.publicKeyHex
+
     /**
      * The Control Plane of every **prior** epoch we still hold a root for (address ->
      * key + epoch), newest-held first and bounded like the channel backfill.
@@ -176,7 +187,9 @@ class ConcordCommunitySession(
      * survives a process restart without any new storage.
      */
     private val historicalControlKeys: Map<HexKey, Pair<ControlPlaneKeys, Long>> =
-        entry.heldRoots
+        // Losing-fork roots of a healed race carry no Control Plane of the community's (CORD-06 §3).
+        ConcordRefounding
+            .canonicalHeldRoots(entry.heldRoots)
             .filter { it.epoch < entry.rootEpoch }
             .sortedByDescending { it.epoch }
             .take(ConcordActions.MAX_BACKFILL_EPOCHS)
@@ -238,6 +251,7 @@ class ConcordCommunitySession(
     private val channelWrapsById = HashMap<HexKey, LinkedHashMap<HexKey, Event>>() // channelIdHex -> (wrapId -> wrap)
     private val guestbookWraps = LinkedHashMap<HexKey, Event>()
     private val baseRekeyWraps = LinkedHashMap<HexKey, Event>()
+    private val siblingRekeyWraps = LinkedHashMap<HexKey, Event>()
 
     // channel plane pubkey -> (channelIdHex, key), refreshed on each control re-fold.
     private var channelKeysByAddress = HashMap<HexKey, Pair<HexKey, GroupKey>>()
@@ -328,6 +342,7 @@ class ConcordCommunitySession(
         address == controlPlaneAddress ||
             address == guestbookAddress ||
             address == nextBaseRekeyAddress ||
+            address == siblingBaseRekeyAddress ||
             address == dissolvedAddress ||
             address in historicalControlKeys ||
             lock.withLock { address in channelKeysByAddress || address in historicalChannelKeysByAddress }
@@ -355,6 +370,12 @@ class ConcordCommunitySession(
     /** The buffered kind-3303 base-rotation wraps seen at [nextBaseRekeyAddress], for the account to drain. */
     fun pendingBaseRekeyWraps(): List<Event> = lock.withLock { baseRekeyWraps.values.toList() }
 
+    /** The base-rekey [GroupKey] of the rotation into this epoch (sibling heal), or null. */
+    fun siblingBaseRekeyKey(): GroupKey? = siblingBaseRekeyKey
+
+    /** The buffered kind-3303 wraps seen at [siblingBaseRekeyAddress], for the account's heal drain. */
+    fun pendingSiblingRekeyWraps(): List<Event> = lock.withLock { siblingRekeyWraps.values.toList() }
+
     /**
      * Every stream key whose kind-1059 wraps this session reads: the Control Plane plus
      * one per folded channel. These are the identities a NIP-42 relay must see the
@@ -389,7 +410,7 @@ class ConcordCommunitySession(
      * The auxiliary plane keys (Guestbook, next base-rekey, and the CORD-02 §9 dissolution address)
      * for their own isolated AUTH.
      */
-    fun auxStreamKeys(): List<GroupKey> = listOf(guestbookKey, nextBaseRekeyKey, dissolvedKey)
+    fun auxStreamKeys(): List<GroupKey> = listOfNotNull(guestbookKey, nextBaseRekeyKey, dissolvedKey, siblingBaseRekeyKey)
 
     /** The community's current Control Plane editions — the input a moderation edition chains onto. */
     fun controlEditions(): List<ControlEdition> = lock.withLock { editionsLocked(controlWraps.values.toList(), controlKeys) }
@@ -489,6 +510,11 @@ class ConcordCommunitySession(
                 lock.withLock { baseRekeyWraps[wrap.id] = wrap }
                 return ConcordIngestOutcome.STRUCTURAL
             }
+            siblingBaseRekeyAddress -> {
+                // Same as above for a racing rotation into THIS epoch (the down-only heal).
+                lock.withLock { siblingRekeyWraps[wrap.id] = wrap }
+                return ConcordIngestOutcome.STRUCTURAL
+            }
             else -> {
                 // A prior-epoch Control Plane wrap: buffer it and re-fold, so the anti-rollback
                 // floor rises as the old epochs drain in. Structural — the floor can change the
diff --git a/commons/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/actions/ConcordRotationReceiveTest.kt b/commons/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/actions/ConcordRotationReceiveTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec6ba6a5da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/commons/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/commons/actions/ConcordRotationReceiveTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Vitor Pamplona
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
+ * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.actions
+
+import com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.model.concord.ConcordCommunitySession
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ConcordCommunityFactory
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ConcordCommunityListEntry
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ConcordCommunityState
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.HeldRoot
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.NewConcordCommunity
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.AuthorityCitation
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.ConcordPermissions
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.ControlEdition
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.RoleEntity
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey.ConcordRefounding
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey.ReceivedRefounding
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.crypto.ConcordKeyDerivation
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.Event
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.hexToByteArray
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.toHexKey
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.crypto.KeyPair
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.signers.NostrSigner
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.signers.NostrSignerInternal
+import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
+import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertContentEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+/**
+ * The receive side of CORD-06 rotations as commons wires it: the `vac`-cited authority check a
+ * receiver runs before adopting (I9), racing rotations converging on the lowest authorized root
+ * and the down-only same-epoch heal (I12), and the sibling address a session watches for it.
+ */
+class ConcordRotationReceiveTest {
+    private val owner = NostrSignerInternal(KeyPair())
+    private val admin = NostrSignerInternal(KeyPair())
+    private val member = NostrSignerInternal(KeyPair())
+    private val now = 1_700_000_000L
+
+    private class Fixture(
+        val community: NewConcordCommunity,
+        val editions: List<ControlEdition>,
+    )
+
+    /** A community whose owner granted [admin] a BAN role. */
+    private suspend fun withAdmin(): Fixture {
+        val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Nostrichs", createdAt = 1L, relays = listOf("wss://r.example"))
+        val cp = community.controlPlane
+        val editions = ConcordActions.controlEditions(community.genesisWraps, cp).toMutableList()
+        val roleId = ByteArray(32) { (it + 1).toByte() }
+        val role = RoleEntity(name = "Admin", position = 1, permissions = ConcordPermissions.of(ConcordPermissions.BAN).toWire())
+        editions += ConcordActions.controlEditions(listOf(ConcordModeration.defineRole(owner, cp, roleId, role, editions, createdAt = 2L, owner = community.ownerPubKey)), cp)
+        editions += ConcordActions.controlEditions(listOf(ConcordModeration.grant(owner, cp, community.communityId, admin.pubKey, listOf(roleId.toHexKey()), editions, createdAt = 3L, owner = community.ownerPubKey)), cp)
+        return Fixture(community, editions)
+    }
+
+    private fun entryFor(
+        community: NewConcordCommunity,
+        root: String = community.communityRoot.toHexKey(),
+        epoch: Long = community.rootEpoch,
+        heldRoots: List<HeldRoot> = emptyList(),
+    ) = ConcordCommunityListEntry(
+        id = community.communityIdHex,
+        owner = community.ownerPubKey,
+        ownerSalt = community.ownerSalt.toHexKey(),
+        root = root,
+        rootEpoch = epoch,
+        controlPk = community.controlPkHex,
+        heldRoots = heldRoots,
+        relays = listOf("wss://r.example"),
+        name = "Nostrichs",
+    )
+
+    private suspend fun rotate(
+        community: NewConcordCommunity,
+        rotator: NostrSigner,
+        newRoot: ByteArray,
+        authority: AuthorityCitation?,
+    ): List<Event> {
+        val newEpoch = community.rootEpoch + 1
+        val controlRoot = ByteArray(32) { 0x6B }
+        return ConcordRefounding.buildBaseRekeyWraps(
+            rotatorSigner = rotator,
+            baseRekeyKey = ConcordActions.nextBaseRekeyPlane(community.communityRoot, community.communityId, community.rootEpoch),
+            recipientsXOnly = listOf(member.pubKey),
+            staffXOnly = emptySet(),
+            newRoot = newRoot,
+            newControlPk = ConcordKeyDerivation.controlSignerKey(controlRoot, community.communityId, newEpoch).publicKey,
+            newControlRoot = controlRoot,
+            newEpoch = newEpoch,
+            prevEpoch = community.rootEpoch,
+            prevCommit = ConcordKeyDerivation.epochKeyCommitment(community.rootEpoch, community.communityRoot).toHexKey(),
+            createdAt = now,
+            authority = authority,
+        )
+    }
+
+    private suspend fun receive(
+        f: Fixture,
+        wraps: List<Event>,
+    ): ReceivedRefounding? {
+        val entry = entryFor(f.community)
+        val authority = ConcordCommunityState.fold(f.editions, f.community.ownerPubKey).authority
+        return ConcordActions.openBaseRekey(
+            wraps = wraps,
+            baseRekey = ConcordActions.nextBaseRekeyPlane(f.community.communityRoot, f.community.communityId, f.community.rootEpoch),
+            recipientSigner = member,
+            communityId = f.community.communityIdHex,
+            priorRoot = f.community.communityRoot,
+            rootEpoch = f.community.rootEpoch,
+            accept = { ConcordReceive.isHonoredRotation(entry, f.editions, authority, it) },
+        )
+    }
+
+    // ---- I9 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Test
+    fun anAdminsRotationIsHonoredOnlyWithItsGrantCited() =
+        runTest {
+            val f = withAdmin()
+            val entry = entryFor(f.community)
+            val citation = ConcordReceive.rotationCitation(entry, f.editions, admin.pubKey)
+            assertNotNull(citation, "a BAN-holding admin has a Grant to cite")
+            assertNull(ConcordReceive.rotationCitation(entry, f.editions, owner.pubKey), "the owner cites nothing")
+
+            val root = ByteArray(32) { 0x22 }
+            assertContentEquals(root, receive(f, rotate(f.community, admin, root, citation))?.newRoot)
+            assertNull(receive(f, rotate(f.community, admin, root, authority = null)), "an uncited delegated rotation is dropped")
+            assertContentEquals(root, receive(f, rotate(f.community, owner, root, authority = null))?.newRoot, "the owner needs no citation")
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun aRotationCitingAGrantWeHaveNotSyncedIsParked() =
+        runTest {
+            val f = withAdmin()
+            val real = ConcordReceive.rotationCitation(entryFor(f.community), f.editions, admin.pubKey)!!
+            val ahead = AuthorityCitation(real.grantId, real.grantVersion + 1, real.grantHash)
+            assertNull(receive(f, rotate(f.community, admin, ByteArray(32) { 0x22 }, ahead)))
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun aStrangerCannotRotateEvenCitingSomeonesGrant() =
+        runTest {
+            val f = withAdmin()
+            val stranger = NostrSignerInternal(KeyPair())
+            val adminsCitation = ConcordReceive.rotationCitation(entryFor(f.community), f.editions, admin.pubKey)
+            assertNull(receive(f, rotate(f.community, stranger, ByteArray(32) { 0x22 }, adminsCitation)))
+        }
+
+    // ---- I12 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Test
+    fun racingHonoredRotationsConvergeOnTheLowestRoot() =
+        runTest {
+            val f = withAdmin()
+            val citation = ConcordReceive.rotationCitation(entryFor(f.community), f.editions, admin.pubKey)
+            val high = ByteArray(32) { 0x70 }
+            val low = ByteArray(32) { 0x05 }
+            val wraps = rotate(f.community, owner, high, null) + rotate(f.community, admin, low, citation)
+            assertContentEquals(low, receive(f, wraps)?.newRoot)
+            assertContentEquals(low, receive(f, wraps.reversed())?.newRoot)
+
+            // An uncited (dishonored) lower root never wins the race.
+            val rogue = rotate(f.community, admin, ByteArray(32) { 0x01 }, null)
+            assertContentEquals(high, receive(f, rotate(f.community, owner, high, null) + rogue)?.newRoot)
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun theHealMovesOnlyToAStrictlyLowerSiblingAndKeepsTheLoser() =
+        runTest {
+            val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Nostrichs", createdAt = 1L)
+            val prior = HeldRoot(0, "aa".repeat(32), community.controlPkHex)
+            val adopted = entryFor(community, root = "70".repeat(32), epoch = 1, heldRoots = listOf(prior))
+
+            fun sibling(root: String) = ReceivedRefounding(root.hexToByteArray(), 1, owner.pubKey, ByteArray(32) { 3 }, null)
+
+            val healed = ConcordReceive.withHealedRoot(adopted, sibling("05".repeat(32)))
+            assertNotNull(healed)
+            assertEquals("05".repeat(32), healed.root)
+            assertEquals(1L, healed.rootEpoch)
+            assertEquals(ByteArray(32) { 3 }.toHexKey(), healed.controlPk, "the control pair is the winner's")
+            assertTrue(healed.heldRoots.any { it.epoch == 1L && it.key == "70".repeat(32) && it.controlPk == null }, "the losing fork's root is kept for its messages")
+            assertEquals(prior.key, ConcordRefounding.canonicalHeldRoots(healed.heldRoots).first { it.epoch == 0L }.key)
+
+            assertNull(ConcordReceive.withHealedRoot(adopted, sibling("90".repeat(32))), "down-only: a higher sibling never re-forks the epoch")
+            assertNull(ConcordReceive.withHealedRoot(adopted, sibling("70".repeat(32))))
+
+            // The next adoption keeps both same-epoch roots instead of collapsing them by epoch.
+            val next = ConcordReceive.withAdoptedRoot(healed, ByteArray(32) { 9 }, 2)
+            assertEquals(
+                setOf("05".repeat(32), "70".repeat(32)),
+                next.heldRoots
+                    .filter { it.epoch == 1L }
+                    .map { it.key }
+                    .toSet(),
+            )
+            assertEquals("05".repeat(32), ConcordRefounding.canonicalHeldRoots(next.heldRoots).first { it.epoch == 1L }.key)
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun aSessionWatchesTheRotationIntoItsOwnEpoch() =
+        runTest {
+            val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Nostrichs", createdAt = 1L)
+            val prior = HeldRoot(community.rootEpoch, community.communityRoot.toHexKey(), community.controlPkHex)
+            val entry = entryFor(community, root = "70".repeat(32), epoch = community.rootEpoch + 1, heldRoots = listOf(prior))
+
+            val sibling = ConcordActions.siblingBaseRekeyPlane(entry)
+            assertNotNull(sibling)
+            assertEquals(ConcordActions.nextBaseRekeyPlane(community.communityRoot, community.communityId, community.rootEpoch).publicKeyHex, sibling.publicKeyHex)
+            assertNull(ConcordActions.siblingBaseRekeyPlane(entryFor(community)), "a joiner holding no prior root has nothing to watch")
+
+            val session = ConcordCommunitySession(entry, member.pubKey)
+            assertEquals(sibling.publicKeyHex, session.siblingBaseRekeyAddress)
+            assertTrue(session.ownsPlane(sibling.publicKeyHex))
+            assertTrue(session.auxStreamKeys().any { it.publicKeyHex == sibling.publicKeyHex })
+
+            val wraps = rotate(community, owner, ByteArray(32) { 0x05 }, null)
+            wraps.forEach { session.ingest(it) }
+            assertEquals(wraps.map { it.id }.toSet(), session.pendingSiblingRekeyWraps().map { it.id }.toSet())
+
+            assertTrue(ConcordSubscriptionPlanner.auxiliaryPlaneSubs(listOf(entry)).any { it.pubKeyHex == sibling.publicKeyHex })
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun aLosingForkRootIsNotFoldedAsAControlPlane() {
+        val community = "11".repeat(32)
+        val entry =
+            ConcordCommunityListEntry(
+                id = community,
+                owner = "22".repeat(32),
+                ownerSalt = "33".repeat(32),
+                root = "44".repeat(32),
+                rootEpoch = 2,
+                heldRoots = listOf(HeldRoot(1, "05".repeat(32)), HeldRoot(1, "70".repeat(32))),
+                relays = listOf("wss://r.example"),
+            )
+        // One Control Plane for epoch 1 (the winner's), plus the current one.
+        assertEquals(2, ConcordSubscriptionPlanner.controlPlaneSubs(listOf(entry)).size)
+        assertFalse(ConcordRefounding.canonicalHeldRoots(entry.heldRoots).any { it.key == "70".repeat(32) })
+    }
+}
diff --git a/quartz/plans/2026-09-29-concord-spec-conformance.md b/quartz/plans/2026-09-29-concord-spec-conformance.md
index 712d3bf2f3..9bfe0606c8 100644
--- a/quartz/plans/2026-09-29-concord-spec-conformance.md
+++ b/quartz/plans/2026-09-29-concord-spec-conformance.md
@@ -43,17 +43,17 @@ Ranked security > interop > feature inside each group.
 | S1 | 02 §9 | Dissolution: no `dissolved_pk` plane, no `eid` binding, spec tombstone (chainless, no `ev`) could not even parse; a vsk-10 Control Plane edition dissolved with no binding check | **fixed** — `ConcordDissolution` (derive, build, verify with `eid == community_id`, 20014 seal, owner author); session + planner subscribe the plane; CLI `amy concord dissolve`; the Control Plane fold no longer reads vsk 10 |
 | S2 | 03 §1-2 | Posts into a `private:true` channel go to the **root-derived** plane every member can decrypt, under a Lock icon; real private channels can't be read | open → chat-plane batch |
 | S3 | 01 Deletions | Deleting your own Concord message sends a *signed* NIP-17 kind 5 to the p-tagged users (leaks the rumor id outside the community) and never reaches the channel | open → chat-plane batch |
-| S4 | 06 §2 | Stranded recovery adopts a bundle's newer `community_root` with no continuity or authority check — a link creator can relocate every member who joined through their link | open → rekey/invite batch |
+| S4 | 06 §2 | Stranded recovery adopts a bundle's newer `community_root` with no continuity or authority check — a link creator can relocate every member who joined through their link | **fixed** — `ConcordStrandedRecovery` only detects (`isStranded`); the background sweep never moves the base (exposes `strandedConcordCommunities`); moving forward from a bundle needs the user to re-open the link (`joinConcordViaInvite`, `amy concord recover --rejoin`). PR #23's accept-time root gate not implemented (text unavailable; genuine owner editions re-wrap into any plane, so it needs the PR's exact rule) |
 | S5 | 04 §1 | Grant `eid` never checked against `grant_locator(cid, member)`; a second grant chain at a random coordinate overrides the canonical one, order-dependent | open → control-plane batch |
 | S6 | 04 §4 | Banlist unions every fork instead of folding to one head; a ban on a losing fork can never be undone; banlist `eid` unchecked | open → control-plane batch |
 | S7 | 04 §1 | Equal-version ties break on rumor id only, not authority-first; a low-ranked holder can grind an id to beat the owner | open → control-plane batch |
 | S8 | 04 §1 | Metadata `eid` not required to equal `community_id`; a fresh coordinate at a high version bypasses the chain | open → control-plane batch |
 | S9 | 02 §5 / App. B | Seal kind never enforced on read (Control must be 20014, Chat/rekey 20013); any rumor kind from a channel lands in `LocalCache` | open → control-plane + chat-plane batches |
 | S10 | App. B | NIP-44 65,535-byte plaintext cap not enforced; quartz silently switches to the extended format strict readers reject | open → chat-plane batch |
-| S11 | 05 §1 | Bundle bounds (channel count, relay cap) not enforced; the join fetches from every relay a bundle names | open → rekey/invite batch |
-| S12 | 06 §3 | Compaction doesn't abort on an incomplete fold, and republishes the compacted plane before the root roll is confirmed | open → rekey/invite batch |
-| S13 | 02 §9 | "Death wins every race": rekey adoption / recovery / refounding don't check for dissolution | open → rekey/invite batch |
-| S14 | 05 §2 | `classify` trusts the relay filter: no signature, `pubkey == link_signer`, or `d == ""` check; a relay can forge a revocation | open → rekey/invite batch |
+| S11 | 05 §1 | Bundle bounds (channel count, relay cap) not enforced; the join fetches from every relay a bundle names | **fixed** — `ConcordInviteBundle.bound`: >256 channels refused, `relays` de-duplicated + truncated to 5, applied in `parse` (link bundles) and `ConcordDirectInvite.parse`; fragments decode ≤3 relays |
+| S12 | 06 §3 | Compaction doesn't abort on an incomplete fold, and republishes the compacted plane before the root roll is confirmed | **fixed** — `compactControlPlane(…, mustCarry)` throws `IncompleteControlPlaneException` on a missing honored head; app sweeps the plane paged (majority of relays DRAINED) and CLI pages it; rekey chunks are `publishAndConfirm`ed first, compaction published only after |
+| S13 | 02 §9 | "Death wins every race": rekey adoption / recovery / refounding don't check for dissolution | **fixed** — dissolved check in `drainConcordRekeys`, `recoverStrandedConcordCommunities`, `refoundConcordCommunity`, the explicit rejoin, and CLI `rekey`/`recover`/`refound` (`ConcordCommands.isDissolved`) |
+| S14 | 05 §2 | `classify` trusts the relay filter: no signature, `pubkey == link_signer`, or `d == ""` check; a relay can forge a revocation | **fixed** — `classify(wraps, linkSignerPubKey, token)` keeps only events with kind 33301, author == link signer, `d == ""` and a valid signature (`isAtCoordinate`); every caller passes the signer |
 
 ### Interop (Armada drops or diverges)
 
@@ -66,17 +66,17 @@ Ranked security > interop > feature inside each group.
 | I5 | 04 §2 | Role content lacks `role_id`; Armada ignores every role we mint | open → control-plane batch |
 | I6 | 04 §1 | First edition is v0; spec says versions start at 1 | open → control-plane batch |
 | I7 | 04 §7 | Unknown-vsk editions (pins, signals) dropped by our compaction | open → control-plane batch |
-| I8 | 06 | Rekey `chunk` index is 0-based; Armada requires 1-based and drops all our Refoundings | open → rekey/invite batch |
-| I9 | 06 §3 | Rotations carry no `vac` | open → rekey/invite batch |
-| I10 | 06 | 120 base blobs per chunk can overflow NIP-44; Armada budgets 99 @104 B / 90 @136 B | open → rekey/invite batch |
-| I11 | 05 §3 | Invite links carry more than 3 bootstrap relays; Armada's decoder throws | open → rekey/invite batch |
-| I12 | 06 §3 | No race convergence (lowest new root), not idempotent on retry | open → rekey/invite batch |
+| I8 | 06 | Rekey `chunk` index is 0-based; Armada requires 1-based and drops all our Refoundings | **fixed** — `ConcordRekey.tags` takes a 1-based index (`require 1..n`); `chunkOf` parses strict decimals and refuses 0 / `i > n`; receivers drop malformed chunks |
+| I9 | 06 §3 | Rotations carry no `vac` | **fixed** — rotations carry `vac` on every chunk (`ConcordRotationAuthority.citationFor`, owner none); receivers require `ConcordReceive.isHonoredRotation` (BAN + `citationSatisfied`, Armada semantics) in the app drain and CLI `rekey`; a rotator whose chunks cite different Grants is dropped |
+| I10 | 06 | 120 base blobs per chunk can overflow NIP-44; Armada budgets 99 @104 B / 90 @136 B | **fixed** — `ConcordRekey.chunkBlobs` budgets the rumor JSON at 40,960 bytes (Armada `REKEY_RUMOR_MAX_BYTES`) plus the 120 count cap; test pins the seal (wrap plaintext) ≤ 65,535 with 136-byte blobs |
+| I11 | 05 §3 | Invite links carry more than 3 bootstrap relays; Armada's decoder throws | **fixed** — `encodeFragment` truncates non-stock lists to 3 (stock set stays a flag); `decodeFragment` refuses count > 3 |
+| I12 | 06 §3 | No race convergence (lowest new root), not idempotent on retry | **fixed** — `findNewRoot` converges on the lowest authorized root (`accept` filter before `converge`); sessions watch the current epoch's own rekey address and `drainConcordRekeys` heals down-only (`ConcordReceive.withHealedRoot`), keeping the losing root as a same-epoch held root (only the lowest per epoch is folded: `canonicalHeldRoots`); retries reuse reserved keys (`ConcordRefounding.reserveKeys`; in-memory in the app, persisted in amy's store). Not done: the CLI has no heal step; re-issuing a losing branch's channel keys (no private channels yet, F7) |
 | I13 | 03 §3 | Binding check not strict (duplicates accepted, `"04"`/`"+4"` parse) | open → chat-plane batch |
 | I14 | 03 §2 | Channel deletion not terminal across the chain; no 64-byte name cap | open → chat-plane batch |
 | I15 | 02 §4 | No `ms` tag on chat rumors | open → chat-plane batch |
 | I16 | examples §2.1 | Inline quote `q` tag is 2-element, Armada writes `["q", id, "", author]` | open → chat-plane batch |
 | I17 | 04 §2, 02 §6 | Caps (role name, roles per member/community, metadata name/description) not enforced | open → control-plane batch |
-| I18 | 05 §1, §4 | Join doesn't echo invite attribution; CLI join publishes no Guestbook Join; Invite List merge lets the patch win; malformed tombstones dropped | open → rekey/invite batch |
+| I18 | 05 §1, §4 | Join doesn't echo invite attribution; CLI join publishes no Guestbook Join; Invite List merge lets the patch win; malformed tombstones dropped | **fixed** — join echoes `creator_npub`/`label` in the Guestbook Join (mints now set `creator_npub`); `amy concord join` publishes a Guestbook Join; Invite List merge is first-wins per token; untyped tombstones carried as `opaqueTombstones` and still retire their token |
 
 ### Features
 
@@ -95,6 +95,12 @@ Ranked security > interop > feature inside each group.
 
 ## Spec issues to raise upstream
 
+- CORD-06 §1 counts rekey capacity in blobs ("up to 120 participants per event"), but 120 base
+  blobs overflow NIP-44's 65,535-byte plaintext once wrapped; the spec should state the byte budget
+  (Armada uses a 40,960-byte rumor ceiling).
+- The rekey blob plaintext is base64-encoded before NIP-44 (signer APIs take strings); unpinned by
+  the spec, as Armada's own comment notes.
+- Rekey seal kind (20013) and the `chunk` indexing base are implied by examples only; worth a MUST.
 - 02 §8 and examples §6.2 cite "a dissolution payload (CORD-06 §1)", but CORD-06 defines no
   such payload, and Armada has none. Dangling reference.
 - CORD-07 §2 should require a nonce in the 27235 grant (Armada already adds one): two
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordDirectInvite.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordDirectInvite.kt
index f4b1277a9e..ac0ce7bd16 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordDirectInvite.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordDirectInvite.kt
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ object ConcordDirectInvite {
         if (seal !is SealEvent) return null
         val rumor = seal.unsealOrNull(recipientSigner) ?: return null
         if (rumor.kind != KIND) return null
-        return ConcordJson.decodeOrNull<CommunityInvite>(rumor.content)
+        // Bounded like a fetched bundle (CORD-05 §6: "the §1 bounds apply").
+        return ConcordJson.decodeOrNull<CommunityInvite>(rumor.content)?.let { ConcordInviteBundle.bound(it) }
     }
 }
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteBundle.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteBundle.kt
index 50ec38bd10..0f57cf1d7e 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteBundle.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteBundle.kt
@@ -26,9 +26,11 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.control.vsk
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord05Invites.bundle.ConcordInviteBundleEvent
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.crypto.ConcordKeyDerivation
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.Event
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.HexKey
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.hexToByteArrayOrNull
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.toHexKey
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.crypto.KeyPair
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.crypto.verify
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.signers.NostrSignerSync
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip44Encryption.Nip44
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.utils.RandomInstance
@@ -94,6 +96,52 @@ class MintedInviteLink(
 object ConcordInviteBundle {
     const val KIND = ConcordInviteBundleEvent.KIND
 
+    /**
+     * A bundle naming more Channels than this is refused before anything is allocated for it
+     * (CORD-05 §1: "reject a bundle carrying more than a sane channel count (Vector's ceiling is
+     * 256)"). A bundle is attacker-crafted input reached by following a link.
+     */
+    const val MAX_BUNDLE_CHANNELS = 256
+
+    /**
+     * A bundle's `relays` are truncated to the Community's relay cap before anything connects to
+     * them (CORD-05 §1, CORD-02 §6's "up to 5"): a hostile link must not be a connect storm.
+     */
+    const val MAX_COMMUNITY_RELAYS = 5
+
+    /**
+     * Bounds an attacker-crafted [invite] (CORD-05 §1 MUST): null when it names more than
+     * [MAX_BUNDLE_CHANNELS] Channels, otherwise the invite with `relays` de-duplicated and
+     * truncated to [MAX_COMMUNITY_RELAYS]. Every redeem path — link bundle, Direct Invite —
+     * goes through [validate], which applies this.
+     */
+    fun bound(invite: CommunityInvite): CommunityInvite? {
+        if (invite.channels.size > MAX_BUNDLE_CHANNELS) return null
+        val relays =
+            invite.relays
+                .filter { it.isNotBlank() }
+                .distinct()
+                .take(MAX_COMMUNITY_RELAYS)
+        return if (relays == invite.relays) invite else invite.copy(relays = relays)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * True when [event] is really the bundle coordinate `(33301, linkSigner, d="")` (CORD-05 §2):
+     * the right kind, authored by [linkSignerPubKey], an empty `d`, and a valid signature. A relay
+     * filter is a hint, not a proof — a relay (or anyone who can write to one) could otherwise
+     * serve a forged newer `vsk 9` and revoke a link it never owned.
+     */
+    fun isAtCoordinate(
+        event: Event,
+        linkSignerPubKey: HexKey,
+    ): Boolean {
+        if (event.kind != KIND) return false
+        if (!event.pubKey.equals(linkSignerPubKey, ignoreCase = true)) return false
+        val d = event.tags.firstOrNull { it.isNotEmpty() && it[0] == "d" }?.getOrNull(1) ?: ""
+        if (d != "") return false
+        return event.verify()
+    }
+
     private fun json(invite: CommunityInvite) = ConcordJson.instance.encodeToString(CommunityInvite.serializer(), invite)
 
     /** Builds a kind-33301 bundle event carrying [invite], encrypted under [token] and signed by [linkSignerPrivKey]. */
@@ -125,7 +173,10 @@ object ConcordInviteBundle {
         createdAt: Long,
     ): Event = NostrSignerSync(KeyPair(privKey = linkSignerPrivKey)).sign(ConcordInviteBundleEvent.buildRevocation(createdAt))
 
-    /** Decrypts a kind-33301 bundle [event] with the link [token], or null if it isn't a valid bundle. */
+    /**
+     * Decrypts a kind-33301 bundle [event] with the link [token], or null if it isn't a valid bundle.
+     * The result is already [bound]ed (CORD-05 §1), so an over-long relay list never reaches a caller.
+     */
     fun parse(
         event: Event,
         token: ByteArray,
@@ -133,7 +184,7 @@ object ConcordInviteBundle {
         if (event.kind != KIND) return null
         return try {
             val bundleKey = ConcordKeyDerivation.inviteBundleKey(token)
-            ConcordJson.decodeOrNull<CommunityInvite>(Nip44.v2.decrypt(event.content, bundleKey))
+            ConcordJson.decodeOrNull<CommunityInvite>(Nip44.v2.decrypt(event.content, bundleKey))?.let { bound(it) }
         } catch (_: Exception) {
             null
         }
@@ -152,11 +203,25 @@ object ConcordInviteBundle {
      * milliseconds) resolves to [InviteBundleStatus.Expired] rather than
      * [InviteBundleStatus.Live], so the expiry is actually enforced at the one place
      * every redeeming client already funnels through.
+     *
+     * Only events really at the coordinate count ([isAtCoordinate]: kind, author ==
+     * [linkSignerPubKey], `d == ""`, valid signature) — the relay filter is not trusted, so a
+     * forged newer revocation cannot kill a link, nor a forged bundle hijack one.
      */
     fun classify(
         wraps: List<Event>,
+        linkSignerPubKey: HexKey,
         token: ByteArray,
         nowMs: Long = TimeUtils.nowMillis(),
+    ): InviteBundleStatus {
+        val genuine = wraps.filter { isAtCoordinate(it, linkSignerPubKey) }
+        return classifyGenuine(genuine, token, nowMs)
+    }
+
+    private fun classifyGenuine(
+        wraps: List<Event>,
+        token: ByteArray,
+        nowMs: Long,
     ): InviteBundleStatus {
         val newest = wraps.maxByOrNull { it.createdAt } ?: return InviteBundleStatus.Absent
         if (newest.tags.vsk() == ControlEntityKind.INVITE_REVOKED) return InviteBundleStatus.Revoked
@@ -197,6 +262,7 @@ object ConcordInviteBundle {
      * member. Raise with the Concord/Armada authors before diverging.
      */
     fun validate(invite: CommunityInvite): Boolean {
+        if (invite.channels.size > MAX_BUNDLE_CHANNELS) return false
         val owner = invite.owner.hexToByteArrayOrNull() ?: return false
         val salt = invite.ownerSalt.hexToByteArrayOrNull() ?: return false
         return ConcordKeyDerivation.communityId(owner, salt).toHexKey() == invite.communityId
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteLink.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteLink.kt
index cfeb071e83..d6f49bc5e4 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteLink.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteLink.kt
@@ -62,6 +62,13 @@ object ConcordInviteLink {
     const val VERSION = 4
     const val FLAG_STOCK_RELAYS = 0x01
 
+    /**
+     * The fragment carries at most this many bootstrap relays (CORD-05 §3): it only has to *find*
+     * the bundle, which then carries the Community's authoritative relay set. The reference
+     * client's decoder refuses a longer list, so an encoder must never emit one.
+     */
+    const val MAX_BOOTSTRAP_RELAYS = 3
+
     private const val MARKER_WSS_HOST = 0
     private const val MARKER_FULL_URL = 255
     private const val WSS_PREFIX = "wss://"
@@ -69,13 +76,10 @@ object ConcordInviteLink {
 
     /**
      * Encodes the fragment for [token] and optional [relays]. Passing null or the
-     * exact stock set uses flag `0x01` and emits no relay bytes; otherwise every
-     * relay is encoded (dictionary id, `wss://` host, or full URL).
-     *
-     * The only ceiling is the format's own: the relay count is a single byte, so at
-     * most 255 relays fit. Each carries its own byte cost, so a long list makes a long
-     * link — pick relays that can actually serve the bundle rather than pasting a
-     * whole relay list in.
+     * exact stock set uses flag `0x01` and emits no relay bytes (the stock set is
+     * flag-selected, so exempt from the cap); otherwise the first
+     * [MAX_BOOTSTRAP_RELAYS] relays are encoded (dictionary id, `wss://` host, or full
+     * URL) and the rest dropped (CORD-05 §3) — the bundle carries the full set.
      */
     @OptIn(ExperimentalEncodingApi::class)
     fun encodeFragment(
@@ -90,10 +94,10 @@ object ConcordInviteLink {
         if (useStock) {
             out.add(FLAG_STOCK_RELAYS.toByte())
         } else {
-            require(relays.size <= 255) { "relay count must fit in one byte, was ${relays.size}" }
+            val bounded = relays.distinct().take(MAX_BOOTSTRAP_RELAYS)
             out.add(0)
-            out.add(relays.size.toByte())
-            for (r in relays) {
+            out.add(bounded.size.toByte())
+            for (r in bounded) {
                 val id = InviteRelayDictionary.idOf(r)
                 when {
                     id != null -> out.add(id.toByte())
@@ -119,8 +123,9 @@ object ConcordInviteLink {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Decodes an invite [fragment]. Throws for a malformed fragment or a version
-     * other than [VERSION] (lower = legacy, higher = newer than this client).
+     * Decodes an invite [fragment]. Throws for a malformed fragment, a version
+     * other than [VERSION] (lower = legacy, higher = newer than this client), or more
+     * than [MAX_BOOTSTRAP_RELAYS] relays (CORD-05 §3, as the reference client does).
      * Unknown dictionary ids are skipped rather than aborting the parse.
      */
     @OptIn(ExperimentalEncodingApi::class)
@@ -138,7 +143,9 @@ object ConcordInviteLink {
             relays.addAll(InviteRelayDictionary.STOCK)
             usedStock = true
         } else {
+            require(pos < bytes.size) { "fragment truncated" }
             val count = bytes[pos++].toInt() and 0xFF
+            require(count <= MAX_BOOTSTRAP_RELAYS) { "too many bootstrap relays ($count, cap $MAX_BOOTSTRAP_RELAYS)" }
             repeat(count) {
                 val marker = bytes[pos++].toInt() and 0xFF
                 when (marker) {
@@ -162,8 +169,9 @@ object ConcordInviteLink {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Builds a full shareable invite URL under [base], carrying every relay in [relays]
-     * as the bootstrap set (or the stock flag when null / exactly the stock set).
+     * Builds a full shareable invite URL under [base], carrying the first
+     * [MAX_BOOTSTRAP_RELAYS] of [relays] as the bootstrap set (or the stock flag when
+     * null / exactly the stock set).
      */
     fun buildUrl(
         base: String,
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteList.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteList.kt
index f136aed3fd..cfa66df555 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteList.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteList.kt
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import kotlinx.serialization.descriptors.elementNames
 import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonArray
 import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonElement
 import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonObject
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonPrimitive
 import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonTransformingSerializer
 import kotlinx.serialization.json.jsonArray
 import kotlinx.serialization.json.jsonObject
@@ -86,12 +87,16 @@ class ConcordInviteListTombstone(
  * a newer schema. They are carried verbatim rather than dropped (re-encoding without them would
  * delete somebody's `signer_sk`) and rather than failing the whole read (which would refuse every
  * future mint and revoke for this account until someone else repaired the list).
+ *
+ * [opaqueTombstones] is the same for tombstones: one that does not type-check is residue we carry
+ * verbatim, never drop — dropping a retirement is how a stale device resurrects a revoked link.
  */
 class ConcordInviteListDocument(
     val entries: List<ConcordInviteListEntry> = emptyList(),
     val tombstones: List<ConcordInviteListTombstone> = emptyList(),
     val residue: JsonObject = NoExtras,
     val opaqueEntries: List<JsonObject> = emptyList(),
+    val opaqueTombstones: List<JsonElement> = emptyList(),
 ) {
     companion object {
         val EMPTY = ConcordInviteListDocument()
@@ -201,14 +206,16 @@ object ConcordInviteList {
                     }
                 }
 
+            val opaqueTombstones = mutableListOf<JsonElement>()
             val tombstones =
                 (root["tombstones"]?.jsonArray ?: JsonArray(emptyList())).mapNotNull { element ->
                     try {
                         val it = ConcordJson.instance.decodeFromJsonElement(WireTombstoneSerializer, element.jsonObject)
                         ConcordInviteListTombstone(it.token, it.communityId, it.extras)
                     } catch (_: Exception) {
-                        // A tombstone we cannot read must not silently un-retire its link, but we
-                        // have no token to key it by, so it can only ride along as document residue.
+                        // A tombstone we cannot type must not silently un-retire its link: carry it
+                        // verbatim as residue (and still honor its token in the merge, if it has one).
+                        opaqueTombstones.add(element)
                         null
                     }
                 }
@@ -218,6 +225,7 @@ object ConcordInviteList {
                 tombstones = tombstones,
                 residue = JsonObject(root - "entries" - "tombstones"),
                 opaqueEntries = opaque,
+                opaqueTombstones = opaqueTombstones,
             )
         } catch (_: Exception) {
             null
@@ -238,30 +246,43 @@ object ConcordInviteList {
                     ),
                 ).jsonObject
 
-        // Entries we could not type ride back out untouched. Dropping them here is the data loss
-        // this whole class exists to prevent — they are somebody's link signer too.
-        if (doc.opaqueEntries.isEmpty()) return ConcordJson.instance.encodeToString(JsonObject.serializer(), wire)
-        val entries = JsonArray((wire["entries"]?.jsonArray ?: JsonArray(emptyList())) + doc.opaqueEntries)
-        return ConcordJson.instance.encodeToString(JsonObject.serializer(), JsonObject(wire + ("entries" to entries)))
+        // Entries and tombstones we could not type ride back out untouched. Dropping them here is
+        // the data loss this whole class exists to prevent — a link signer, or a link's retirement.
+        if (doc.opaqueEntries.isEmpty() && doc.opaqueTombstones.isEmpty()) return ConcordJson.instance.encodeToString(JsonObject.serializer(), wire)
+        var out = wire
+        if (doc.opaqueEntries.isNotEmpty()) {
+            out = JsonObject(out + ("entries" to JsonArray((out["entries"]?.jsonArray ?: JsonArray(emptyList())) + doc.opaqueEntries)))
+        }
+        if (doc.opaqueTombstones.isNotEmpty()) {
+            out = JsonObject(out + ("tombstones" to JsonArray((out["tombstones"]?.jsonArray ?: JsonArray(emptyList())) + doc.opaqueTombstones)))
+        }
+        return ConcordJson.instance.encodeToString(JsonObject.serializer(), out)
     }
 
+    /** The `token` an untyped tombstone still names, if it names one as a string. */
+    private fun opaqueTombstoneToken(element: JsonElement): String? = ((element as? JsonObject)?.get("token") as? JsonPrimitive)?.takeIf { it.isString }?.content
+
     /**
-     * Merges [patch] onto [base], keyed by `token` — the spec's own merge key. A token present in
-     * either side's tombstones is dropped from the result and kept tombstoned, so a retired link
-     * cannot be resurrected by a device that still has it cached. [patch] wins field-by-field on a
-     * token both sides carry, which is what makes "read remote, apply my change, publish" converge.
+     * Merges [patch] onto [base], keyed by `token` — the spec's own merge key (CORD-05 §4). An entry
+     * is **immutable once minted**, so the first copy of a token wins ([base], the published list,
+     * before [patch]) and a later copy can never rewrite its `signer_sk` or url; tombstones union
+     * (first wins likewise), and a tombstone always beats an entry — terminally, so a retired link
+     * cannot be resurrected by a device that still has it cached. Mirrors the reference client's
+     * `mergeInviteLists`. A tombstone we could not type still retires the token it names.
      */
     fun merge(
         base: ConcordInviteListDocument,
         patch: ConcordInviteListDocument,
     ): ConcordInviteListDocument {
         val tombstones = LinkedHashMap<String, ConcordInviteListTombstone>()
-        for (t in base.tombstones + patch.tombstones) tombstones[t.token] = t
+        for (t in base.tombstones + patch.tombstones) tombstones.getOrPut(t.token) { t }
+        val opaqueTombstones = (base.opaqueTombstones + patch.opaqueTombstones).distinct()
+        val retired = tombstones.keys + opaqueTombstones.mapNotNull { opaqueTombstoneToken(it) }
 
         val entries = LinkedHashMap<String, ConcordInviteListEntry>()
         for (e in base.entries + patch.entries) {
-            if (e.token in tombstones) continue
-            entries[e.token] = e
+            if (e.token in retired) continue
+            entries.getOrPut(e.token) { e }
         }
         return ConcordInviteListDocument(
             entries = entries.values.toList(),
@@ -270,6 +291,7 @@ object ConcordInviteList {
             // Untyped entries survive the merge for the same reason they survive a decode: we cannot
             // read them, so we are in no position to decide they are disposable.
             opaqueEntries = (base.opaqueEntries + patch.opaqueEntries).distinct(),
+            opaqueTombstones = opaqueTombstones,
         )
     }
 }
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordStrandedRecovery.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordStrandedRecovery.kt
index 9869cadb91..e4dec672c0 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordStrandedRecovery.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordStrandedRecovery.kt
@@ -24,38 +24,37 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ConcordCommunityListEntr
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.HeldRoot
 
 /**
- * Stranded recovery (CORD-05/06).
+ * Stranded detection (CORD-05/06).
  *
  * A Refounding carries only `(newRoot, newEpoch, rotator)` — there is **no
  * recipient list** — so a member who is simply left out of the rekey recipient
- * set receives nothing and is silently stranded on the dead epoch forever, while
- * everyone else moves on. This is true of any member, the owner included, and
- * cannot be prevented on the receive side.
+ * set receives nothing and is silently stranded on the dead epoch, while everyone
+ * else moves on. The invite link the membership was joined through
+ * ([ConcordCommunityListEntry.inviteRef]) is re-minted at the current epoch by its
+ * creator, so re-resolving it and finding a **higher** epoch tells a member they
+ * were left behind.
  *
- * The way out is the invite link the membership was joined through
- * ([ConcordCommunityListEntry.inviteRef]): the community keeps publishing its
- * bundle at that same addressable coordinate, re-minted at the current epoch. So
- * a member who re-resolves their own join link and finds a **higher** epoch than
- * the one they hold knows they were left behind, and can merge forward.
- *
- * This object holds only the pure decision + merge; fetching and unlocking the
- * bundle at the link is the caller's job.
+ * What a bundle may NOT do is move the base (CORD-06 §2, and the reference client's
+ * `isCatchUpBundle`: "It may never move the base"). Nothing binds `community_root`
+ * to `community_id`, so a bundle is not proof of continuity: a link creator — or
+ * anyone who ever held a link's signer — could serve a higher-epoch bundle carrying
+ * a root of their own and silently relocate every member who joined through that
+ * link onto streams they read. The base advances only by a CORD-06 §2 rekey blob
+ * whose `prevcommit` proves it extends the key we hold, from a rotator our roster
+ * authorizes. So this object only **detects** ([isStranded]); the background sweep
+ * never adopts anything, and the one way forward from a bundle is the user
+ * explicitly accepting the link again ([rejoinForward]) — the same trust decision
+ * as the first join, never taken on their behalf.
  */
 object ConcordStrandedRecovery {
     /**
-     * True when [bundle], resolved at [entry]'s stored invite link, proves we were
+     * True when [bundle], resolved at [entry]'s stored invite link, says we were
      * left behind: it must describe the same community and sit at a strictly higher
      * epoch. Same or lower is a no-op (we are current, or the bundle is stale).
      *
      * [bannedAtCurrentEpoch] is the caller's answer to "does the community, as I fold
-     * it right now, have me on its banlist?" — and a `true` refuses the recovery
-     * outright. It is a required argument rather than a caller-side `if` because
-     * getting it wrong turns this mechanism inside out: recovery exists so a member
-     * *wrongly* omitted from a rotation can catch up, but the test it performs (a
-     * higher epoch at a link whose unlock token an ex-member keeps forever) cannot
-     * tell that member apart from one the community deliberately removed. Without
-     * this, a Refounding — the only hard removal Concord has — is undone by our own
-     * background sweep a few minutes later.
+     * it right now, have me on its banlist?" — and a `true` answers false outright:
+     * a removed member is not stranded, they are removed.
      */
     fun isStranded(
         entry: ConcordCommunityListEntry,
@@ -68,21 +67,18 @@ object ConcordStrandedRecovery {
             bundle.rootEpoch > entry.rootEpoch
 
     /**
-     * Merges [entry] forward onto the higher-epoch [bundle], or returns null when
-     * there is nothing to do ([isStranded] is false) — so the caller can treat null
-     * as "stay put" without a second check.
+     * The entry that results from the user **explicitly** re-accepting the invite
+     * link [bundle] was resolved from, while stranded on [entry] — or null when
+     * [isStranded] is false. Never call this from a background sweep: adopting a
+     * bundle's root is a join decision (see the class note), and only the user can
+     * make it.
      *
-     * The merge is epoch-monotonic (it never moves backwards, by construction of
-     * [isStranded]) and preserves two things the naive "adopt the bundle" would
-     * destroy:
-     *
-     * - the [ConcordCommunityListEntry.inviteRef] anchor, so the next Refounding we
-     *   are left out of is recoverable too; and
-     * - the existing [ConcordCommunityListEntry.heldRoots], plus the root we are
-     *   leaving, so prior-epoch history the member legitimately holds stays
-     *   derivable instead of going dark on catch-up.
+     * The merge is epoch-monotonic and preserves what a fresh join would lose: the
+     * [ConcordCommunityListEntry.inviteRef] anchor, and the existing
+     * [ConcordCommunityListEntry.heldRoots] plus the root we are leaving, so
+     * prior-epoch history stays derivable.
      */
-    fun mergeForward(
+    fun rejoinForward(
         entry: ConcordCommunityListEntry,
         bundle: CommunityInvite,
         bannedAtCurrentEpoch: Boolean,
@@ -92,7 +88,7 @@ object ConcordStrandedRecovery {
         // Bank the epoch we are leaving with its control_pk, so its Control Plane
         // stays re-subscribable for the anti-rollback floor (a split epoch's address
         // is held, never derivable — CORD-02 §2).
-        val held = (entry.heldRoots + HeldRoot(entry.rootEpoch, entry.root, entry.controlPk, entry.controlRoot)).distinctBy { it.epoch }
+        val held = (entry.heldRoots + HeldRoot(entry.rootEpoch, entry.root, entry.controlPk, entry.controlRoot)).distinctBy { it.epoch to it.key.lowercase() }
 
         return ConcordCommunityListEntry(
             id = entry.id,
@@ -109,10 +105,8 @@ object ConcordStrandedRecovery {
             name = entry.name.ifEmpty { bundle.name },
             addedAt = entry.addedAt,
             inviteRef = entry.inviteRef,
-            // We were excluded from the epoch we were sitting on when we found the gap.
-            excludedAtEpoch = entry.rootEpoch,
             // Unknown keys another client wrote are data we hold in trust: carry them forward,
-            // or this recovery write silently deletes them.
+            // or this write silently deletes them.
             residue = entry.residue,
         )
     }
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord06Rekey/ConcordRefounding.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord06Rekey/ConcordRefounding.kt
index 74fb73b594..aef5fec8f2 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord06Rekey/ConcordRefounding.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord06Rekey/ConcordRefounding.kt
@@ -21,7 +21,10 @@
 package com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey
 
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ConcordCommunityState
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.HeldRoot
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.AuthorityCitation
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.ControlEdition
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.control.tags.VacTag
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.crypto.ConcordKeyDerivation
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.crypto.ControlPlaneKeys
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.crypto.GroupKey
@@ -33,6 +36,7 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.hexToByteArray
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.toHexKey
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.signers.NostrSigner
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip59Giftwrap.rumors.RumorAssembler
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.utils.RandomInstance
 
 /**
  * The events a Refounding produces (CORD-06 §3): the [controlWraps] (the current
@@ -74,11 +78,51 @@ class ReceivedRefounding(
     val rotator: HexKey,
     val newControlPk: ByteArray? = null,
     val newControlRoot: ByteArray? = null,
+    /**
+     * The Grant the rotator claims to act under (`vac`, CORD-06 §3 "Authority"), null when absent
+     * (the owner cites nothing). The caller verifies it against its fold before adopting — see
+     * [ConcordRotationAuthority.citationSatisfied].
+     */
+    val authority: AuthorityCitation? = null,
 ) {
     /** True when this was a legacy pre-split rotation (72-byte base blob). */
     val legacy: Boolean get() = newControlPk == null
 }
 
+/**
+ * A Refounding the rotator has already minted keys for (CORD-06 §3 "Failure and races"): the
+ * fresh [newRoot] + [newControlRoot] reserved for the rotation from ([rootEpoch], [prevCommit]).
+ * A retry of the same rotation MUST reuse them — rotations correlate by (rotator, newepoch,
+ * prevcommit), so a retry with a fresh root would merge into the first attempt's set and split
+ * the members across two roots at one epoch. Keep it until the rotation is adopted, then drop it.
+ */
+class PendingRefounding(
+    val communityId: HexKey,
+    val rootEpoch: Long,
+    val prevCommit: HexKey,
+    val newRoot: ByteArray,
+    val newControlRoot: ByteArray,
+) {
+    /** True when this reservation is for the rotation that leaves [priorRoot] at [rootEpoch]. */
+    fun matches(
+        communityId: HexKey,
+        rootEpoch: Long,
+        priorRoot: ByteArray,
+    ): Boolean =
+        this.communityId.equals(communityId, ignoreCase = true) &&
+            this.rootEpoch == rootEpoch &&
+            prevCommit == ConcordKeyDerivation.epochKeyCommitment(rootEpoch, priorRoot).toHexKey()
+}
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when a Refounding cannot carry the whole Control Plane into the new epoch (CORD-06 §3:
+ * "If the Refounder cannot reliably fold all Control events, the Refounding must be aborted").
+ * [missing] names the entities (`eid` hex) whose honored head is not in the compaction.
+ */
+class IncompleteControlPlaneException(
+    val missing: List<String>,
+) : IllegalStateException("Refounding aborted: the Control Plane could not be folded in full (${missing.size} entity head(s) missing)")
+
 /**
  * Whole-community Refounding (CORD-06 §3): rotate `community_root` to sever a
  * removed member absolutely. Public Channels and the Control/Guestbook planes all
@@ -111,6 +155,11 @@ object ConcordRefounding {
      * @param recipientsXOnly   the retained members' x-only pubkeys (hex) to re-key
      * @param staffXOnly        the subset of [recipientsXOnly] that is staff (owner + Control-writing
      *                          permission holders, CORD-04 §3) and receives the 136-byte blob
+     * @param authority         the rotator's `vac` citation (CORD-06 §3 "Authority"), stamped on every
+     *                          rekey chunk; null when the owner rotates
+     * @param mustCarry         the entity heads (`eid` hex -> version) the rotator currently honors; the
+     *                          compaction must carry each at or above that version, or the Refounding
+     *                          aborts with [IncompleteControlPlaneException] (CORD-06 §3)
      */
     suspend fun build(
         rotatorSigner: NostrSigner,
@@ -125,11 +174,15 @@ object ConcordRefounding {
         staffXOnly: Set<HexKey>,
         createdAt: Long,
         ownerPubKey: HexKey,
+        authority: AuthorityCitation? = null,
+        mustCarry: Map<String, Long> = emptyMap(),
     ): RefoundingBuild {
         val newEpoch = rootEpoch + 1
         val newControlKeys = ControlPlaneKeys.forStaff(newRoot, communityId, newEpoch, newControlRoot)
 
-        val controlWraps = compactControlPlane(priorControlWraps, priorControlKeys, newControlKeys, ownerPubKey)
+        // Acquired in full BEFORE anything is published (CORD-06 §3): throws when the plane cannot be
+        // carried whole, so a failed fold never leaves a half rotation as the only copy.
+        val controlWraps = compactControlPlane(priorControlWraps, priorControlKeys, newControlKeys, ownerPubKey, mustCarry)
 
         val baseRekeyKey = ConcordKeyDerivation.baseRekeyAddress(priorRoot, communityId, newEpoch)
         val prevCommit = ConcordKeyDerivation.epochKeyCommitment(rootEpoch, priorRoot).toHexKey()
@@ -146,6 +199,7 @@ object ConcordRefounding {
                 prevEpoch = rootEpoch,
                 prevCommit = prevCommit,
                 createdAt = createdAt,
+                authority = authority,
             )
 
         return RefoundingBuild(newRoot, newControlRoot, newEpoch, newControlKeys, controlWraps, rekeyWraps)
@@ -169,6 +223,7 @@ object ConcordRefounding {
         priorControlKeys: ControlPlaneKeys,
         newControlKeys: ControlPlaneKeys,
         ownerPubKey: HexKey,
+        mustCarry: Map<String, Long> = emptyMap(),
     ): List<Event> {
         // entity coordinate -> every edition we can open, paired with its verified seal.
         val byCoordinate = HashMap<String, MutableList<Pair<ControlEdition, Event>>>()
@@ -197,19 +252,45 @@ object ConcordRefounding {
         val editions = byCoordinate.values.flatten()
         val honored = ConcordCommunityState.authorizedHeads(editions.map { it.first }, ownerPubKey)
         val out = ArrayList<Event>(honored.size)
-        for ((_, floor) in honored) {
-            val head = floor.known ?: continue
-            val seal = editions.firstOrNull { it.first.rumorId == head.rumorId }?.second ?: continue
+        val missing = ArrayList<String>()
+        for ((entity, floor) in honored) {
+            val head = floor.known
+            val seal = head?.let { h -> editions.firstOrNull { it.first.rumorId == h.rumorId }?.second }
+            if (seal == null) {
+                // A head we honor whose signed seal we cannot re-wrap would silently drop the entity
+                // from the new epoch: abort instead (fold-all-or-abort, CORD-06 §3).
+                missing.add(entity)
+                continue
+            }
             out.add(ConcordStreamEnvelope.wrapSeal(seal, newControlKeys, createdAt = seal.createdAt))
         }
+        // Every head the caller already folds must survive at or above the version it honors: a
+        // shorter compaction means the fetch we compacted from was partial, and publishing it would
+        // roll the community back for every member who follows the new epoch.
+        for ((entity, version) in mustCarry) {
+            val carried = honored[entity]?.known?.version
+            if (carried == null || carried < version) missing.add(entity)
+        }
+        if (missing.isNotEmpty()) throw IncompleteControlPlaneException(missing.distinct())
         return out
     }
 
+    /**
+     * The version of every entity head [editions] honor (`eid` hex -> version) — what a
+     * Refounder passes as `mustCarry`, so the compaction aborts rather than drop a head the
+     * Refounder itself folds (CORD-06 §3).
+     */
+    fun headVersions(
+        editions: Collection<ControlEdition>,
+        ownerPubKey: HexKey,
+    ): Map<String, Long> = ConcordCommunityState.authorizedHeads(editions, ownerPubKey).mapValues { it.value.version }
+
     /**
      * Mints the base-rotation rekey blobs delivering [newRoot] + [newControlPk] to
      * [recipientsXOnly] — the [staffXOnly] subset also receiving [newControlRoot]
-     * in the 136-byte staff form (CORD-06 §1) — chunked at
-     * [ConcordRekey.MAX_BLOBS_PER_CHUNK] and wrapped (encrypted seal,
+     * in the 136-byte staff form (CORD-06 §1) — chunked by count and bytes
+     * ([ConcordRekey.chunkBlobs], 1-based `chunk` tags, [authority] cited on every
+     * chunk) and wrapped (encrypted seal,
      * rotator-signed) on the [baseRekeyKey] address so every current member — who
      * precomputes that address from the prior root — receives it live.
      */
@@ -225,6 +306,7 @@ object ConcordRefounding {
         prevEpoch: Long,
         prevCommit: HexKey,
         createdAt: Long,
+        authority: AuthorityCitation? = null,
     ): List<Event> {
         if (recipientsXOnly.isEmpty()) return emptyList()
         val staffLower = staffXOnly.mapTo(HashSet()) { it.lowercase() }
@@ -240,10 +322,19 @@ object ConcordRefounding {
                     newControlRoot = if (recipient.lowercase() in staffLower) newControlRoot else null,
                 )
             }
-        val chunks = blobs.chunked(ConcordRekey.MAX_BLOBS_PER_CHUNK)
+        // The envelope is measured once at the widest `chunk` tag this rotation could carry.
+        val widest = blobs.size.coerceAtLeast(1)
+        val envelopeTags = ConcordRekey.tags(ConcordRekey.ROOT_SCOPE, newEpoch, prevEpoch, prevCommit, widest, widest, authority)
+        val envelope =
+            RumorAssembler
+                .assembleRumor<Event>(rotatorSigner.pubKey, createdAt, ConcordRekey.KIND, envelopeTags, "")
+                .toJson()
+                .encodeToByteArray()
+                .size
+        val chunks = ConcordRekey.chunkBlobs(blobs, envelope)
         val total = chunks.size
         return chunks.mapIndexed { index, chunk ->
-            val tags = ConcordRekey.tags(ConcordRekey.ROOT_SCOPE, newEpoch, prevEpoch, prevCommit, index, total)
+            val tags = ConcordRekey.tags(ConcordRekey.ROOT_SCOPE, newEpoch, prevEpoch, prevCommit, index + 1, total, authority)
             val rumor = RumorAssembler.assembleRumor<Event>(rotatorSigner.pubKey, createdAt, ConcordRekey.KIND, tags, ConcordRekey.encodeContent(chunk))
             ConcordStreamEnvelope.wrap(rumor, baseRekeyKey, rotatorSigner, encrypted = true, createdAt = createdAt)
         }
@@ -252,14 +343,25 @@ object ConcordRefounding {
     /**
      * Receives a base rotation for the member behind [recipientSigner]: opens the
      * kind-3303 [wraps] at the member's next base-rekey address ([baseRekeyKey]),
-     * verifies each is a well-formed root rotation to [newEpoch] whose `prevcommit`
-     * continues the [priorRoot] the member holds, and returns the delivered new
-     * root and Control Plane keys (with the rotator's real pubkey, so the caller
-     * can authorize it against the folded roster). A staff blob's delivered secret
-     * must derive to exactly the delivered `control_pk` (CORD-02 §5) — a
-     * mismatched pair is refused rather than adopting a plane split from its
-     * readers. Null if no chunk carries this member's blob — which only means
-     * "removed" once the caller confirms it holds every chunk of the rotation.
+     * verifies each is a well-formed root rotation to `rootEpoch + 1` whose
+     * `prevepoch`/`prevcommit` continue the [priorRoot] the member holds, and returns
+     * the delivered new root and Control Plane keys with the rotator's real pubkey and
+     * `vac` citation, so the caller can authorize it against the folded roster.
+     *
+     * A rekey rumor must ride an **encrypted** (20013) seal (CORD-02 §5, Appendix B); a
+     * malformed `chunk` tag (0-based, `i > n`, non-decimal) or `vac` tag drops the
+     * chunk, and a rotator whose chunks cite different Grants is distrusted whole. A
+     * staff blob's delivered secret must derive to exactly the delivered `control_pk`
+     * (CORD-02 §5) — a mismatched pair is refused rather than adopting a plane split
+     * from its readers.
+     *
+     * Race convergence (CORD-06 §3): among the candidates [accept] admits (the
+     * caller's authority check — authorize BEFORE converging, or an unauthorized
+     * lower root would win), the lexicographically lowest new base key wins; the
+     * control pair rides the winner's blob and is never compared.
+     *
+     * Null if no chunk carries this member's blob — which only means "removed" once
+     * the caller confirms it holds every chunk of the rotation.
      */
     suspend fun findNewRoot(
         wraps: List<Event>,
@@ -268,31 +370,138 @@ object ConcordRefounding {
         communityId: ByteArray,
         priorRoot: ByteArray,
         rootEpoch: Long,
-    ): ReceivedRefounding? {
+        accept: (ReceivedRefounding) -> Boolean = { true },
+    ): ReceivedRefounding? = converge(findNewRoots(wraps, baseRekeyKey, recipientSigner, communityId, priorRoot, rootEpoch).filter(accept))
+
+    /**
+     * Every candidate rotation delivering this member a new root from [priorRoot] at
+     * [rootEpoch] (one per rotator; see [findNewRoot] for the checks), unauthorized and
+     * unconverged. Callers normally want [findNewRoot].
+     */
+    suspend fun findNewRoots(
+        wraps: List<Event>,
+        baseRekeyKey: GroupKey,
+        recipientSigner: NostrSigner,
+        communityId: ByteArray,
+        priorRoot: ByteArray,
+        rootEpoch: Long,
+    ): List<ReceivedRefounding> {
         val newEpoch = rootEpoch + 1
         val expectedScope = ConcordRekey.ROOT_SCOPE.toHexKey()
         val expectedCommit = ConcordKeyDerivation.epochKeyCommitment(rootEpoch, priorRoot).toHexKey()
+
+        // Pass 1: the well-formed chunks of this continuity point, grouped by rotator.
+        val byRotator = LinkedHashMap<HexKey, MutableList<RekeyChunk>>()
         for (wrap in wraps) {
             val opened = ConcordStreamEnvelope.openOrNull(wrap, baseRekeyKey) ?: continue
+            // Rekey seals are encrypted (CORD-02 §5): a plaintext seal would expose the rotator.
+            if (opened.sealKind != ConcordStreamEnvelope.KIND_SEAL_ENCRYPTED) continue
             val rumor = opened.rumor
             if (rumor.kind != ConcordRekey.KIND) continue
-            if (rumor.tags.firstTagValue(ConcordRekey.TAG_SCOPE) != expectedScope) continue
+            if (rumor.tags.firstTagValue(ConcordRekey.TAG_SCOPE)?.lowercase() != expectedScope) continue
             if (rumor.tags.firstTagValue(ConcordRekey.TAG_NEWEPOCH)?.toLongOrNull() != newEpoch) continue
-            if (rumor.tags.firstTagValue(ConcordRekey.TAG_PREVCOMMIT) != expectedCommit) continue
-
-            val blobs = ConcordRekey.decodeContent(rumor.content)
-            val rotatorXOnly = opened.author.hexToByteArray()
-            val payload = ConcordRekey.findPayloadWithSigner(blobs, recipientSigner, rotatorXOnly, ConcordRekey.ROOT_SCOPE, newEpoch) ?: continue
-            val controlRoot = payload.newControlRoot
-            val controlPk = payload.newControlPk
-            if (controlRoot != null && controlPk != null) {
-                // The staff derive-check (CORD-06 §1): refuse a pair whose secret does not
-                // derive to the pk the other members were handed — fails closed.
-                val derived = ConcordKeyDerivation.controlSignerKey(controlRoot, communityId, newEpoch).publicKey
-                if (!derived.contentEquals(controlPk)) continue
-            }
-            return ReceivedRefounding(payload.newKey, newEpoch, opened.author, controlPk, controlRoot)
+            if (rumor.tags.firstTagValue(ConcordRekey.TAG_PREVEPOCH)?.toLongOrNull() != rootEpoch) continue
+            if (rumor.tags.firstTagValue(ConcordRekey.TAG_PREVCOMMIT)?.lowercase() != expectedCommit) continue
+            if (ConcordRekey.chunkOf(rumor.tags) == null) continue
+            // A present-but-malformed citation is a corrupt chunk; absent means the owner acts.
+            val vacTag = rumor.tags.firstOrNull { it.isNotEmpty() && it[0] == VacTag.TAG_NAME }
+            val citation = if (vacTag == null) null else VacTag.parse(vacTag) ?: continue
+            byRotator.getOrPut(opened.author.lowercase()) { ArrayList() }.add(RekeyChunk(opened.author, rumor.content, citation))
         }
-        return null
+
+        // Pass 2: per rotator, find this member's blob.
+        val out = ArrayList<ReceivedRefounding>()
+        for ((_, chunks) in byRotator) {
+            // Every chunk of one rotation must cite the same Grant; a disagreeing set is distrusted.
+            val citations = chunks.map { c -> c.citation?.let { VacTag.assemble(it).joinToString(",") } }.distinct()
+            if (citations.size > 1) continue
+            val rotator = chunks.first().rotator
+            val rotatorXOnly = rotator.hexToByteArray()
+            for (chunk in chunks) {
+                val blobs = ConcordRekey.decodeContent(chunk.content)
+                val payload = ConcordRekey.findPayloadWithSigner(blobs, recipientSigner, rotatorXOnly, ConcordRekey.ROOT_SCOPE, newEpoch) ?: continue
+                val controlRoot = payload.newControlRoot
+                val controlPk = payload.newControlPk
+                if (controlRoot != null && controlPk != null) {
+                    // The staff derive-check (CORD-06 §1): refuse a pair whose secret does not
+                    // derive to the pk the other members were handed — fails closed.
+                    val derived = ConcordKeyDerivation.controlSignerKey(controlRoot, communityId, newEpoch).publicKey
+                    if (!derived.contentEquals(controlPk)) continue
+                }
+                out.add(ReceivedRefounding(payload.newKey, newEpoch, rotator, controlPk, controlRoot, chunk.citation))
+                break
+            }
+        }
+        return out
+    }
+
+    private class RekeyChunk(
+        val rotator: HexKey,
+        val content: String,
+        val citation: AuthorityCitation?,
+    )
+
+    /**
+     * The winner among authorized candidates racing to one epoch (CORD-06 §3): the
+     * lexicographically lowest new base key. Every client computes the same winner, so
+     * concurrent Refoundings converge; null on no candidates.
+     */
+    fun converge(candidates: List<ReceivedRefounding>): ReceivedRefounding? = candidates.minWithOrNull { a, b -> compareKeys(a.newRoot, b.newRoot) }
+
+    /** Unsigned lexicographic order of two keys — the order the convergence rule compares in. */
+    fun compareKeys(
+        a: ByteArray,
+        b: ByteArray,
+    ): Int {
+        for (i in 0 until minOf(a.size, b.size)) {
+            val x = a[i].toInt() and 0xFF
+            val y = b[i].toInt() and 0xFF
+            if (x != y) return x - y
+        }
+        return a.size - b.size
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The down-only heal (CORD-06 §3): true when [candidate] should replace the [held] root
+     * of the same epoch — only a **strictly lower** sibling does, so a flaky fetch that
+     * returns only the higher sibling can never re-fork a settled epoch.
+     */
+    fun healsTo(
+        held: ByteArray,
+        candidate: ByteArray,
+    ): Boolean = compareKeys(candidate, held) < 0
+
+    /**
+     * The held roots a client folds Control from: per epoch, the lowest key — the one the
+     * convergence rule settled on. A higher sibling at the same epoch is a losing fork's root,
+     * kept only so the messages sent into that fork stay readable (CORD-06 §3: "Both forks'
+     * keys are retained"); its Control Plane is not the community's.
+     */
+    fun canonicalHeldRoots(heldRoots: List<HeldRoot>): List<HeldRoot> =
+        heldRoots
+            .groupBy { it.epoch }
+            .values
+            .mapNotNull { sameEpoch -> sameEpoch.minWithOrNull { a, b -> a.key.lowercase().compareTo(b.key.lowercase()) } }
+
+    /**
+     * The keys for the Refounding that leaves [priorRoot] at [rootEpoch]: [pending] when it
+     * was reserved for exactly this rotation (a retry — CORD-06 §3 requires every step to be
+     * idempotent, so a retry must re-deliver the SAME root), a fresh pair otherwise. The
+     * caller persists the result before publishing anything and drops it once adopted.
+     */
+    fun reserveKeys(
+        pending: PendingRefounding?,
+        communityId: HexKey,
+        rootEpoch: Long,
+        priorRoot: ByteArray,
+    ): PendingRefounding {
+        if (pending != null && pending.matches(communityId, rootEpoch, priorRoot)) return pending
+        return PendingRefounding(
+            communityId = communityId.lowercase(),
+            rootEpoch = rootEpoch,
+            prevCommit = ConcordKeyDerivation.epochKeyCommitment(rootEpoch, priorRoot).toHexKey(),
+            newRoot = RandomInstance.bytes(32),
+            newControlRoot = RandomInstance.bytes(32),
+        )
     }
 }
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord06Rekey/ConcordRekey.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord06Rekey/ConcordRekey.kt
index 84d9c1910d..7e4774ee5d 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord06Rekey/ConcordRekey.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord06Rekey/ConcordRekey.kt
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@
  */
 package com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey
 
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.AuthorityCitation
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.ConcordJson
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.control.tags.VacTag
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.crypto.ConcordKeyDerivation
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.HexKey
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.hexToByteArray
@@ -85,7 +87,13 @@ object ConcordRekey {
         return RekeyBlob(locator, wrapped)
     }
 
-    /** The kind-3303 rumor tags for a rekey chunk. */
+    /**
+     * The kind-3303 rumor tags for a rekey chunk. [chunkIndex] is **1-based** (CORD-06 §2's
+     * "chunk i of n"; the reference client refuses an index below 1, so a 0-based chunk makes the
+     * whole rotation unreadable to it). [authority] is the rotator's `vac` citation (CORD-06 §3
+     * "Authority", CORD-04 §5), carried on EVERY chunk so a partial holder can judge authority;
+     * null when the owner rotates.
+     */
     fun tags(
         scopeId: ByteArray,
         newEpoch: Long,
@@ -93,14 +101,78 @@ object ConcordRekey {
         prevCommit: HexKey,
         chunkIndex: Int,
         chunkTotal: Int,
-    ): Array<Array<String>> =
-        arrayOf(
-            arrayOf(TAG_SCOPE, scopeId.toHexKey()),
-            arrayOf(TAG_NEWEPOCH, newEpoch.toString()),
-            arrayOf(TAG_PREVEPOCH, prevEpoch.toString()),
-            arrayOf(TAG_PREVCOMMIT, prevCommit),
-            arrayOf(TAG_CHUNK, chunkIndex.toString(), chunkTotal.toString()),
-        )
+        authority: AuthorityCitation? = null,
+    ): Array<Array<String>> {
+        require(chunkTotal >= 1 && chunkIndex in 1..chunkTotal) { "chunk must be 1..n, was $chunkIndex of $chunkTotal" }
+        val base =
+            arrayOf(
+                arrayOf(TAG_SCOPE, scopeId.toHexKey()),
+                arrayOf(TAG_NEWEPOCH, newEpoch.toString()),
+                arrayOf(TAG_PREVEPOCH, prevEpoch.toString()),
+                arrayOf(TAG_PREVCOMMIT, prevCommit),
+                arrayOf(TAG_CHUNK, chunkIndex.toString(), chunkTotal.toString()),
+            )
+        return if (authority == null) base else base + arrayOf(VacTag.assemble(authority))
+    }
+
+    /** Strict decimal (`0|[1-9][0-9]*`): digits only, no sign, exponent, radix prefix, padding or leading zero. */
+    private fun strictDecimal(value: String?): Int? {
+        if (value.isNullOrEmpty() || value.length > 9 || !value.all { it in '0'..'9' }) return null
+        if (value.length > 1 && value[0] == '0') return null
+        return value.toInt()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The `["chunk", i, n]` position of a kind-3303 rumor as a 1-based `(i, n)` pair, or null when
+     * the tag is malformed: non-decimal, `i < 1`, `n < 1` or `i > n` (a 0-based chunk included).
+     * An absent tag reads as the single chunk `(1, 1)`, as the reference client does.
+     */
+    fun chunkOf(tags: Array<Array<String>>): Pair<Int, Int>? {
+        val tag = tags.firstOrNull { it.isNotEmpty() && it[0] == TAG_CHUNK } ?: return 1 to 1
+        val index = strictDecimal(tag.getOrNull(1)) ?: return null
+        val count = strictDecimal(tag.getOrNull(2)) ?: return null
+        if (index < 1 || count < 1 || index > count) return null
+        return index to count
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Splits [blobs] into chunks that each fit one kind-3303 rumor: at most
+     * [MAX_BLOBS_PER_CHUNK] blobs AND a rumor JSON of at most [REKEY_RUMOR_MAX_BYTES], given the
+     * [envelopeBytes] the rumor costs with an empty content (measure it at the widest `chunk` tag
+     * the rotation can carry — over-reserving only makes chunks smaller). Mirrors the reference
+     * client's budget byte for byte: the content's own `[]`, one comma between blobs, and each
+     * blob at its JSON-escaped length inside the content string. A lone over-budget blob is kept
+     * (blobs are indivisible). Always yields at least one (possibly empty) chunk.
+     */
+    fun chunkBlobs(
+        blobs: List<RekeyBlob>,
+        envelopeBytes: Int,
+    ): List<List<RekeyBlob>> {
+        val budget = REKEY_RUMOR_MAX_BYTES - envelopeBytes
+        val chunks = ArrayList<List<RekeyBlob>>()
+        var current = ArrayList<RekeyBlob>()
+        var used = 2 // the content's own "[]"
+        for (blob in blobs) {
+            val cost = escapedJsonLength(blob)
+            if (current.isNotEmpty() && (current.size >= MAX_BLOBS_PER_CHUNK || used + 1 + cost > budget)) {
+                chunks.add(current)
+                current = ArrayList()
+                used = 2
+            }
+            used += cost + (if (current.isNotEmpty()) 1 else 0)
+            current.add(blob)
+        }
+        if (current.isNotEmpty() || chunks.isEmpty()) chunks.add(current)
+        return chunks
+    }
+
+    /** A blob's byte length inside the rumor's JSON-escaped `content` string (without outer quotes). */
+    private fun escapedJsonLength(blob: RekeyBlob): Int {
+        val raw = encodeContent(listOf(blob)).let { it.substring(1, it.length - 1) }
+        var extra = 0
+        for (c in raw) if (c == '"' || c == '\\') extra++
+        return raw.encodeToByteArray().size + extra
+    }
 
     /** Serializes a chunk's blobs into the kind-3303 rumor content. */
     fun encodeContent(blobs: List<RekeyBlob>): String = ConcordJson.instance.encodeToString(ListSerializer(RekeyBlob.serializer()), blobs)
@@ -118,6 +190,16 @@ object ConcordRekey {
     /** CORD-06 §1: a single kind-3303 event carries at most this many per-recipient blobs. */
     const val MAX_BLOBS_PER_CHUNK = 120
 
+    /**
+     * Byte ceiling on one kind-3303 rumor's JSON, beside the 120-blob count cap. Base blobs are
+     * wider than channel ones, and 120 of them pushed the wrap's NIP-44 plaintext (the seal, which
+     * carries the rumor's own NIP-44 ciphertext as base64) past the 65,535-byte cap. 40,960 is the
+     * top of the NIP-44 padding bucket that still wraps — the reference client's
+     * `REKEY_RUMOR_MAX_BYTES`. Capacity: 120 blobs at 72 bytes (the count cap binds), 99 at 104,
+     * 90 at 136. Finer chunking is always wire-legal.
+     */
+    const val REKEY_RUMOR_MAX_BYTES = 40_960
+
     /**
      * Builds a rekey blob for one recipient using [rotatorSigner] instead of a raw
      * private key, so a NIP-46 bunker rotator can mint blobs without exposing its
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord06Rekey/ConcordRotationAuthority.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord06Rekey/ConcordRotationAuthority.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4874639ab1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord06Rekey/ConcordRotationAuthority.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Vitor Pamplona
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
+ * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey
+
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ConcordCommunityState
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.AuthorityCitation
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.ControlEdition
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.EntityFloor
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.crypto.ConcordKeyDerivation
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.HexKey
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.hexToByteArray
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.hexToByteArrayOrNull
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.toHexKey
+
+/**
+ * The `vac` authority citation on a rotation (CORD-06 §3 "Authority", CORD-04 §5): a rotation
+ * cites the Grant its rotator acts under like any authority action, so a just-demoted admin's
+ * rotation is never honored by a lagging client. The owner cites nothing — the `community_id`
+ * proves them.
+ *
+ * The citation is a *sync floor*, not the verdict: a verifier refuses the rotation until it
+ * holds at least the cited Grant edition, then resolves the rotator's rank against its current
+ * roster (the caller's `hasPermission(BAN)` check). Mirrors the reference client's
+ * `citationSatisfied`: a newer Grant head than the cited one satisfies, the same version must
+ * match the edition hash (a fork is refused), an older head parks the rotation (fail closed).
+ *
+ * [heads] is the authority-gated head of every Control entity keyed by `eid` hex — exactly
+ * [ConcordCommunityState.authorizedHeads] over the current epoch's editions ([headsOf]).
+ */
+object ConcordRotationAuthority {
+    /** The authority-gated entity heads a citation is minted from and checked against. */
+    fun headsOf(
+        editions: Collection<ControlEdition>,
+        ownerPubKey: HexKey,
+    ): Map<String, EntityFloor> = ConcordCommunityState.authorizedHeads(editions, ownerPubKey)
+
+    /**
+     * The citation [actor] puts on a rotation: their own Grant's current head, or null for the
+     * owner (who cites nothing) and for an actor with no Grant (whose rotation nobody honors).
+     */
+    fun citationFor(
+        communityIdHex: HexKey,
+        actor: HexKey,
+        ownerPubKey: HexKey,
+        heads: Map<String, EntityFloor>,
+    ): AuthorityCitation? {
+        if (actor.equals(ownerPubKey, ignoreCase = true)) return null
+        val eid = ConcordKeyDerivation.grantCoordinate(communityIdHex.hexToByteArray(), actor.lowercase().hexToByteArray())
+        val head = heads[eid.toHexKey()] ?: return null
+        val hash = head.hashHex.hexToByteArrayOrNull() ?: return null
+        return AuthorityCitation(eid, head.version, hash)
+    }
+
+    /** Whether [citation] authorizes [actor]'s rotation under the verifier's [heads]. */
+    fun citationSatisfied(
+        communityIdHex: HexKey,
+        actor: HexKey,
+        ownerPubKey: HexKey,
+        citation: AuthorityCitation?,
+        heads: Map<String, EntityFloor>,
+    ): Boolean {
+        if (actor.equals(ownerPubKey, ignoreCase = true)) return true
+        if (citation == null) return false
+        // Must name the actor's OWN Grant coordinate.
+        val eid = ConcordKeyDerivation.grantCoordinate(communityIdHex.hexToByteArray(), actor.lowercase().hexToByteArray()).toHexKey()
+        if (citation.grantId.toHexKey() != eid) return false
+        val head = heads[eid] ?: return false
+        return when {
+            head.version > citation.grantVersion -> true
+            // At exactly it: the hash must match our fold's winner, not a fork.
+            head.version == citation.grantVersion -> head.hashHex.equals(citation.grantHash.toHexKey(), ignoreCase = true)
+            // Behind it: park until the Grant arrives.
+            else -> false
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteClassifyTest.kt b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteClassifyTest.kt
index 064ec219e7..dfe2fa8070 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteClassifyTest.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteClassifyTest.kt
@@ -31,9 +31,12 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.toHexKey
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.crypto.KeyPair
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.crypto.verify
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.signers.NostrSignerInternal
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.signers.NostrSignerSync
 import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
 import kotlin.test.Test
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertIs
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 
 /**
@@ -55,21 +58,14 @@ class ConcordInviteClassifyTest {
             name = "Nostrichs",
         )
 
-    /** A raw kind-33301 event at the link-signer coordinate carrying an arbitrary [vsk] wire value. */
+    /** A kind-33301 event at the coordinate of [linkSigner], signed by it, carrying an arbitrary [vsk] wire value. */
     private fun coordinateEvent(
-        linkSignerPubKey: String,
+        linkSigner: ByteArray,
         vsk: String,
         createdAt: Long,
         content: String = "",
-    ) = Event(
-        id = "00".repeat(32),
-        pubKey = linkSignerPubKey,
-        createdAt = createdAt,
-        kind = ConcordInviteBundleEvent.KIND,
-        tags = arrayOf(arrayOf("d", ""), VskTag.TAG_NAME.let { arrayOf(it, vsk) }),
-        content = content,
-        sig = "00".repeat(64),
-    )
+        dTag: String = "",
+    ): Event = NostrSignerSync(KeyPair(privKey = linkSigner)).sign(createdAt, ConcordInviteBundleEvent.KIND, arrayOf(arrayOf("d", dTag), arrayOf(VskTag.TAG_NAME, vsk)), content)
 
     @Test
     fun liveBundleOpens() =
@@ -77,7 +73,7 @@ class ConcordInviteClassifyTest {
             val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Nostrichs", createdAt = 1L, relays = listOf("wss://relay.example"))
             val minted = ConcordInviteBundle.mintLink("https://vector.chat", inviteFor(community), createdAt = 1L, relays = listOf("wss://relay.example"))
 
-            val status = ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(minted.bundleEvent), minted.token)
+            val status = ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(minted.bundleEvent), minted.linkSignerPubKey, minted.token)
             assertTrue(status is InviteBundleStatus.Live)
             assertEquals(community.communityIdHex, status.invite.communityId)
         }
@@ -89,11 +85,11 @@ class ConcordInviteClassifyTest {
             val minted = ConcordInviteBundle.mintLink("https://vector.chat", inviteFor(community), createdAt = 1L, relays = listOf("wss://relay.example"))
 
             // A newer vsk=9 tombstone at the same coordinate buries the still-openable bundle.
-            val tombstone = coordinateEvent(minted.linkSignerPubKey, ControlEntityKind.INVITE_REVOKED.wire, createdAt = 2L)
+            val tombstone = coordinateEvent(minted.linkSignerPrivKey, ControlEntityKind.INVITE_REVOKED.wire, createdAt = 2L)
 
-            assertEquals(InviteBundleStatus.Revoked, ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(minted.bundleEvent, tombstone), minted.token))
+            assertEquals(InviteBundleStatus.Revoked, ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(minted.bundleEvent, tombstone), minted.linkSignerPubKey, minted.token))
             // Order of the fetched list must not matter — newest createdAt wins regardless.
-            assertEquals(InviteBundleStatus.Revoked, ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(tombstone, minted.bundleEvent), minted.token))
+            assertEquals(InviteBundleStatus.Revoked, ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(tombstone, minted.bundleEvent), minted.linkSignerPubKey, minted.token))
         }
 
     @Test
@@ -111,7 +107,7 @@ class ConcordInviteClassifyTest {
 
             // Both fetch orders must resolve to the re-mint — `fetchAll` gives no ordering guarantee.
             listOf(listOf(minted.bundleEvent, remint), listOf(remint, minted.bundleEvent)).forEach { wraps ->
-                val status = ConcordInviteBundle.classify(wraps, minted.token)
+                val status = ConcordInviteBundle.classify(wraps, minted.linkSignerPubKey, minted.token)
                 assertTrue(status is InviteBundleStatus.Live)
                 assertEquals("bb".repeat(32), status.invite.communityRoot)
                 assertEquals(2L, status.invite.rootEpoch)
@@ -123,8 +119,9 @@ class ConcordInviteClassifyTest {
         runTest {
             // A mis-posted registry (vsk=8) at the bundle coordinate — the exact shape of the
             // relayop.xyz link that hung — is present but not a vsk=6 bundle we can open.
-            val registry = coordinateEvent("aa".repeat(32), ControlEntityKind.INVITE_REGISTRY.wire, createdAt = 1L, content = "unopenable")
-            assertEquals(InviteBundleStatus.Unreadable, ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(registry), ByteArray(16)))
+            val signer = KeyPair()
+            val registry = coordinateEvent(signer.privKey!!, ControlEntityKind.INVITE_REGISTRY.wire, createdAt = 1L, content = "unopenable")
+            assertEquals(InviteBundleStatus.Unreadable, ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(registry), signer.pubKey.toHexKey(), ByteArray(16)))
         }
 
     /**
@@ -152,11 +149,11 @@ class ConcordInviteClassifyTest {
             val wraps = listOf(minted.bundleEvent)
 
             // Before the expiry the very same bundle still opens…
-            val live = ConcordInviteBundle.classify(wraps, minted.token, nowMs = expiresAtMs - 1)
+            val live = ConcordInviteBundle.classify(wraps, minted.linkSignerPubKey, minted.token, nowMs = expiresAtMs - 1)
             assertTrue(live is InviteBundleStatus.Live)
 
             // …and after it, the join path must refuse it (not Live) while the preview data survives.
-            val expired = ConcordInviteBundle.classify(wraps, minted.token, nowMs = expiresAtMs + 1)
+            val expired = ConcordInviteBundle.classify(wraps, minted.linkSignerPubKey, minted.token, nowMs = expiresAtMs + 1)
             assertTrue(expired is InviteBundleStatus.Expired)
             assertEquals(community.communityIdHex, expired.invite.communityId)
         }
@@ -167,12 +164,12 @@ class ConcordInviteClassifyTest {
         runTest {
             val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Nostrichs", createdAt = 1L, relays = listOf("wss://relay.example"))
             val minted = ConcordInviteBundle.mintLink("https://vector.chat", inviteFor(community), createdAt = 1L, relays = listOf("wss://relay.example"))
-            assertTrue(ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(minted.bundleEvent), minted.token, nowMs = Long.MAX_VALUE) is InviteBundleStatus.Live)
+            assertTrue(ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(minted.bundleEvent), minted.linkSignerPubKey, minted.token, nowMs = Long.MAX_VALUE) is InviteBundleStatus.Live)
         }
 
     @Test
     fun emptyFetchIsAbsent() {
-        assertEquals(InviteBundleStatus.Absent, ConcordInviteBundle.classify(emptyList(), ByteArray(16)))
+        assertEquals(InviteBundleStatus.Absent, ConcordInviteBundle.classify(emptyList(), "aa".repeat(32), ByteArray(16)))
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -201,12 +198,12 @@ class ConcordInviteClassifyTest {
 
             // End to end: what the creator publishes is what every redeemer then resolves.
             val grave = ConcordInviteBundle.buildRevocation(minted.linkSignerPrivKey, createdAt = 2L)
-            assertEquals(InviteBundleStatus.Revoked, ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(minted.bundleEvent, grave), minted.token))
+            assertEquals(InviteBundleStatus.Revoked, ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(minted.bundleEvent, grave), minted.linkSignerPubKey, minted.token))
 
             // And a re-mint that lands AFTER the grave un-revokes the link, which is exactly why the
             // refresh path must skip a coordinate it did not resolve Live first.
             val remint = ConcordInviteBundle.build(minted.linkSignerPrivKey, minted.token, inviteFor(community), createdAt = 3L)
-            assertTrue(ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(minted.bundleEvent, grave, remint), minted.token) is InviteBundleStatus.Live)
+            assertTrue(ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(minted.bundleEvent, grave, remint), minted.linkSignerPubKey, minted.token) is InviteBundleStatus.Live)
         }
 
     @Test
@@ -218,6 +215,86 @@ class ConcordInviteClassifyTest {
             """{"content":"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","created_at":1784122846,"id":"112701bc1541c10b92f5a105e2e1f1813e591936e20075ec6a53c8bb8d235d81","kind":33301,"pubkey":"7177ccb8e8786c152e4960765f03fbceb7419d36a26e693a6399319760e7fd30","sig":"80eb4b49d70d73d35c1026b9c06d0fab280787950b5df412ebe4cdd05fcacadb4d20419c4e732749ed2698186a321069b4329ebd93fe21d8594d7392bf6445e0","tags":[["d",""],["vsk","8"]]}"""
         val event = Event.fromJson(json)
         val token = "c0277c415fe2ecc901a22b2f23dca5bf".hexToByteArray()
-        assertEquals(InviteBundleStatus.Unreadable, ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(event), token))
+        assertEquals(InviteBundleStatus.Unreadable, ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(event), event.pubKey, token))
     }
+
+    // ---- S14: the relay filter is a hint, not a proof (CORD-05 §2) ----------------------
+
+    @Test
+    fun aForgedNewerRevocationByAnotherKeyDoesNotRevoke() =
+        runTest {
+            val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Nostrichs", createdAt = 1L, relays = listOf("wss://relay.example"))
+            val minted = ConcordInviteBundle.mintLink("https://vector.chat", inviteFor(community), createdAt = 1L)
+
+            // A relay serves a newer vsk=9 "at the coordinate" — but signed by someone else.
+            val forger = KeyPair()
+            val forged = coordinateEvent(forger.privKey!!, ControlEntityKind.INVITE_REVOKED.wire, createdAt = 2L)
+            assertIs<InviteBundleStatus.Live>(ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(minted.bundleEvent, forged), minted.linkSignerPubKey, minted.token))
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun aNewerRevocationClaimingTheSignerButBadlySignedDoesNotRevoke() =
+        runTest {
+            val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Nostrichs", createdAt = 1L, relays = listOf("wss://relay.example"))
+            val minted = ConcordInviteBundle.mintLink("https://vector.chat", inviteFor(community), createdAt = 1L)
+
+            // Right pubkey, garbage signature: exactly what a relay could fabricate without the secret.
+            val forged =
+                Event(
+                    id = "00".repeat(32),
+                    pubKey = minted.linkSignerPubKey,
+                    createdAt = 2L,
+                    kind = ConcordInviteBundleEvent.KIND,
+                    tags = arrayOf(arrayOf("d", ""), arrayOf(VskTag.TAG_NAME, ControlEntityKind.INVITE_REVOKED.wire)),
+                    content = "",
+                    sig = "00".repeat(64),
+                )
+            assertIs<InviteBundleStatus.Live>(ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(minted.bundleEvent, forged), minted.linkSignerPubKey, minted.token))
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun aRevocationAtAnotherDTagIsNotThisCoordinate() =
+        runTest {
+            val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Nostrichs", createdAt = 1L, relays = listOf("wss://relay.example"))
+            val minted = ConcordInviteBundle.mintLink("https://vector.chat", inviteFor(community), createdAt = 1L)
+
+            // Genuinely signed by the link signer, but at a different `d` — a different coordinate.
+            val elsewhere = coordinateEvent(minted.linkSignerPrivKey, ControlEntityKind.INVITE_REVOKED.wire, createdAt = 2L, dTag = "x")
+            assertIs<InviteBundleStatus.Live>(ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(minted.bundleEvent, elsewhere), minted.linkSignerPubKey, minted.token))
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun aBundleFromTheWrongAuthorIsAbsent() =
+        runTest {
+            val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Nostrichs", createdAt = 1L, relays = listOf("wss://relay.example"))
+            val minted = ConcordInviteBundle.mintLink("https://vector.chat", inviteFor(community), createdAt = 1L)
+            assertEquals(InviteBundleStatus.Absent, ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(minted.bundleEvent), "aa".repeat(32), minted.token))
+        }
+
+    // ---- S11: bundle bounds (CORD-05 §1) --------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Test
+    fun aBundleNamingTooManyChannelsIsRefused() =
+        runTest {
+            val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Nostrichs", createdAt = 1L, relays = listOf("wss://relay.example"))
+            val huge = inviteFor(community).copy(channels = List(ConcordInviteBundle.MAX_BUNDLE_CHANNELS + 1) { InviteChannel(id = it.toString(), epoch = 0) })
+            val minted = ConcordInviteBundle.mintLink("https://vector.chat", huge, createdAt = 1L)
+            assertNull(ConcordInviteBundle.bound(huge))
+            assertEquals(InviteBundleStatus.Unreadable, ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(minted.bundleEvent), minted.linkSignerPubKey, minted.token))
+
+            val atCap = inviteFor(community).copy(channels = List(ConcordInviteBundle.MAX_BUNDLE_CHANNELS) { InviteChannel(id = it.toString(), epoch = 0) })
+            val ok = ConcordInviteBundle.mintLink("https://vector.chat", atCap, createdAt = 1L)
+            assertIs<InviteBundleStatus.Live>(ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(ok.bundleEvent), ok.linkSignerPubKey, ok.token))
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun aBundlesRelaysAreTruncatedToTheCommunityCap() =
+        runTest {
+            val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Nostrichs", createdAt = 1L, relays = listOf("wss://relay.example"))
+            val relays = List(40) { "wss://r$it.example" }
+            val minted = ConcordInviteBundle.mintLink("https://vector.chat", inviteFor(community).copy(relays = relays + relays), createdAt = 1L)
+            val status = ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(minted.bundleEvent), minted.linkSignerPubKey, minted.token)
+            assertIs<InviteBundleStatus.Live>(status)
+            assertEquals(relays.take(ConcordInviteBundle.MAX_COMMUNITY_RELAYS), status.invite.relays)
+        }
 }
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteLinkTest.kt b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteLinkTest.kt
index ef63c80014..236156c180 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteLinkTest.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteLinkTest.kt
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
 import kotlin.test.assertFalse
 import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 
 class ConcordInviteLinkTest {
@@ -67,9 +68,10 @@ class ConcordInviteLinkTest {
     }
 
     @Test
-    fun buildUrlCarriesEveryRelayOfAnOversizedList() {
-        // A community with five relays used to crash the mint ("at most 3 relays, was 5").
-        // There is no cap below the format's own, so all five make the round trip.
+    fun buildUrlTruncatesAnOversizedListToTheBootstrapCap() {
+        // A community with five relays used to crash the mint ("at most 3 relays, was 5"), and was
+        // then fixed by carrying all five — which the reference client's decoder refuses. The
+        // fragment only has to find the bundle (CORD-05 §3), so the first three make the trip.
         val relays =
             listOf(
                 "wss://one.example",
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ class ConcordInviteLinkTest {
             )
         val parsed = ConcordInviteLink.parseUrl(ConcordInviteLink.buildUrl("https://vector.chat", signer, token, relays))
         assertNotNull(parsed)
-        assertEquals(relays, parsed.fragment.relays)
+        assertEquals(relays.take(3), parsed.fragment.relays)
         assertContentEquals(token, parsed.fragment.token)
     }
 
@@ -94,18 +96,6 @@ class ConcordInviteLinkTest {
         assertEquals(InviteRelayDictionary.STOCK, parsed.fragment.relays)
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun encodesTheLargestRelayListTheCountByteCanHold() {
-        // 255 is the format ceiling, not a policy one: the relay count is a single byte.
-        val relays = List(255) { "wss://relay$it.example" }
-        val frag = ConcordInviteLink.decodeFragment(ConcordInviteLink.encodeFragment(token, relays))
-        assertEquals(relays, frag.relays)
-        assertContentEquals(token, frag.token)
-
-        // One more would silently wrap the count byte to 0 and strand every relay, so it throws.
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { ConcordInviteLink.encodeFragment(token, relays + "wss://overflow.example") }
-    }
-
     @Test
     @OptIn(ExperimentalEncodingApi::class)
     fun rejectsWrongVersion() {
@@ -134,4 +124,32 @@ class ConcordInviteLinkTest {
         assertContentEquals(k, ConcordKeyDerivation.inviteBundleKey(token))
         assertFalse(k.toHexKey() == ConcordKeyDerivation.inviteBundleKey(ByteArray(16) { 0x09 }).toHexKey())
     }
+
+    // ---- I11: at most 3 bootstrap relays (CORD-05 §3) -------------------------------------
+
+    @Test
+    fun encodingTruncatesToThreeBootstrapRelays() {
+        val token = ByteArray(16) { 7 }
+        val relays = listOf("wss://a.example", "wss://b.example", "wss://c.example", "wss://d.example", "wss://e.example")
+        val decoded = ConcordInviteLink.decodeFragment(ConcordInviteLink.encodeFragment(token, relays))
+        assertEquals(relays.take(ConcordInviteLink.MAX_BOOTSTRAP_RELAYS), decoded.relays)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun theStockSetIsExemptFromTheCap() {
+        val decoded = ConcordInviteLink.decodeFragment(ConcordInviteLink.encodeFragment(ByteArray(16), InviteRelayDictionary.STOCK))
+        assertEquals(InviteRelayDictionary.STOCK, decoded.relays)
+        assertTrue(decoded.usedStockRelays)
+    }
+
+    @OptIn(ExperimentalEncodingApi::class)
+    @Test
+    fun decodingRefusesMoreThanThreeBootstrapRelays() {
+        // version 4, flags 0, count 4, four dictionary ids, then the token — what a non-conforming
+        // encoder would emit and the reference client's decoder throws on.
+        val bytes = byteArrayOf(4, 0, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4) + ByteArray(16)
+        val fragment = Base64.UrlSafe.withPadding(Base64.PaddingOption.ABSENT).encode(bytes)
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { ConcordInviteLink.decodeFragment(fragment) }
+        assertNull(ConcordInviteLink.parseUrl("https://x/invite/" + ConcordInviteLink.buildUrl("https://x", "aa".repeat(32), ByteArray(16)).substringAfter("/invite/").substringBefore('#') + "#" + fragment))
+    }
 }
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteListTest.kt b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteListTest.kt
index b3a6dbde5e..3f0447b2a6 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteListTest.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteListTest.kt
@@ -194,4 +194,40 @@ class ConcordInviteListTest {
         assertTrue(!live.isExpired(nowSecs = 99))
         assertTrue(!forever.isExpired(nowSecs = Long.MAX_VALUE), "no expiry means it never elapses")
     }
+
+    // ---- I18: entries are immutable; malformed tombstones ride as residue (CORD-05 §4) ----
+
+    @Test
+    fun anExistingTokensEntryIsImmutableSoTheFirstCopyWins() {
+        // The published list (base) already holds t1; a device's patch carrying a different copy of
+        // the same token must not rewrite its signer_sk or url (the reference client's first-wins).
+        val base = ConcordInviteListDocument(entries = listOf(ConcordInviteListEntry("t1", "sk-original", "c", "url-original", createdAt = 1)))
+        val patch = ConcordInviteListDocument(entries = listOf(ConcordInviteListEntry("t1", "sk-other", "c", "url-other", label = "late", createdAt = 9)))
+
+        val merged = ConcordInviteList.merge(base, patch)
+
+        assertEquals(1, merged.entries.size)
+        assertEquals("sk-original", merged.entries.first().signerSk)
+        assertEquals("url-original", merged.entries.first().url)
+        assertEquals(null, merged.entries.first().label)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun aTombstoneThatFailsToTypeCheckIsCarriedNotDropped() {
+        val json =
+            """
+            { "entries": [ { "token": "aa", "signer_sk": "bb", "community_id": "cc", "url": "u" } ],
+              "tombstones": [ { "token": "aa", "community_id": {"weird": true}, "mark": "grave" } ] }
+            """.trimIndent()
+
+        val doc = ConcordInviteList.decodeOrNull(json)!!
+        assertEquals(0, doc.tombstones.size)
+        assertEquals(1, doc.opaqueTombstones.size, "the untyped tombstone is kept")
+        assertTrue(ConcordInviteList.encode(doc).contains("grave"), "an untyped tombstone was lost on re-encode")
+
+        // It still retires the token it names: a merge must not let the entry stay live.
+        val merged = ConcordInviteList.merge(doc, ConcordInviteListDocument.EMPTY)
+        assertTrue(merged.entries.none { it.token == "aa" }, "an untyped tombstone must still beat its entry")
+        assertTrue(ConcordInviteList.encode(merged).contains("grave"), "merge dropped an untyped tombstone")
+    }
 }
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteRelayopInteropTest.kt b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteRelayopInteropTest.kt
index 63bed6cb5a..11fd70a156 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteRelayopInteropTest.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordInviteRelayopInteropTest.kt
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class ConcordInviteRelayopInteropTest {
         assertEquals("https://blossom.primal.net/a85a6b8f68cf602591b16846e1605f8034587b7220b44d7076d09f5e3bf5af71.jpg", invite.icon?.url)
         assertEquals(false, invite.icon?.isResolvable())
 
-        val status = ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(event), token)
+        val status = ConcordInviteBundle.classify(listOf(event), event.pubKey, token)
         assertIs<InviteBundleStatus.Live>(status)
         assertEquals("3rd times a charm?", status.invite.name)
     }
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordStrandedRecoveryTest.kt b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordStrandedRecoveryTest.kt
index 96c1124e57..4a8bdda07f 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordStrandedRecoveryTest.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord05Invites/ConcordStrandedRecoveryTest.kt
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ class ConcordStrandedRecoveryTest {
         name = "Gamers",
     )
 
-    // ---- merge forward --------------------------------------------------------
+    // ---- explicit re-join (the user accepts the link again) ---------------------
 
     @Test
-    fun higherEpochBundleMergesForwardKeepingAnchorAndHistory() {
+    fun anExplicitRejoinOfAHigherEpochBundleKeepsAnchorAndHistory() {
         val prior = HeldRoot(0L, "aa".repeat(32))
         val stranded = entry(epoch = 1, heldRoots = listOf(prior))
 
-        val merged = ConcordStrandedRecovery.mergeForward(stranded, bundle(epoch = 5), bannedAtCurrentEpoch = false)
+        val merged = ConcordStrandedRecovery.rejoinForward(stranded, bundle(epoch = 5), bannedAtCurrentEpoch = false)
         assertNotNull(merged, "a higher-epoch bundle at our own invite link means we were left behind")
 
         // adopted the new epoch's access root
@@ -98,22 +98,21 @@ class ConcordStrandedRecoveryTest {
         assertTrue(merged.heldRoots.any { it.epoch == 0L && it.key == prior.key })
         assertTrue(merged.heldRoots.any { it.epoch == 1L && it.key == "bb".repeat(32) })
 
-        // identity is untouched and we record where we were dropped
+        // identity is untouched
         assertEquals(communityId, merged.id)
         assertEquals(stranded.addedAt, merged.addedAt)
-        assertEquals(1L, merged.excludedAtEpoch)
     }
 
     @Test
     fun sameEpochBundleIsANoOp() {
-        assertNull(ConcordStrandedRecovery.mergeForward(entry(epoch = 5), bundle(epoch = 5), bannedAtCurrentEpoch = false))
+        assertNull(ConcordStrandedRecovery.rejoinForward(entry(epoch = 5), bundle(epoch = 5), bannedAtCurrentEpoch = false))
         assertFalse(ConcordStrandedRecovery.isStranded(entry(epoch = 5), bundle(epoch = 5), bannedAtCurrentEpoch = false))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun lowerEpochBundleIsANoOp() {
         // Epoch-monotonic: a stale bundle must never walk the membership backwards.
-        assertNull(ConcordStrandedRecovery.mergeForward(entry(epoch = 7), bundle(epoch = 3), bannedAtCurrentEpoch = false))
+        assertNull(ConcordStrandedRecovery.rejoinForward(entry(epoch = 7), bundle(epoch = 3), bannedAtCurrentEpoch = false))
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -121,12 +120,12 @@ class ConcordStrandedRecoveryTest {
         // Direct invites and legacy entries have no anchor — expected, not an error.
         val noAnchor = entry(epoch = 1, ref = null)
         assertFalse(ConcordStrandedRecovery.isStranded(noAnchor, bundle(epoch = 9), bannedAtCurrentEpoch = false))
-        assertNull(ConcordStrandedRecovery.mergeForward(noAnchor, bundle(epoch = 9), bannedAtCurrentEpoch = false))
+        assertNull(ConcordStrandedRecovery.rejoinForward(noAnchor, bundle(epoch = 9), bannedAtCurrentEpoch = false))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun bundleForAnotherCommunityIsIgnored() {
-        assertNull(ConcordStrandedRecovery.mergeForward(entry(epoch = 1), bundle(epoch = 9, id = "99".repeat(32)), bannedAtCurrentEpoch = false))
+        assertNull(ConcordStrandedRecovery.rejoinForward(entry(epoch = 1), bundle(epoch = 9, id = "99".repeat(32)), bannedAtCurrentEpoch = false))
     }
 
     // ---- the bare `<naddr>#<fragment>` anchor form ----------------------------
@@ -260,8 +259,24 @@ class ConcordStrandedRecoveryTest {
         // very epoch a Refounding rotated them out of. See A2 in docs/concord-soft-ban-audit.md.
         val stranded = entry(epoch = 1)
         assertFalse(ConcordStrandedRecovery.isStranded(stranded, bundle(epoch = 5), bannedAtCurrentEpoch = true))
-        assertNull(ConcordStrandedRecovery.mergeForward(stranded, bundle(epoch = 5), bannedAtCurrentEpoch = true))
+        assertNull(ConcordStrandedRecovery.rejoinForward(stranded, bundle(epoch = 5), bannedAtCurrentEpoch = true))
         // ...and the legitimate case still works, so the gate is not just "recovery off".
-        assertNotNull(ConcordStrandedRecovery.mergeForward(stranded, bundle(epoch = 5), bannedAtCurrentEpoch = false))
+        assertNotNull(ConcordStrandedRecovery.rejoinForward(stranded, bundle(epoch = 5), bannedAtCurrentEpoch = false))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * S4: detection is all a bundle may do on its own. The class exposes no function that moves a
+     * held community's base from a bundle without the user re-accepting the link — a link creator
+     * could otherwise relocate every member who joined through their link onto a root they chose.
+     */
+    @Test
+    fun aHostileHigherEpochBundleIsOnlyDetectedNeverAdoptedBySweep() {
+        val held = entry(epoch = 1)
+        val hostile = bundle(epoch = 2, root = "ee".repeat(32))
+        // The sweep's question: are we stranded? Yes — and that is all it learns.
+        assertTrue(ConcordStrandedRecovery.isStranded(held, hostile, bannedAtCurrentEpoch = false))
+        // The held entry itself is untouched by detection.
+        assertEquals("bb".repeat(32), held.root)
+        assertEquals(1L, held.rootEpoch)
     }
 }
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord06Rekey/ConcordRekeyConformanceTest.kt b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord06Rekey/ConcordRekeyConformanceTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae433b9faa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord06Rekey/ConcordRekeyConformanceTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Vitor Pamplona
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
+ * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord06Rekey
+
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.ConcordCommunityFactory
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.HeldRoot
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord02Community.NewConcordCommunity
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.AuthorityCitation
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.ControlEdition
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.EntityFloor
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.cord04Roles.control.tags.VacTag
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.crypto.ConcordKeyDerivation
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.crypto.ControlPlaneKeys
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.crypto.GroupKey
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.concord.envelope.ConcordStreamEnvelope
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.Event
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.hexToByteArray
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.toHexKey
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.crypto.KeyPair
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.signers.NostrSigner
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.signers.NostrSignerInternal
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip59Giftwrap.rumors.RumorAssembler
+import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
+import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertContentEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
+import kotlin.test.assertSame
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+/**
+ * CORD-06 wire conformance against the spec and the reference client: 1-based chunks (I8),
+ * byte-budgeted chunks under the NIP-44 cap (I10), the `vac` citation on rotations (I9),
+ * race convergence + idempotent retry (I12), fold-all-or-abort compaction (S12), and the
+ * encrypted rekey seal.
+ */
+class ConcordRekeyConformanceTest {
+    private val owner = NostrSignerInternal(KeyPair())
+    private val admin = NostrSignerInternal(KeyPair())
+    private val member = NostrSignerInternal(KeyPair())
+    private val now = 1_700_000_000L
+    private val controlRoot = ByteArray(32) { 0x6B }
+
+    private suspend fun rotation(
+        community: NewConcordCommunity,
+        rotator: NostrSigner,
+        newRoot: ByteArray,
+        recipients: List<String>,
+        staff: Set<String> = emptySet(),
+        authority: AuthorityCitation? = null,
+    ): List<Event> {
+        val newEpoch = community.rootEpoch + 1
+        return ConcordRefounding.buildBaseRekeyWraps(
+            rotatorSigner = rotator,
+            baseRekeyKey = baseRekey(community),
+            recipientsXOnly = recipients,
+            staffXOnly = staff,
+            newRoot = newRoot,
+            newControlPk = ConcordKeyDerivation.controlSignerKey(controlRoot, community.communityId, newEpoch).publicKey,
+            newControlRoot = controlRoot,
+            newEpoch = newEpoch,
+            prevEpoch = community.rootEpoch,
+            prevCommit = ConcordKeyDerivation.epochKeyCommitment(community.rootEpoch, community.communityRoot).toHexKey(),
+            createdAt = now,
+            authority = authority,
+        )
+    }
+
+    private fun baseRekey(community: NewConcordCommunity): GroupKey = ConcordKeyDerivation.baseRekeyAddress(community.communityRoot, community.communityId, community.rootEpoch + 1)
+
+    private fun rumorsOf(
+        wraps: List<Event>,
+        key: GroupKey,
+    ) = wraps.map { assertNotNull(ConcordStreamEnvelope.openOrNull(it, key)) }
+
+    private fun members(n: Int) = List(n) { KeyPair().pubKey.toHexKey() }
+
+    // ---- I8: chunk indices are 1-based --------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Test
+    fun chunksAreNumberedFromOne() =
+        runTest {
+            val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Test", now)
+            val wraps = rotation(community, owner, ByteArray(32) { 1 }, members(250) + member.pubKey)
+            val opened = rumorsOf(wraps, baseRekey(community))
+            val chunks = opened.map { o -> o.rumor.tags.first { it[0] == ConcordRekey.TAG_CHUNK } }
+            assertEquals((1..wraps.size).map { it.toString() }, chunks.map { it[1] })
+            assertTrue(chunks.all { it[2] == wraps.size.toString() })
+            assertTrue(opened.all { ConcordRekey.chunkOf(it.rumor.tags) != null })
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun chunkTagParsingIsStrict() {
+        fun chunk(vararg v: String) = arrayOf(arrayOf(ConcordRekey.TAG_CHUNK, *v))
+        assertEquals(1 to 1, ConcordRekey.chunkOf(emptyArray()), "absent reads as the only chunk")
+        assertEquals(2 to 3, ConcordRekey.chunkOf(chunk("2", "3")))
+        assertNull(ConcordRekey.chunkOf(chunk("0", "2")), "0-based is malformed")
+        assertNull(ConcordRekey.chunkOf(chunk("3", "2")))
+        assertNull(ConcordRekey.chunkOf(chunk("1", "0")))
+        assertNull(ConcordRekey.chunkOf(chunk("01", "2")))
+        assertNull(ConcordRekey.chunkOf(chunk("+1", "2")))
+        assertNull(ConcordRekey.chunkOf(chunk("1")))
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { ConcordRekey.tags(ConcordRekey.ROOT_SCOPE, 1, 0, "ab".repeat(32), 0, 1) }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun aZeroBasedChunkIsDropped() =
+        runTest {
+            val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Test", now)
+            val newEpoch = community.rootEpoch + 1
+            val blob = ConcordRekey.blobForSigner(owner, member.pubKey.hexToByteArray(), ConcordRekey.ROOT_SCOPE, newEpoch, ByteArray(32) { 1 })
+            val prevCommit = ConcordKeyDerivation.epochKeyCommitment(community.rootEpoch, community.communityRoot).toHexKey()
+            val tags =
+                arrayOf(
+                    arrayOf(ConcordRekey.TAG_SCOPE, ConcordRekey.ROOT_SCOPE.toHexKey()),
+                    arrayOf(ConcordRekey.TAG_NEWEPOCH, newEpoch.toString()),
+                    arrayOf(ConcordRekey.TAG_PREVEPOCH, community.rootEpoch.toString()),
+                    arrayOf(ConcordRekey.TAG_PREVCOMMIT, prevCommit),
+                    arrayOf(ConcordRekey.TAG_CHUNK, "0", "1"),
+                )
+            val rumor = RumorAssembler.assembleRumor<Event>(owner.pubKey, now, ConcordRekey.KIND, tags, ConcordRekey.encodeContent(listOf(blob)))
+            val wrap = ConcordStreamEnvelope.wrap(rumor, baseRekey(community), owner, encrypted = true, createdAt = now)
+            assertNull(ConcordRefounding.findNewRoot(listOf(wrap), baseRekey(community), member, community.communityId, community.communityRoot, community.rootEpoch))
+        }
+
+    // ---- rekey seals must be encrypted (CORD-02 §5) ------------------------------------
+
+    @Test
+    fun aPlaintextSealedRekeyIsIgnored() =
+        runTest {
+            val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Test", now)
+            val encrypted = rotation(community, owner, ByteArray(32) { 1 }, listOf(member.pubKey))
+            val rumor = rumorsOf(encrypted, baseRekey(community)).single().rumor
+            val plaintext = ConcordStreamEnvelope.wrap(rumor, baseRekey(community), owner, encrypted = false, createdAt = now)
+
+            assertNotNull(ConcordRefounding.findNewRoot(encrypted, baseRekey(community), member, community.communityId, community.communityRoot, community.rootEpoch))
+            assertNull(ConcordRefounding.findNewRoot(listOf(plaintext), baseRekey(community), member, community.communityId, community.communityRoot, community.rootEpoch))
+        }
+
+    // ---- I10: chunk by bytes so the wrap stays under NIP-44's 65,535-byte plaintext ---------
+
+    @Test
+    fun staffChunksStayUnderTheNip44Cap() =
+        runTest {
+            val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Test", now)
+            val recipients = members(300) + member.pubKey
+            // Every recipient staff: the widest (136-byte) blob. 120 of these overflowed the cap.
+            val wraps = rotation(community, owner, ByteArray(32) { 1 }, recipients, staff = recipients.toSet())
+            val opened = rumorsOf(wraps, baseRekey(community))
+
+            for (o in opened) {
+                assertTrue(
+                    o.rumor
+                        .toJson()
+                        .encodeToByteArray()
+                        .size <= ConcordRekey.REKEY_RUMOR_MAX_BYTES,
+                    "rumor over the byte budget",
+                )
+                assertTrue(
+                    o.seal
+                        .toJson()
+                        .encodeToByteArray()
+                        .size <= 65_535,
+                    "the wrap's NIP-44 plaintext (the seal) must fit the cap",
+                )
+                assertTrue(ConcordRekey.decodeContent(o.rumor.content).size <= 90, "the reference client fits 90 staff blobs per chunk")
+            }
+            assertEquals(recipients.size, opened.sumOf { ConcordRekey.decodeContent(it.rumor.content).size })
+            // And everyone still finds their key across the chunks.
+            assertNotNull(ConcordRefounding.findNewRoot(wraps, baseRekey(community), member, community.communityId, community.communityRoot, community.rootEpoch))
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun memberChunksStayUnderTheNip44Cap() =
+        runTest {
+            val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Test", now)
+            val wraps = rotation(community, owner, ByteArray(32) { 1 }, members(250))
+            for (o in rumorsOf(wraps, baseRekey(community))) {
+                assertTrue(
+                    o.seal
+                        .toJson()
+                        .encodeToByteArray()
+                        .size <= 65_535,
+                )
+                // ~99 per chunk (the reference client's figure; our slimmer rumor envelope fits a few more).
+                assertTrue(
+                    o.rumor
+                        .toJson()
+                        .encodeToByteArray()
+                        .size <= ConcordRekey.REKEY_RUMOR_MAX_BYTES,
+                )
+                assertTrue(ConcordRekey.decodeContent(o.rumor.content).size < ConcordRekey.MAX_BLOBS_PER_CHUNK, "the byte budget, not the count cap, binds for 104-byte blobs")
+            }
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun chunkingKeepsTheCountCap() {
+        val tiny = List(300) { RekeyBlob("a", "b") }
+        val chunks = ConcordRekey.chunkBlobs(tiny, envelopeBytes = 300)
+        assertEquals(listOf(120, 120, 60), chunks.map { it.size })
+        assertEquals(listOf(0), ConcordRekey.chunkBlobs(emptyList(), 300).map { it.size })
+    }
+
+    // ---- I9: the vac citation --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Test
+    fun everyChunkCarriesTheRotatorsCitation() =
+        runTest {
+            val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Test", now)
+            val citation = AuthorityCitation(ByteArray(32) { 3 }, 4, ByteArray(32) { 5 })
+            val wraps = rotation(community, admin, ByteArray(32) { 1 }, members(250) + member.pubKey, authority = citation)
+            for (o in rumorsOf(wraps, baseRekey(community))) {
+                assertEquals(
+                    VacTag.assemble(citation).toList(),
+                    o.rumor.tags
+                        .first { it[0] == VacTag.TAG_NAME }
+                        .toList(),
+                )
+            }
+            val got = ConcordRefounding.findNewRoot(wraps, baseRekey(community), member, community.communityId, community.communityRoot, community.rootEpoch)
+            assertNotNull(got)
+            assertEquals(admin.pubKey, got.rotator)
+            assertContentEquals(citation.grantId, got.authority?.grantId)
+            assertEquals(4L, got.authority?.grantVersion)
+
+            // The owner cites nothing.
+            val byOwner = rotation(community, owner, ByteArray(32) { 1 }, listOf(member.pubKey))
+            assertTrue(rumorsOf(byOwner, baseRekey(community)).all { o -> o.rumor.tags.none { it[0] == VacTag.TAG_NAME } })
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun citationsAreVerifiedAgainstTheFoldedGrantHead() {
+        val cid = "11".repeat(32)
+        val ownerHex = owner.pubKey
+        val grantEid = ConcordKeyDerivation.grantCoordinate(cid.hexToByteArray(), admin.pubKey.hexToByteArray()).toHexKey()
+        val hash = "ab".repeat(32)
+        val heads = mapOf(grantEid to EntityFloor(3, hash))
+
+        val minted = ConcordRotationAuthority.citationFor(cid, admin.pubKey, ownerHex, heads)
+        assertNotNull(minted)
+        assertEquals(grantEid, minted.grantId.toHexKey())
+        assertEquals(3L, minted.grantVersion)
+        assertNull(ConcordRotationAuthority.citationFor(cid, ownerHex, ownerHex, heads), "the owner cites nothing")
+
+        fun ok(c: AuthorityCitation?) = ConcordRotationAuthority.citationSatisfied(cid, admin.pubKey, ownerHex, c, heads)
+        assertTrue(ok(minted))
+        assertTrue(ConcordRotationAuthority.citationSatisfied(cid, ownerHex, ownerHex, null, heads), "the owner needs no citation")
+        assertFalse(ok(null), "a delegated rotator must cite")
+        assertTrue(ok(AuthorityCitation(minted.grantId, 2, ByteArray(32))), "our head is newer than the cited Grant: rank decides")
+        assertFalse(ok(AuthorityCitation(minted.grantId, 4, ByteArray(32))), "cites a Grant we have not synced: park")
+        assertFalse(ok(AuthorityCitation(minted.grantId, 3, ByteArray(32) { 9 })), "same version, different hash: a fork")
+        val otherEid = ConcordKeyDerivation.grantCoordinate(cid.hexToByteArray(), member.pubKey.hexToByteArray())
+        assertFalse(ok(AuthorityCitation(otherEid, 3, hash.hexToByteArray())), "must cite the rotator's OWN Grant")
+    }
+
+    // ---- I12: race convergence + idempotent retry --------------------------------------------
+
+    @Test
+    fun racingRotationsConvergeOnTheLowestAuthorizedRoot() =
+        runTest {
+            val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Test", now)
+            val high = ByteArray(32) { 0x5A }
+            val low = ByteArray(32) { 0x10 }
+            val wraps = rotation(community, owner, high, listOf(member.pubKey)) + rotation(community, admin, low, listOf(member.pubKey))
+
+            val all = ConcordRefounding.findNewRoots(wraps, baseRekey(community), member, community.communityId, community.communityRoot, community.rootEpoch)
+            assertEquals(2, all.size)
+
+            // Fetch order must not matter: every client picks the same winner.
+            for (order in listOf(wraps, wraps.reversed())) {
+                val won = ConcordRefounding.findNewRoot(order, baseRekey(community), member, community.communityId, community.communityRoot, community.rootEpoch)
+                assertNotNull(won)
+                assertContentEquals(low, won.newRoot)
+            }
+
+            // Authorize before converging: an unauthorized lower root never wins.
+            val onlyOwner = ConcordRefounding.findNewRoot(wraps, baseRekey(community), member, community.communityId, community.communityRoot, community.rootEpoch) { it.rotator == owner.pubKey }
+            assertNotNull(onlyOwner)
+            assertContentEquals(high, onlyOwner.newRoot)
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun theSameEpochHealIsDownOnly() {
+        val low = ByteArray(32) { 0x10 }
+        val high = ByteArray(32) { 0x5A }
+        assertTrue(ConcordRefounding.healsTo(held = high, candidate = low))
+        assertFalse(ConcordRefounding.healsTo(held = low, candidate = high), "a flaky fetch of the higher sibling must not re-fork")
+        assertFalse(ConcordRefounding.healsTo(held = low, candidate = low))
+        // Unsigned order: 0x80 sorts above 0x7F.
+        assertTrue(ConcordRefounding.compareKeys(byteArrayOf(0x7F), byteArrayOf(0x80.toByte())) < 0)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun losingForkRootsAreKeptButNotFoldedFrom() {
+        val held =
+            listOf(
+                HeldRoot(1, "5a".repeat(32), controlPk = null),
+                HeldRoot(1, "10".repeat(32), controlPk = "cc".repeat(32)),
+                HeldRoot(0, "aa".repeat(32)),
+            )
+        val canonical = ConcordRefounding.canonicalHeldRoots(held)
+        assertEquals(setOf(0L to "aa".repeat(32), 1L to "10".repeat(32)), canonical.map { it.epoch to it.key }.toSet())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun aRetriedRefoundingReusesItsReservedKeys() {
+        val cid = "11".repeat(32)
+        val priorRoot = ByteArray(32) { 2 }
+        val first = ConcordRefounding.reserveKeys(null, cid, 3, priorRoot)
+        val retry = ConcordRefounding.reserveKeys(first, cid, 3, priorRoot)
+        assertSame(first, retry, "a retry must re-deliver the same root, never mint a sibling")
+
+        // A different rotation (another epoch, or another prior root) gets fresh keys.
+        val nextEpoch = ConcordRefounding.reserveKeys(first, cid, 4, priorRoot)
+        assertFalse(nextEpoch.newRoot.contentEquals(first.newRoot))
+        val otherRoot = ConcordRefounding.reserveKeys(first, cid, 3, ByteArray(32) { 9 })
+        assertFalse(otherRoot.newRoot.contentEquals(first.newRoot))
+    }
+
+    // ---- S12: fold-all-or-abort compaction ---------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Test
+    fun compactionAbortsWhenAnHonoredHeadIsMissing() =
+        runTest {
+            val community = ConcordCommunityFactory.create(owner, "Test", now, description = "A place")
+            val newControl = ControlPlaneKeys.forStaff(ByteArray(32) { 7 }, community.communityId, community.rootEpoch + 1, controlRoot)
+            val heads =
+                community.genesisWraps
+                    .mapNotNull { ConcordStreamEnvelope.openOrNull(it, community.controlPlane)?.let { o -> ControlEdition.fromRumor(o.rumor) } }
+                    .associate { it.entityIdHex to it.version }
+
+            // Everything we honor is present: the compaction goes ahead.
+            val compacted = ConcordRefounding.compactControlPlane(community.genesisWraps, community.controlPlane, newControl, owner.pubKey, mustCarry = heads)
+            assertEquals(heads.size, compacted.size)
+
+            // An entity we fold (or a newer version of one) that the fetched plane lacks: abort.
+            val missing =
+                assertFailsWith<IncompleteControlPlaneException> {
+                    ConcordRefounding.compactControlPlane(community.genesisWraps, community.controlPlane, newControl, owner.pubKey, mustCarry = heads + ("ff".repeat(32) to 0L))
+                }
+            assertEquals(listOf("ff".repeat(32)), missing.missing)
+            val first = heads.keys.first()
+            assertFailsWith<IncompleteControlPlaneException> {
+                ConcordRefounding.compactControlPlane(community.genesisWraps, community.controlPlane, newControl, owner.pubKey, mustCarry = mapOf(first to heads.getValue(first) + 1))
+            }
+        }
+}
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord06Rekey/ControlRootRotationTest.kt b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord06Rekey/ControlRootRotationTest.kt
index 7a4440e1a0..7c8d0bfe15 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord06Rekey/ControlRootRotationTest.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/concord/cord06Rekey/ControlRootRotationTest.kt
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ class ControlRootRotationTest {
 
             val baseRekey = ConcordKeyDerivation.baseRekeyAddress(community.communityRoot, community.communityId, newEpoch)
             val prevCommit = ConcordKeyDerivation.epochKeyCommitment(community.rootEpoch, community.communityRoot).toHexKey()
-            val tags = ConcordRekey.tags(ConcordRekey.ROOT_SCOPE, newEpoch, community.rootEpoch, prevCommit, 0, 1)
+            val tags = ConcordRekey.tags(ConcordRekey.ROOT_SCOPE, newEpoch, community.rootEpoch, prevCommit, 1, 1)
             val rumor =
                 RumorAssembler.assembleRumor<Event>(owner.pubKey, now, ConcordRekey.KIND, tags, ConcordRekey.encodeContent(listOf(blob)))
             val wrap = ConcordStreamEnvelope.wrap(rumor, baseRekey, owner, encrypted = true, createdAt = now)
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ class ControlRootRotationTest {
 
             val baseRekey = ConcordKeyDerivation.baseRekeyAddress(community.communityRoot, community.communityId, newEpoch)
             val prevCommit = ConcordKeyDerivation.epochKeyCommitment(community.rootEpoch, community.communityRoot).toHexKey()
-            val tags = ConcordRekey.tags(ConcordRekey.ROOT_SCOPE, newEpoch, community.rootEpoch, prevCommit, 0, 1)
+            val tags = ConcordRekey.tags(ConcordRekey.ROOT_SCOPE, newEpoch, community.rootEpoch, prevCommit, 1, 1)
             val rumor =
                 RumorAssembler.assembleRumor<Event>(owner.pubKey, now, ConcordRekey.KIND, tags, ConcordRekey.encodeContent(listOf(blob)))
             val wrap = ConcordStreamEnvelope.wrap(rumor, baseRekey, owner, encrypted = true, createdAt = now)