diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5aStaticWebsites/SiteAggregateHash.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5aStaticWebsites/SiteAggregateHash.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a3ffd5e17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5aStaticWebsites/SiteAggregateHash.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Vitor Pamplona
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
+ * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites
+
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.HexKey
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.toHexKey
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags.PathTag
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.utils.sha256.sha256
+
+/**
+ * NIP-5A aggregate hash — a single content hash binding every file in a
+ * static-website / napplet manifest, carried in the `["x", <hash>, "aggregate"]`
+ * tag and verified by NIP-5D runtimes before executing a napplet.
+ *
+ * Algorithm (verbatim from NIP-5A):
+ *  1. Collect every `path` tag.
+ *  2. For each, produce a line `"<sha256hash> <absolute-path>\n"`.
+ *  3. Sort all lines in ascending lexicographic order.
+ *  4. Concatenate the sorted lines as UTF-8 bytes.
+ *  5. SHA-256 the concatenation.
+ *
+ * Lines are sorted by Kotlin's natural `String` order (UTF-16 code units), which
+ * matches a JavaScript `Array.prototype.sort()` reference implementation. In
+ * practice each line is prefixed by its unique 64-char hex hash, so ordering is
+ * decided by the hash and the path encoding only ever breaks ties between two
+ * paths sharing one blob.
+ */
+object SiteAggregateHash {
+    /** Recomputes the aggregate hash hex from a manifest's [paths]. */
+    fun compute(paths: List<PathTag>): HexKey {
+        val body =
+            paths
+                .map { "${it.hash} ${it.path}\n" }
+                .sorted()
+                .joinToString("")
+        return sha256(body.encodeToByteArray()).toHexKey()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies a declared aggregate hash against the one recomputed from [paths].
+     * Returns `true` when [declared] is null (nothing to check) — per NIP-5D,
+     * the `x` tag is only enforced when present.
+     */
+    fun verify(
+        paths: List<PathTag>,
+        declared: HexKey?,
+    ): Boolean = declared == null || declared.equals(compute(paths), ignoreCase = true)
+}
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5aStaticWebsites/TagArrayBuilderExt.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5aStaticWebsites/TagArrayBuilderExt.kt
index 3da5f0964d..6668880538 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5aStaticWebsites/TagArrayBuilderExt.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5aStaticWebsites/TagArrayBuilderExt.kt
@@ -21,12 +21,14 @@
 package com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites
 
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.Event
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.HexKey
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.TagArrayBuilder
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags.DescriptionTag
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags.PathTag
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags.ServerTag
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags.SourceTag
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags.TitleTag
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags.XTag
 
 fun <T : Event> TagArrayBuilder<T>.sitePaths(paths: List<PathTag>) = addAll(PathTag.assemble(paths))
 
@@ -37,3 +39,8 @@ fun <T : Event> TagArrayBuilder<T>.siteTitle(title: String) = addUnique(TitleTag
 fun <T : Event> TagArrayBuilder<T>.siteDescription(description: String) = addUnique(DescriptionTag.assemble(description))
 
 fun <T : Event> TagArrayBuilder<T>.siteSource(url: String) = addUnique(SourceTag.assemble(url))
+
+fun <T : Event> TagArrayBuilder<T>.siteAggregateHash(aggregateHash: HexKey) = addUnique(XTag.assemble(aggregateHash))
+
+/** Computes the NIP-5A aggregate hash from [paths] and adds it as the `x` tag. */
+fun <T : Event> TagArrayBuilder<T>.siteAggregateHash(paths: List<PathTag>) = siteAggregateHash(SiteAggregateHash.compute(paths))
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5aStaticWebsites/TagArrayExt.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5aStaticWebsites/TagArrayExt.kt
index f353893899..c8c2913f8a 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5aStaticWebsites/TagArrayExt.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5aStaticWebsites/TagArrayExt.kt
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags.PathTag
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags.ServerTag
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags.SourceTag
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags.TitleTag
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags.XTag
 
 fun TagArray.sitePaths() = mapNotNull(PathTag::parse)
 
@@ -36,3 +37,5 @@ fun TagArray.siteTitle() = firstNotNullOfOrNull(TitleTag::parse)
 fun TagArray.siteDescription() = firstNotNullOfOrNull(DescriptionTag::parse)
 
 fun TagArray.siteSource() = firstNotNullOfOrNull(SourceTag::parse)
+
+fun TagArray.siteAggregateHash() = firstNotNullOfOrNull(XTag::parse)
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5aStaticWebsites/tags/XTag.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5aStaticWebsites/tags/XTag.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e28eed859a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5aStaticWebsites/tags/XTag.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Vitor Pamplona
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
+ * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags
+
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.HexKey
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.has
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.utils.ensure
+
+/**
+ * The NIP-5A aggregate-hash tag: `["x", "<sha256-hex>", "aggregate"]`.
+ *
+ * It pins the whole site/napplet manifest to a single content hash computed over
+ * all `path` tags (see [com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.SiteAggregateHash]).
+ * The `"aggregate"` marker in position 2 distinguishes it from other `x` tags
+ * (e.g. NIP-94's bare `["x", "<hash>"]`).
+ */
+class XTag {
+    companion object {
+        const val TAG_NAME = "x"
+        const val AGGREGATE_MARKER = "aggregate"
+
+        /** Returns the aggregate hash hex when [tag] is a well-formed aggregate `x` tag, else null. */
+        fun parse(tag: Array<String>): HexKey? {
+            ensure(tag.has(2)) { return null }
+            ensure(tag[0] == TAG_NAME) { return null }
+            ensure(tag[1].isNotEmpty()) { return null }
+            ensure(tag[2] == AGGREGATE_MARKER) { return null }
+            return tag[1]
+        }
+
+        fun assemble(aggregateHash: HexKey) = arrayOf(TAG_NAME, aggregateHash, AGGREGATE_MARKER)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/NamedNappletEvent.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/NamedNappletEvent.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..349c42f605
--- /dev/null
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/NamedNappletEvent.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Vitor Pamplona
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
+ * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5dNapplets
+
+import androidx.compose.runtime.Immutable
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.BaseAddressableEvent
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.HexKey
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.TagArrayBuilder
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.signers.eventTemplate
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.tags.dTag.dTag
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip31Alts.alt
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip50Search.SearchableEvent
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteAggregateHash
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteDescription
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.sitePaths
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteServers
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteSource
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteTitle
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags.PathTag
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.utils.TimeUtils
+
+/**
+ * NIP-5D **named napplet** (kind 35129) — an addressable manifest identified by a
+ * `d` tag, so one pubkey can publish many named napplets. Carries the NIP-5A tag
+ * set; the `x` aggregate hash is recommended and included by [build].
+ */
+@Immutable
+class NamedNappletEvent(
+    id: HexKey,
+    pubKey: HexKey,
+    createdAt: Long,
+    tags: Array<Array<String>>,
+    content: String,
+    sig: HexKey,
+) : BaseAddressableEvent(id, pubKey, createdAt, KIND, tags, content, sig),
+    NappletManifest,
+    SearchableEvent {
+    override fun indexableContent() = listOfNotNull(title(), description()).joinToString("\n")
+
+    fun identifier() = dTag()
+
+    companion object {
+        const val KIND = 35129
+        const val ALT_DESCRIPTION = "Named Napplet"
+
+        fun build(
+            identifier: String,
+            paths: List<PathTag>,
+            servers: List<String> = emptyList(),
+            requires: List<String> = emptyList(),
+            title: String? = null,
+            description: String? = null,
+            source: String? = null,
+            createdAt: Long = TimeUtils.now(),
+            initializer: TagArrayBuilder<NamedNappletEvent>.() -> Unit = {},
+        ) = eventTemplate(KIND, "", createdAt) {
+            alt(ALT_DESCRIPTION)
+            dTag(identifier)
+            sitePaths(paths)
+            siteAggregateHash(paths)
+            if (servers.isNotEmpty()) siteServers(servers)
+            if (requires.isNotEmpty()) nappletRequires(requires)
+            title?.let { siteTitle(it) }
+            description?.let { siteDescription(it) }
+            source?.let { siteSource(it) }
+            initializer()
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/NappletManifest.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/NappletManifest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce0e9bbc77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/NappletManifest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Vitor Pamplona
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
+ * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5dNapplets
+
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.HexKey
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.TagArray
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.SiteAggregateHash
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteAggregateHash
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteDescription
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.sitePaths
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteServers
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteSource
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteTitle
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags.PathTag
+
+/**
+ * Common surface for the three NIP-5D napplet manifest kinds — snapshot
+ * ([NappletSnapshotEvent] / 5129), root ([RootNappletEvent] / 15129), and named
+ * ([NamedNappletEvent] / 35129). They carry the same NIP-5A tag set and differ
+ * only in replaceability and the `d` identifier, so all accessors live here and
+ * read off the event's [tags].
+ */
+interface NappletManifest {
+    val tags: TagArray
+
+    /** `path` tags mapping each absolute request path to its blob's sha256. */
+    fun paths(): List<PathTag> = tags.sitePaths()
+
+    /** `server` tags hinting which Blossom servers hold the blobs. */
+    fun servers(): List<String> = tags.siteServers()
+
+    /** `requires` tags: bare NAP capability domains the napplet needs from the shell. */
+    fun requires(): List<String> = tags.nappletRequires()
+
+    /** The aggregate hash declared in the `x` tag, or null when absent. */
+    fun declaredAggregateHash(): HexKey? = tags.siteAggregateHash()
+
+    fun title(): String? = tags.siteTitle()
+
+    fun description(): String? = tags.siteDescription()
+
+    fun source(): String? = tags.siteSource()
+
+    /** The NIP-5A aggregate hash recomputed from this manifest's [paths]. */
+    fun computeAggregateHash(): HexKey = SiteAggregateHash.compute(paths())
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies the declared `x` aggregate hash against the one recomputed from the
+     * `path` tags. Returns `true` when no `x` tag is present — per NIP-5D it is only
+     * enforced when carried. A runtime MUST still verify each blob's own sha256
+     * separately (see `StaticSiteResolver`).
+     */
+    fun verifyAggregate(): Boolean = SiteAggregateHash.verify(paths(), declaredAggregateHash())
+}
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/NappletSnapshotEvent.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/NappletSnapshotEvent.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..19aff15da0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/NappletSnapshotEvent.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Vitor Pamplona
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
+ * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5dNapplets
+
+import androidx.compose.runtime.Immutable
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.Event
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.HexKey
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.TagArrayBuilder
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.signers.eventTemplate
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip31Alts.alt
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip50Search.SearchableEvent
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteAggregateHash
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteDescription
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.sitePaths
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteServers
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteSource
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteTitle
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags.PathTag
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.utils.TimeUtils
+
+/**
+ * NIP-5D napplet **snapshot** (kind 5129) — a regular, immutable event that pins
+ * one exact napplet build. Unlike the replaceable root/named manifests, a snapshot
+ * is permanent version history; it MUST carry the `x` aggregate hash.
+ */
+@Immutable
+class NappletSnapshotEvent(
+    id: HexKey,
+    pubKey: HexKey,
+    createdAt: Long,
+    tags: Array<Array<String>>,
+    content: String,
+    sig: HexKey,
+) : Event(id, pubKey, createdAt, KIND, tags, content, sig),
+    NappletManifest,
+    SearchableEvent {
+    override fun indexableContent() = listOfNotNull(title(), description()).joinToString("\n")
+
+    companion object {
+        const val KIND = 5129
+        const val ALT_DESCRIPTION = "Napplet snapshot"
+
+        fun build(
+            paths: List<PathTag>,
+            servers: List<String> = emptyList(),
+            requires: List<String> = emptyList(),
+            title: String? = null,
+            description: String? = null,
+            source: String? = null,
+            createdAt: Long = TimeUtils.now(),
+            initializer: TagArrayBuilder<NappletSnapshotEvent>.() -> Unit = {},
+        ) = eventTemplate(KIND, "", createdAt) {
+            alt(ALT_DESCRIPTION)
+            sitePaths(paths)
+            siteAggregateHash(paths)
+            if (servers.isNotEmpty()) siteServers(servers)
+            if (requires.isNotEmpty()) nappletRequires(requires)
+            title?.let { siteTitle(it) }
+            description?.let { siteDescription(it) }
+            source?.let { siteSource(it) }
+            initializer()
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/RootNappletEvent.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/RootNappletEvent.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6efd223122
--- /dev/null
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/RootNappletEvent.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Vitor Pamplona
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
+ * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5dNapplets
+
+import androidx.compose.runtime.Immutable
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.BaseReplaceableEvent
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.HexKey
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.TagArrayBuilder
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.signers.eventTemplate
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip31Alts.alt
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip50Search.SearchableEvent
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteAggregateHash
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteDescription
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.sitePaths
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteServers
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteSource
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.siteTitle
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags.PathTag
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.utils.TimeUtils
+
+/**
+ * NIP-5D **root napplet** (kind 15129) — the replaceable manifest for a pubkey's
+ * default napplet. One per author; newer events replace older ones. Carries the
+ * NIP-5A tag set; the `x` aggregate hash is recommended and included by [build].
+ */
+@Immutable
+class RootNappletEvent(
+    id: HexKey,
+    pubKey: HexKey,
+    createdAt: Long,
+    tags: Array<Array<String>>,
+    content: String,
+    sig: HexKey,
+) : BaseReplaceableEvent(id, pubKey, createdAt, KIND, tags, content, sig),
+    NappletManifest,
+    SearchableEvent {
+    override fun indexableContent() = listOfNotNull(title(), description()).joinToString("\n")
+
+    companion object {
+        const val KIND = 15129
+        const val ALT_DESCRIPTION = "Napplet"
+
+        fun build(
+            paths: List<PathTag>,
+            servers: List<String> = emptyList(),
+            requires: List<String> = emptyList(),
+            title: String? = null,
+            description: String? = null,
+            source: String? = null,
+            createdAt: Long = TimeUtils.now(),
+            initializer: TagArrayBuilder<RootNappletEvent>.() -> Unit = {},
+        ) = eventTemplate(KIND, "", createdAt) {
+            alt(ALT_DESCRIPTION)
+            sitePaths(paths)
+            siteAggregateHash(paths)
+            if (servers.isNotEmpty()) siteServers(servers)
+            if (requires.isNotEmpty()) nappletRequires(requires)
+            title?.let { siteTitle(it) }
+            description?.let { siteDescription(it) }
+            source?.let { siteSource(it) }
+            initializer()
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/TagArrayBuilderExt.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/TagArrayBuilderExt.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..84657627b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/TagArrayBuilderExt.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Vitor Pamplona
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
+ * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5dNapplets
+
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.Event
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.TagArrayBuilder
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5dNapplets.tags.RequiresTag
+
+fun <T : Event> TagArrayBuilder<T>.nappletRequires(napNames: List<String>) = addAll(RequiresTag.assemble(napNames))
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/TagArrayExt.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/TagArrayExt.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..25ee161f35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/TagArrayExt.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Vitor Pamplona
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
+ * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5dNapplets
+
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.TagArray
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5dNapplets.tags.RequiresTag
+
+fun TagArray.nappletRequires() = mapNotNull(RequiresTag::parse)
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/tags/RequiresTag.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/tags/RequiresTag.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6dc4f61008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/tags/RequiresTag.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Vitor Pamplona
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
+ * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5dNapplets.tags
+
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.has
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.utils.ensure
+
+/**
+ * NIP-5D capability-requirement tag: `["requires", "<nap-name>"]`.
+ *
+ * Each value is a bare NAP domain the napplet needs from its shell — e.g.
+ * `relay`, `identity`, `storage` — never the `NAP-RELAY` spec name. A shell uses
+ * these to decide which capabilities to broker (and which to deny) before running
+ * the napplet.
+ */
+class RequiresTag {
+    companion object {
+        const val TAG_NAME = "requires"
+
+        fun parse(tag: Array<String>): String? {
+            ensure(tag.has(1)) { return null }
+            ensure(tag[0] == TAG_NAME) { return null }
+            ensure(tag[1].isNotEmpty()) { return null }
+            return tag[1]
+        }
+
+        fun assemble(napName: String) = arrayOf(TAG_NAME, napName)
+
+        fun assemble(napNames: List<String>) = napNames.map { assemble(it) }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/utils/EventFactory.kt b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/utils/EventFactory.kt
index cdf987c70f..9c66762853 100644
--- a/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/utils/EventFactory.kt
+++ b/quartz/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/utils/EventFactory.kt
@@ -197,6 +197,9 @@ import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip59Giftwrap.wraps.EphemeralGiftWrapEvent
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip59Giftwrap.wraps.GiftWrapEvent
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.NamedSiteEvent
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.RootSiteEvent
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5dNapplets.NamedNappletEvent
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5dNapplets.NappletSnapshotEvent
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5dNapplets.RootNappletEvent
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip60Cashu.history.CashuSpendingHistoryEvent
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip60Cashu.quote.CashuMintQuoteEvent
 import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip60Cashu.token.CashuTokenEvent
@@ -498,6 +501,9 @@ class EventFactory {
                 TokenListEvent.KIND -> TokenListEvent(id, pubKey, createdAt, tags, content, sig)
                 TokenRemovalEvent.KIND -> TokenRemovalEvent(id, pubKey, createdAt, tags, content, sig)
                 NamedSiteEvent.KIND -> NamedSiteEvent(id, pubKey, createdAt, tags, content, sig)
+                NappletSnapshotEvent.KIND -> NappletSnapshotEvent(id, pubKey, createdAt, tags, content, sig)
+                RootNappletEvent.KIND -> RootNappletEvent(id, pubKey, createdAt, tags, content, sig)
+                NamedNappletEvent.KIND -> NamedNappletEvent(id, pubKey, createdAt, tags, content, sig)
                 NNSEvent.KIND -> NNSEvent(id, pubKey, createdAt, tags, content, sig)
                 NipTextEvent.KIND -> NipTextEvent(id, pubKey, createdAt, tags, content, sig)
                 NutzapEvent.KIND -> NutzapEvent(id, pubKey, createdAt, tags, content, sig)
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5aStaticWebsites/SiteAggregateHashTest.kt b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5aStaticWebsites/SiteAggregateHashTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4033af0139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5aStaticWebsites/SiteAggregateHashTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Vitor Pamplona
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
+ * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites
+
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags.PathTag
+import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+class SiteAggregateHashTest {
+    private val h1 = "11".repeat(32)
+    private val h2 = "22".repeat(32)
+
+    @Test
+    fun matchesIndependentlyComputedVector() {
+        // Pinned with `printf '<h1> /index.html\n<h2> /app.js\n' | sha256sum` (h1 < h2, so sorted order).
+        val paths = listOf(PathTag("/index.html", h1), PathTag("/app.js", h2))
+        assertEquals(
+            "2c1250d51fba528f4d8c3c98522ecd844f6dcd94bcf3ecc90f3219bbc4a23224",
+            SiteAggregateHash.compute(paths),
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun isIndependentOfInputOrder() {
+        val forward = SiteAggregateHash.compute(listOf(PathTag("/index.html", h1), PathTag("/app.js", h2)))
+        val reversed = SiteAggregateHash.compute(listOf(PathTag("/app.js", h2), PathTag("/index.html", h1)))
+        assertEquals(forward, reversed)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun verifyAcceptsNullAndMatchAndRejectsTamper() {
+        val paths = listOf(PathTag("/index.html", h1), PathTag("/app.js", h2))
+        val aggregate = SiteAggregateHash.compute(paths)
+
+        // No x tag declared -> nothing to enforce.
+        assertTrue(SiteAggregateHash.verify(paths, null))
+        // Declared matches, case-insensitively.
+        assertTrue(SiteAggregateHash.verify(paths, aggregate))
+        assertTrue(SiteAggregateHash.verify(paths, aggregate.uppercase()))
+        // Declared aggregate that doesn't match the paths is rejected.
+        assertFalse(SiteAggregateHash.verify(paths, h1))
+        // Tampering a single path hash changes the recomputed aggregate -> mismatch.
+        val tampered = listOf(PathTag("/index.html", h2), PathTag("/app.js", h2))
+        assertFalse(SiteAggregateHash.verify(tampered, aggregate))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/NappletEventTest.kt b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/NappletEventTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26c7b894eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/quartz/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/vitorpamplona/quartz/nip5dNapplets/NappletEventTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Vitor Pamplona
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
+ * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5dNapplets
+
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.core.Event
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip01Core.signers.EventTemplate
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.nip5aStaticWebsites.tags.PathTag
+import com.vitorpamplona.quartz.utils.EventFactory
+import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertContentEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertIs
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+class NappletEventTest {
+    private val zero = "00".repeat(32)
+    private val h1 = "11".repeat(32)
+    private val h2 = "22".repeat(32)
+    private val paths = listOf(PathTag("/index.html", h1), PathTag("/app.js", h2))
+    private val servers = listOf("https://cdn.example.com")
+    private val requires = listOf("relay", "identity")
+
+    private fun <T : Event> materialize(
+        template: EventTemplate<T>,
+        factory: (String, String, Long, Array<Array<String>>, String, String) -> T,
+    ): T = factory(zero, zero, template.createdAt, template.tags, template.content, zero)
+
+    @Test
+    fun namedNappletRoundTrips() {
+        val event =
+            materialize(
+                NamedNappletEvent.build(
+                    identifier = "calculator",
+                    paths = paths,
+                    servers = servers,
+                    requires = requires,
+                    title = "Calc",
+                    description = "a calculator",
+                    source = "https://github.com/x/calc",
+                ),
+                ::NamedNappletEvent,
+            )
+
+        assertEquals(35129, event.kind)
+        assertEquals("calculator", event.identifier())
+        assertEquals(paths.map { it.path }, event.paths().map { it.path })
+        assertEquals(paths.map { it.hash }, event.paths().map { it.hash })
+        assertEquals(servers, event.servers())
+        assertEquals(requires, event.requires())
+        assertEquals("Calc", event.title())
+        assertEquals("a calculator", event.description())
+        assertEquals("https://github.com/x/calc", event.source())
+
+        // build() stamps the x aggregate, and it verifies against the path tags.
+        assertNotNull(event.declaredAggregateHash())
+        assertEquals(event.computeAggregateHash(), event.declaredAggregateHash())
+        assertTrue(event.verifyAggregate())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun rootNappletHasKind15129AndNoIdentifierNeeded() {
+        val event = materialize(RootNappletEvent.build(paths = paths), ::RootNappletEvent)
+        assertEquals(15129, event.kind)
+        assertTrue(event.verifyAggregate())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun snapshotHasKind5129AndAlwaysCarriesAggregate() {
+        val event = materialize(NappletSnapshotEvent.build(paths = paths), ::NappletSnapshotEvent)
+        assertEquals(5129, event.kind)
+        assertNotNull(event.declaredAggregateHash())
+        assertTrue(event.verifyAggregate())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun tamperedPathBreaksAggregateVerification() {
+        // Build a valid manifest, then rewrite one path hash in the tags without
+        // touching the x tag — the recomputed aggregate no longer matches.
+        val template = NamedNappletEvent.build(identifier = "x", paths = paths)
+        val tamperedTags =
+            template.tags
+                .map { tag ->
+                    if (tag.getOrNull(0) == PathTag.TAG_NAME && tag.getOrNull(1) == "/app.js") {
+                        arrayOf(PathTag.TAG_NAME, "/app.js", h1)
+                    } else {
+                        tag
+                    }
+                }.toTypedArray()
+
+        val tampered = NamedNappletEvent(zero, zero, template.createdAt, tamperedTags, template.content, zero)
+        assertFalse(tampered.verifyAggregate())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun eventFactoryRoutesAllThreeNappletKinds() {
+        val named = NamedNappletEvent.build(identifier = "x", paths = paths)
+        val root = RootNappletEvent.build(paths = paths)
+        val snapshot = NappletSnapshotEvent.build(paths = paths)
+
+        assertIs<NamedNappletEvent>(
+            EventFactory.create<Event>(zero, zero, named.createdAt, NamedNappletEvent.KIND, named.tags, named.content, zero),
+        )
+        assertIs<RootNappletEvent>(
+            EventFactory.create<Event>(zero, zero, root.createdAt, RootNappletEvent.KIND, root.tags, root.content, zero),
+        )
+        assertIs<NappletSnapshotEvent>(
+            EventFactory.create<Event>(zero, zero, snapshot.createdAt, NappletSnapshotEvent.KIND, snapshot.tags, snapshot.content, zero),
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun emptyOptionalsAreOmitted() {
+        val event = materialize(RootNappletEvent.build(paths = paths), ::RootNappletEvent)
+        assertTrue(event.servers().isEmpty())
+        assertTrue(event.requires().isEmpty())
+        assertEquals(null, event.title())
+        // Only path + x (+ alt) tags expected; the manifest still has its paths.
+        assertContentEquals(paths.map { it.hash }, event.paths().map { it.hash })
+    }
+}